Stages Of Institutionalization Research Articles

Эволюция информационной политики судебных органов власти: этапы, особенности правового регулирования

The article examines the evolution of the information policy of the judiciary in the context of reforming the judicial system in post-Soviet Russia. Based on a systematic approach, a retrospective study of the formation and development of the information policy of judicial authorities in Russian society in the context of legal regulation was carried out and the author’s approach to highlighting the stages of its institutionalization in connection with the adoption of regulatory documents is presented: the first stage (1991‒2000) is pre-institutional, which is characterized by the emergence of information activities of the judicial system; the second stage (2001‒2018) ‒ the initial stage of institutionalization of the information policy of the judicial authorities; the third stage ‒ (from 2019 to the present) characterizes the formation of the information policy of the judicial system in Russia. The article provides a detailed description of each stage, identifies the factors that influenced their development, and explores the peculiarities of legal regulation and associated challenges. The study also presents findings from research on the implementation of information activities and policies, conducted by the authors using materials from the Arbitration Court of the Novosibirsk Region in 2010 and 2024 in a monitoring mode. The significance of this research lies in systematizing the known facts and phenomena characteristic of the period under study, allowing for an analysis of the transformation of judicial information activities into a coherent information policy and offering a fresh perspective on its implementation in modern Russia.

Social entrepreneurship in the field of tourism and the problem of its institutionalization: analysis of the experience of the Asian South countries

The article substantiates the relevance of the topic of institutionalization of social entrepreneurship in the field of tourism, determined by the presence of a number of contradictions accompanying this process in Russian society. The goal of the research is to study the experience of foreign countries in which social entrepreneurship is developing in the tourism industry and signs of its institutional transformations are emerging, which allows us to extrapolate this experience to solve a number of problems in the Russian tourism sector. The results of the analysis of scientific publications reflecting the topic of the development of social entrepreneurship and its institutionalization in the developing countries of the Asian South – India and Pakistan – are presented. The research method is the analysis of documents – scientific publications, which reflect the problems of institutionalization of social entrepreneurship in the field of tourism. Based on the analysis of tourism in these countries, scientists have identified such aspects of the problem associated with the institutionalization of social entrepreneurship as increasing the level of interest of local communities in the development of tourism, taking into account the specifics of the tourism industry, trends in the sustainability of its development, orientation towards the management of this area and cooperation between business and the state. Based on the results of the study, conclusions have been drawn about the initial stage of institutionalization of social entrepreneurship in these countries, but some institutional practices, such as partnership between the state, society and socially oriented entrepreneurship in the tourism industry, attracting the population to work in the tourism sector, developing folk crafts and involving tourists in this area , can be used in the Russian tourism industry.

Komunikasi Pembangunan sebagai Model Pemberdayaan di Taman Wisata Bur Telege Aceh Tengah

Participatory development communication is a communication model that is adaptive to various social conditions of the community. One of them is the Bur Telege tourist park located in Hakim Bale Bujang village, Takengon city, Central Aceh. Bur Telege was established due to the local community's concerns about the high level of violations of Islamic law that occurred, the second reason being the difficulty of finding employment at this time. An interesting thing to study is of course because the Bur Telege tourist park is managed directly by the Village-Owned Enterprise BUMD which works together to find the best solution to the problems faced. This study will try to review how development communication is used to empower the local community. Four pillars were found until finally the empowerment model used can be stimulated. Starting from the preparation of the vision and mission of the Bur Telege tourist park, then continued with a common perception, promotion, education and motivation, then continued with the institutionalization stage, then entered the support mobilization stage and finally the action stage.

Reception of the figure of Mykhailo Hrushevskyi in diasporic historiography: a new historiographic meaningful

The article analyzes the first monograph of the historian Mykhailo Sabinskyi “The figure of Mykhailo Hrushevskyi in Ukrainian foreign historiography of the 1940s-1980s.”. The book highlights the complex processes of formation and disciplinary complication of diasporic Hrushevskiana. First of all, the author investigated that the period 1940-1965 is an important stage of Ukrainian diaspora historiography, which marked a gradual departure from the concepts and practices of mainland Ukrainian studies of the previous era and convergence with Western socio-humanitarianism. Next, M. Sabinskyi proved that the centenary anniversary of M. Hrushevskyi was a significant event in the intellectual life of Ukrainians abroad. Despite the stereotyped thinking of some diaspora figures, thanks to extensive media promotion and numerous public and scientific initiatives, it was possible to turn the personal date of the distinguished scientist into a holiday of Ukrainian culture, which is important for the consolidation of the emigrant community. The researcher showed that all this made possible the emergence of L. Vynar's disciplinary initiative to start scientific Hrushevskyi’s studies. The modern historian emphasized that the dynamism of the progress of this field of Ukrainian studies in the following decades allows us to confirm the power of the historiographical impulse given by the anniversary events. In conclusion, the author noted that the diasporic Hrushevskiana appears as a historiographical phenomenon that is complex in its ideological nature and diverse in its forms of realization and stylistic practices. Being a means of inter-party emigration confrontation in the first post-war years, it went through the stages of institutionalization and disciplinary formation during the following decades. As a result, a respectable field of Ukrainian studies emerged, whose representatives systematically interpret the national phenomenon of M. Hrushevskyi in the broad context of his time. It was the solid academic level of diaspora Hrushevskyi’s studies achieved at the end of the 1980s that enabled the significant achievements of mainland historiography in its study of the legacy of the historian after independence.

Forms and Stages of Community Participation in Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) Alkesa Lestari Cipedak Jagakarsa South Jakarta

This research on Community Participation in the KUBE Program at the Alkesa Lestari Joint Business Group (KUBE) Cipedak, Jagakarsa, South Jakarta discusses how community participation in the KUBE program which is one of the work programs of the Ministry of Social Affairs, also discusses the forms and steps of community participation in running business programs at KUBE Alkesa Lestari. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods described by written words and numbers. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory used explains the form and ladder of community participation. The results of the research show that from the planning stage members have not been involved. The implementation stage of the community has contributed well in running the KUBE program. The institutionalization stage of member participation has been well involved. The monitoring and evaluation stage of KUBE Alkesa Lestari members are still not involved but can be involved by providing assessments and suggestions for the KUBE program.

Sneaking through raising walls: The dynamics of institutionalizing security technology clubs

Some technologies have dramatic effects on international politics as significant power components, affecting the balance in the international system while raising communal challenges. Their holders are credited as members of exclusive informal Security Technology Clubs (STCs). To mitigate communal challenges and secure their advantages, these tech-haves seek to prevent the spread of these strategic and sensitive capabilities, especially those with strategic lethal significance. Thus, they are often willing to relinquish some of their freedom of action and cooperate to control the distribution and use of technology, resulting in the greater institutionalization of these STCs. What conditions motivate established tech-haves to institutionalize STCs, and how can emerging tech-haves join them? We argue that this occurs under two conditions: (1) increasing numbers of actors seek to earn the technological capabilities; (2) they fear other tech-haves (would) irresponsibly use or transfer the technology to others. Institutionalization has a gradual dynamic, beginning with informal, often self-limiting, equitable arms control mechanisms benefiting the tech-haves; the following are less equitable mechanisms. Thus, emerging tech-haves are likely to become members of these more institutionalized STCs when publicly joining them before the walls are raised. We test our model by examining two cases: the institutionalization of the nuclear club in the 1960s and the early stages of institutionalization of the space club, centering on counterspace capabilities.

The evolution of agroecology in Mexico, 1920–2023

During the last 2 decades, several studies have analyzed the theoretical and practical development of agroecology in different countries. In each country, the transition has followed different paths and paces. Using a detailed review of myriad sources, this article describes the evolution of agroecology in Mexico from 1920 to date. Our analysis was based on a set of indicators such as research teams, courses and degrees, publications, conferences, professional associations and unions, policies and laws, agricultural production, as well as social movements and resistances. We identified 5 main stages: a precursor stage (1920–1960), a foundational stage (1960–1980), an institutionalization stage (1980–2000), a deployment stage (2000–2018), and a scaling-up stage (2018–to date). The article discusses the importance of the role played by the current government in deploying and multiplying agroecological practices throughout the country. Given a history of over 7,000 years of agricultural practices, and a persistent tradition of small-scale farmer resistance movements that reached a peak during the agrarian revolution (1910–1917), in addition to the participation of small-scale producers in agroecologically oriented programs promoted by the current administration, the search for sustainable food systems in Mexico seems promising.

Solidarity economy and its institutionalization stage: public policy contributions

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é descrever a contribuição das políticas públicas para o processo de institucionalização do campo da economia solidária. A análise se deu com base em 4 políticas públicas estaduais de economia solidária, identificadas por meio de pesquisa documental. Para a coleta de dados, foram usadas pesquisa documental em todos os estados da federação e entrevistas com 22 pesquisados em 4 estados. Para o tratamento desses dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. O processo de institucionalização foi analisado à luz do modelo de Tolbert e Zucker. O texto examinou a implementação dos instrumentos instituídos pelas políticas públicas selecionadas e como elas têm contribuído para fomentar e apoiar empreendimentos econômicos solidários. Para isso, foram identificadas e analisadas ações desenvolvidas nas áreas de comercialização, apoio técnico, formalização dos empreendimentos, acesso ao crédito e ações intragovernamentais, com a sociedade civil organizada e instituições de ensino. Verificou-se que as políticas públicas de 2 estados estão no estágio de total institucionalização por proporcionarem, por meio de suas ações, reconhecimento social e legitimidade à economia solidária.

Institutionalization of Quality Management Practices (QMPs): A Case Study of a Sri Lankan Entity

The main purpose of this study was to explore how can Quality Management Practices (QMPs) be institutionalized as a successful strategic performance improvement initiative in a manufacturing organization located in Sri Lanka. Institutional Theory was incorporated as a theoretical lens to make sense of institutionalization process of the organization. Institutionalization Framework of Tolbert and Zucker (1996) which takes into the account the pre-institutionalization, semi-institutionalization and full institutionalization stages of QMPs implementation within the case organization. The study adopted the single-site case study method under the qualitative methodology. Data has been mainly collected through interviews and documentary review. The findings of this study illustrated that implementation of QMPs in the case organization is successful, because quality management has become an institutionalized practice within the case organization. It was further evident that, institutionalization of QMPs is complete when they are both accepted and taken-for-granted as part of the way people feel and think and the way they usually do things. As a result of institutionalization, QMPs are coherently fitted with the main organizational strategy and they have become an integrated QMPs for the entire organization, without remained as isolated quality practices which are narrowly termed as quality tools and techniques.

Development of the Culture of Dissertation Research in Archaeology in the Kazan Governorate and the TASSR during the 1910s–1940s

This article discusses the development of the culture of dissertation research in archaeology in the Kazan Governorate and the TASSR between the 1910s and 1940s. The central role in this process was played by A.P. Smirnov and N.F. Kalinin, two prominent archaeologists, as well as by V.F. Smolin and M.G. Khudyakov, their predecessors. A.P. Smirnov developed a research passion for studying the archaeology and history of the Volga Bulgaria in the early 1930s, and N.F. Kalinin became interested in exploring the primitive era during the second half of the 1940s. The large-scale excavations of the Suvar and Bolghar (since 1938) settlements offered a solid methodological background for A.P. Smirnov’s doctoral dissertation. In his work, he introduced a new approach to addressing a number of controversial issues, such as the dating of the emergence of the Bolghar settlement, by using archeological data. The outbreak of the war forced A.P. Smirnov to change his plans: he defended his dissertation in Moscow as early as 1944. N.F. Kalinin’s dissertation was based on the archaeological collections of the Neolithic, Bronze, and Early Iron Ages stored at the Kazan Museum; these were the well-known materials with a historiographical tradition. The problems of academic communication during the period before these two dissertations had been defended are addressed. The early stages of institutionalization of this process are analyzed.

A Sociological Panorama after the Great War. A Central and Eastern European Comparatist Attempt

Abstract This article attempts to draw a general outline of comparative Central and Eastern European sociology. It focuses on the year 1918, when the Great War ended, and it explores the background and continuation of the (re)birth of sociology. The study is justified by the fact that the history of the national schools of sociology has been approached in correlation with Western centres, and therefore a regional approach is needed. First, the study differentiates between countries that were allied to the victorious powers in the First World War and countries that lost the war, between countries where sociology gained momentum and countries where science suffered. In the countries that were at an advantage – Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, and Serbia –, sociology was at very different stages of institutionalization, but it registered significant progress until the 30s. The countries that lost – Bulgaria, Russia, and Hungary – were not only more weakened after the war but also plagued by revolutions, civil wars, and retaliations; they were not a fertile ground for sociological production. Apart from Russia, it is only in the 1930s that sociology started to considerably develop in these countries. The article does not only compare the status of sociology in the seven countries, but it also explores the evolution of the relationships between them. After an understandable dependence on the Western academic centres, there was the possibility for a regional identity to form.

School administrators’ experiences implementing a college and career readiness reform initiative

This paper shares results from a qualitative interview study about site- and district-level administrators' experiences and perceptions implementing a significant college and career readiness reform initiative. Linked Learning (LL) is one college and career readiness reform that has been growing in the U.S. and internationally in recent years. Linked Learning began in 2009 with nine school districts in CA, and currently there are 659 LL pathways across 20 states and 3 countries (Linked Learning Alliance, 2023). Twenty administrators from California schools and districts were interviewed using a protocol developed using Curry's (1992) model of reform implementation and institutionalization and the four core components of Linked Learning. Four significant themes emerged from the data related to advice that administrators shared for implementing a comprehensive school reform: know your stuff, follow your passion, plan your route, and build your team. Overall, these administrators recommended that the reform initiative within an organization should start with the hiring process to build a knowledgeable, passionate team and that personnel, including leaders, need support and training in order to effectively move a reform from the implementation to the institutionalization stage.

The prevention of political corruption and implementation of the Political Party Integrity System in Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa

This paper focuses on examining the institutionalization of the Political Party Integrity System (SIPP) which was pushed by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) as part of efforts to prevent political corruption in the National Awakening Party (PKB). Since the 2009, 2014 and 2019 elections, PKB's vote share has increased. The number of party cadres who were caught in corruption cases was relatively small compared to other parties. The main question to be answered is how the institutionalization of SIPP in PKB was initiated by the KPK as part of efforts to prevent political corruption? The theoretical framework used is O'Donnell's institutionalization theory. There are two stages of institutionalization; the spread of values (value infusion) and routine actions against these values (behavioral routineization). Data was collected through literature review and interviews. This research shows that the institutionalization of SIPP in PKB takes place through the stage of spreading SIPP values. This distribution is contained in Mabda' Siyasi, AD/ART, PKB Manifesto, and Party Regulations. It regulates the code of ethics, regeneration and recruitment, internal democratization, and financial governance. The next stage is getting used to the internal provisions of this PKB in carrying out party activities. PKB is one of the parties that welcomes the existence of SIPP. For PKB, SIPP is an acceleration to strengthen party integrity. Become a concrete step to prevent political corruption involving party cadres.

Buying green in U.S. local government: Internal commitment and responsiveness to external pressures

AbstractThis study investigates how green purchasing in local governments varies as a function of the organization's internal commitment, operationalized by the stage of institutionalization of green public procurement (GPP), and external pressures from various stakeholder groups. GPP, a value‐based innovation justified on the grounds of intergenerational equity, is an important tool governments can use to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. Survey data from 210 U.S. local governments reveal that while both external and internal factors are strong predictors of buying green, internal commitment matters relatively more. We also find that earlier stages of GPP institutionalization are more conducive to external influence, albeit the effect differs among stakeholders. Local governments tend to be more likely to buy green when nudged by nonprofits and interest groups, and less so when offered financial incentives by the federal government.

Institutionalization of ESG-principles at the international level and in the Russian Federation, their impact on ferrous metallurgy enterprises. Part 1

The idea of ESG (Environmental – Social – Governance) is based on the concept of sustainable development and represents a fundamentally new approach to making business, characterized by the involvement of companies in solving environmental, social and management problems. Despite the fact that at the international level, the formation of an institutional framework in the field of ESG was initiated 74 years ago, in our country this process was launched only in 1996 with the adoption of the Concept for the Transition of the Russian Federation to Sustainable Development. Ratification by Russia of a number of international documents – the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992), the Kyoto Protocol (1997), the Paris Agreement on Climate (2015) and the active promotion climate policy by most countries of the world aimed at preserving ozone in the atmosphere layer, necessitated the institutionalization of ESG principles at the national level. The activation of this process took place in 2020 and by mid-2021, the national framework in the field of ESG was created. Ferrous metallurgy is one of the basic sectors of the national economy. The discrepancy of ferrous metallurgy enterprises with the ESG criteria, as well as the high carbon and energy intensity of the products of this industry, in the future may cause the loss of sales markets and disruption of sustainable development. The stages of institutionalization of ESG principles at the international level and in the Russian Federation are considered. The necessity of reducing the carbon intensity and energy intensity of ferrous metallurgy products is substantiated in connection with the emerging global trend – the transition of most countries of the world to a low-carbon economy due to the gradual abandonment of coal energy and the gradual cessation of «inefficient» subsidizing of fossil fuels.

Экспертное мнение о российских профессионалах: тенденции, парадоксы, проблемы

The article based on interviews with 15 experts who are representatives of the Russian scientific community. The situation is analyzed, that has developed in Russia with such a category of workers as professionals. The latter are specialists with a high educational level, working in areas organically related to creative mental work. The growing social role of this category of workers in the modern world is based on the possession of human capital. This is the most important resource of the new economy. Such aspects of the topic as the status of professionals as a social group, the specifics of the human capital of Russian professionals and the features of the capitalization of their personal characteristics, as well as their interest in increasing their human capital, are considered. The theme of internal and external migration of professionals is highlighted as a motive for more successful capitalization of personal potential. The article concludes with a study of the problem of the prospects for the evolution of Russian professionals. As experts state, this social group is still underformed, which is largely due to Russian specifics, in which social capital is often a more significant factor than human capital. In general, domestic professionals are only at the initial stage of objective institutionalization and subjective articulation as a full-fledged social class.

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ КАДРОВОГО ДОКУМЕНТООБОРОТА

The theoretical aspects of the use of electronic document management in Russia are considered. The stages of institutionalization of an electronic signature at the state level are given. Approaches to the use of machine-readable power of attorney have been developed. The practical experience of digitalization of personnel document flow is analyzed. Aspects of the use of electronic workbooks, documentation of remote employment, stages of transition to personnel electronic document management are revealed. Recommendations on the use of tokens in electronic signature technology are given. Typical examples of information technologies and HR systems are shown on the example of 1C solutions. Based on the results of the work, the factors preventing the transition of organizations to personnel electronic document management are considered — the lack of a free qualified electronic signature and the risk of leakage of personal data.

Adoption of Internet Based Technologies in Accounting: Banking Professionals’ Perception

Internet-based technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, Internet of things, robotic process automation, blockchain, etc. influence the traditional accountants’ role and the accounting process despite their limited adoption within the accounting field. Why there is a minimal adoption of these technologies in accounting is less investigated. Therefore, this study endeavoured to identify the internet-based technologies that are used in the Sri Lankan banking sector, and identify the perceptions of the banking professionals on the underlying reasons for the limited adoption of internet-based technologies in accounting. Seventeen online interviews were conducted in two large licensed commercial banks, and data were analyzed inductively; the results are discussed, using the process of institutionalization by Tolbert and Zucker (1996) and the Technology acceptance model by Davis (1989). Robotic process automation (RPA), data analytics, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing were used at the banks at varying levels. Lack of technical knowledge and experience in using technology among accounting professionals; fear/reluctance in adopting advanced IT solutions; feeling of undue influence from IT staff; and the already institutionalized accounting practices resulted in lack of adoption. These technologies are still at the stage of pre-institutionalization, and for them to reach full institutionalization stage, improving the current levels of IT skills of accounting professionals; incorporating IT skills into their skill set; attempts for more rationalization/theorizing; facilitating the visualization of positive outcomes; increasing interest group advocacy; and an increase in the perceived usefulness and ease of use among staff is necessary. This study’s findings enable the promotion of internet-based technologies within banks and open new avenues for research.

Muhtâr es-Sekafî Hareketinde Kabile Örgüsü ve Mevâlînin Rolü

Mukhtar b. Abu Ubayd as-Sekafî started a Kufa-centered movement against the Zubayris and Umayyads in 685-686 by claiming that he was commissioned by Muhammad B. Hanafiyah to “avenge the Prophet Husayn and protect the oppressed”. Mukhtar’s movement, which succeeded in a short time and took over Iraq, declined at the same pace and disappeared in a short period of one and a half years. In this article, the nature of the relationship developed by the tribes in Kufa and the Iranian people against this movement is examined. Umayyads's removal of Prophet Ali's children from power and discrimination against Iranian mawali increased the dissatisfaction of these two groups. Mukhtar designed his entire strategy to fight against his enemies through the supporters of Ali and the mawali. The rhetoric in his agenda, “to avenge Hussein and to protect the powerless,” appealed to both groups. At the beginning of the movement, Mukhtar received the greatest support from Arab tribes, the majority of whom were Yemenis. At first, the Iranian followers, initially who had taken a distant attitude towards Mukhtar, actively supported Mukhtar, convinced that thanks to this movement there could be an improvement in their socio-economic status and that they could be freed from the yoke of the Arab tribes. Mukhtar, who turned the martyrdom of Prophet Hussein in his favor with a subtle policy, managed to capture Iraq, Iraq-ı Ajam (Cibal) and the entire region of al-Jazira except Basra in a short time with the support of the Yemeni tribes and the mawali. This movement owes its first success to the Yemeni tribes in Kufa. The Yemenis, who saw the movement’s motor power throughout Mukhtar’s rebellion, played a major role in the success and failure of this movement. In the process, the presence and influence of the Iranian mawali in the movement has increased. Mukhtar’s high value for the mawali caused the Arab tribal leaders to distance themselves from him. Adnânî and Yemeni chieftains, who wanted to intervene before the threat of Mawali grew, organized a coup attempt against Mukhtar. With the coup, they wanted to take them to the old socio-economic order in Kufa. However, this coup attempt was abandoned by the opposition of the Yemeni Mezhic tribe, also led by Ibrahim b. al-Ashtar an-Nahaî. When the Kufa tribal chieftains, who had taken refuge in Basra after the failed coup attempt, provoked the Zubayris in Basra and the Mukhtar came face to face, Mukhtar’s movement was eliminated before it could proceed to the institutionalization stage. Just as the greatest share in the development and rise of the Mukhtar Movement belongs to the Yemeni tribes and the mawali, the greatest share in the decline of the movement belongs to the Yemeni tribes. The Iranian elements’ discomfort with Arab nationalism in the first century led them to enter into anti-Umayyad opposition movements. Knowing that the Mawali were disturbed by the Arabist attitudes of the Umayyads and the Arab chieftains, Mukhtar took advantage of the opportunity by developing discourses such as “equality”, “justice” and “protection of the oppressed” that would be pleasing to their ears. Due to his fierce need for the mawali, Mukhtar equated the mawali with the Arabs by putting his discourses into practice during his two-year rule. Mawali’s approach to the Mukhtar movement is “a tool that offers them the opportunity to live on an equal status with the Arabs.” Just as the Mukhtar uses the mawali to achieve his own political aims; the Mawali also used Mukhtar’s movement to break the shackles of bondage. The solidarity prevailed by the mutual “win & win” mentality does not make Mukhtar a tireless defender of his mawali rights, nor does it make the mawali a fierce supporter of Prophet Ali. In the developed relationship, the parties have different expectations and interests. In other words, not because the mawali was a Prophet Ali sympathizer, but because they used the Mukhtar movement as a stepping stone and united around the Mukhtar to raise his status. The injustices done by the Umayyads to the children of Prophet Ali made the supporters of Ali; the injustices that were seen by the Arabs brought the mawali closer to Mukhtar.

The Formation of Feudal and Christian Socialism in British Public Thought in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century

The article is devoted to posing the question of the formation of feudal and/or Christian socialism in the first half and middle of the 19th century in Great Britain in an All- European context. The doctrine of K. Marx and F. Engels about feudal socialism and its lack of clarity in Soviet historiography are considered. The question is raised as to which of the thinkers before 1848 the characteristics of feudal socialism from the “Manifesto of the Communist Party” could refer. The article focuses on the formation of the socio-economic and political views of W. Cobbet and representatives of the “Lake School”: W. Wordsworth, S.T. Coleridge, R. Southey. An assessment is made of the combination of their patriarchal landowner conservatism with peasant radicalism and the protection of workers’ rights, as well as their reception in Russia. The socio-economic doctrine of T. Carlyle and the question of the relationship between his early and late works are being addressed in a broad historiographical context. The work of Carlyle is regarded as a turning point in the history of British feudal socialism, and the activities of the “Cambridge Apostles” in 1848–1854 (F.D. Maurice, C. Kingsley, J.M. Ludlow) are interpreted as the transition of Christian socialism to the stage of institutionalization with serious practical results