Stages Of House Fly Research Articles

Evaluation of the Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticle AgNP on Stages of Housefly, Musca domestica L.

The current study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of silver AgNPs nanoparticles by dipping and feeding methods and for five concentrations (800, 400, 200, 100, 50) ppm in the stages of the house fly Musca domestica L., the concentration of 800 ppm caused an emergence inhibition rate of 100 %, while the lowest inhibition rate was at a concentration of 50 ppm, which amounted to 36% by immersion method after ten days of treatment, while the value of LC50 (the concentration that kills 50% of insects) reached (422.711) ppm. While the percentage of inhibition by feeding method reached 93% at a concentration of 800 ppm, and the concentration of 50 ppm gave the lowest inhibition rate of 43% and for the same time period, and the value of LC50 (794.099) ppm. For both methods. The results also showed that all concentrations had an effect on the natural development of the growth of the different stages and caused the appearance of deformations in the pupa and the adult and a decrease in the percentage of the appearance of the adult. The results showed that the effect of silver nanoparticles by dipping method was higher than by feeding method for all phases.

Susceptibility of adult and larval stages of housefly, Musca domestica to entomopathogenic fungal biopesticides

ABSTRACT The current study assessed the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungal (EPF) biopesticides against adult and larval stages of houseflies, Musca domestica L. under laboratory conditions. Six commercial EPF biopesticides were selected for virulence tests; three strains of Beauveria bassiana (HF23 in the product balEnce™, GHA in the product Botanigard ES and ATCC 74040 in the product Naturalis-L), one strain of Metarhizium brunneum (F52 in the product Met52®), one strain of Lecanicillium muscarium (KV01 in the product Mycotal®), and one strain of Isaria fumosorosea (Apopka 97, in the product Preferal WG). Adult and larval stages of houseflies were sprayed with 2 ml of a conidial concentration (108 conidia ml−1) of each EPF biopesticide individually using a Potter tower. The results showed that balEnce™ and Botanigard ES were significantly the highest efficacy against adults and larvae of M. domestica, compared to other EPF biopesticides. The mean conidial concentration (LC50) for adults and larvae of M. domestica exposed to balEnce™ was 4.7 × 105 conidia ml−1 and 4.8 × 105 conidia ml−1 respectively, which was not significantly different from LC50 value of Botanigard ES (6.0 × 105 and 4.6 × 105 conidia ml−1). The mean lethal time (LT50) values of balEnce™ and Botanigard ES were significantly shorter at 109 and 108 than other conidial concentrations. balEnce™ or Botanigard ES caused 44–94% reduction in daily fecundity of the adult females from day 3 to day 10 post-treatment. Results demonstrated that EPF biopesticides balEnce™ and Botanigard ES have potential as biocontrol agents of M. domestica but further research under operational conditions is required.

The efficacy of Insecticide Indoxacarb (Avaunt) against larval stage of House fly Musca domestica L.

Indoxacarb is a recently presented oxadiazine insecticide with activity against an extensive range of pests, including house flies. The efficacy of Avaunt (Indoxacarb 15% EC) on newly ecdysed 2nd and 3rd instar Musca domestica L. larvae was evaluated. Chemical concentrations tested fluctuated from 20 to 100 ppm of indoxacarb, that indoxacarb Observations revealed caused quick mortality at doses >50 ppm. At concentrations below 50 ppm, it acquired longer for indoxacarb to cause 100% mortality. In the food treated 100% mortality for the 2nd and 3rd instar larvae caused within 48 to 144 hrs. and 72 to 144 hrs. respectively, as well as in spray treated caused within 48 to 144 hrs. and 96 to 144 hrs. respectively. Indicated that ingesting indoxacarb was highly toxic to the second and third instars of M. domestica. The LC590 values of indoxacarb exceeded the highest concentrations tested 100 ppm. LC50 for 2nd and 3rd larvae exposed to food treated were 19.18, 10.78 and 10.08 and 14.281, 12.40 and 9.876 ppm at 24, 48 and 72 hrs respectively. LC50 for 2nd and 3rd larvae exposed to spray treated were 23.54, 14.73 and 9.52 and 23.564, 9.330 and 7.912 at 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Results of the conducted bioassay showed that 2nd instars were more vulnerable than the 3rd instars as the LC50 and LC90 values.