The aim: to determine the effectiveness of lymphotropic antibacterial therapy of acute lymphadenitis in children.Materials and methods. To solve this problem at the Surgical department №2 of Kiev City Children’s Hospital № 1 there were selected 60 patients aged 3 years with acute bacterial LA of various locations. According to recent antibiotic therapy method the patients were divided into two groups of 30 people: lymphotropic injections were administered in the first (comparative) group and parenteral injections - in the second (control) one. Each of the groups was divided in two subgroups depending on the stage of inflammation, exudative phase-change infiltration and abscess formation. The distribution of patients in these groups according to the age, process locations was equal. Regional lymphotropic injection was carried out in the area between the first and second fingers, feet toes or mastoid area according to the traditional method by using 0,25% novocaine. Lymphotropic gentamicin ingections were administered at a dose of 1 mg / kg / day with 24- hour intervals between doses during the first two days, later with the day and night interval, parenterally there was administered gentamicin at a dose of 2mg / kg / day with 8- hour interval.The local treatment of serous lymphadenitis was carried out by dimexide and rifampicin solution applications and UHF therapy, in case of abscess formation surgical intervention was performed. Dynamic temperature response, laboratory parameters (level of white blood cells and differential leukocyte count, ESR), ultrasound pictures and local reactions indices were used to evaluate the results. The criterion for discontinuing the antibiotic therapy was the normalization of body temperature, positive dynamics of local changes and ultrasound data, normalization of laboratory parameters.Results. The following figures were received during the study. For the time of hospitalization 53% of children, mostly younger aged, with LA in cervical-maxillofacial area suffered from deteriorated health condition. The temperature rise was observed in 86.6% (52) of cases, but it reached hectic values only in 13.3% (8) of cases. At purulent LA after surgery, the temperature normalized during the first day in 61.1% of children (11) of the comparative group, and by the end of the second day - in 94.4% (17), whereas in the control group this index was normal in 88.8% (16) of patients only for the third day. In case of serous LA the normal temperature reaction was observed on the third day of the LT in 83.3% (10) of cases in the comparative group, whereas in the control group it was 66.7% (8).At the time of hospital admission the laboratory data in both groups indicated the inflammation: leukocytosis with a shift to the left in the differential count in 80% (48) of cases, increased ESR in 60% (36) of cases and the high C-reactive protein concentration in 76.6% (46) cases. When using lymphotropic antibacterial therapy (comparative group) there was observed accelerated normalization of the laboratory values: on the third day the leukocytes level and differential leukocyte count were within the age norm in 93.3% of patients, whereas in the control group such result was observed only on the fifth day. ESR levels were moderately elevated in both groups and were normalized slower.Postsurgical wound healing in both groups was simultaneous, by contrast with acute serous LA, where the comparison group experienced faster normalization, especially when concerned the reduced swelling of lymph nodes and local pain.The average number of lymphotropic injections of AB was 4 and the parenteral injections were 10. The average bed day in the control group with acute purulent LA was 7.0, while in case of serous LA it was 8.3, whereas in the control - 9.5 respectively.Conclusions.1.The use of lymphotropic therapy in acute lymphadenitis in children is pathogenetically substantiated.2.There was observed quicker normalization of temperature reactions, laboratory parameters and local manifestations when using lymphotropic antibacterial therapy in the treatment of bacterial lymphadenitis, both in the stage of serous inflammation and abscess formation3. The use of lymphotropic therapy in two children with the early stage of the lymph nodes destruction (according to ultrasound data) has allowed to avoid festering and achieve recovery conservatively.4. The use of regional lymphotropic administration of AB in case of this pathology makes it possible to insert the drug 1 time every 24-48 hours and thereby 2-3 times reduce the total dosage, as well as the number of injections. It is important, not only economically, but also taking into account the sensitization reduction and toxic effects of antibiotic therapy.