Stages Of Adult Life Research Articles

Life satisfaction across four stages of adult life.

This investigation examines, via multivariate analysis, the effect of financial situation, health, standard of living and family life upon the life satisfaction of adult men and women. The stages of adulthood examined here include: Early Adulthood (ages 22--34). Early Middle Age (ages 35--44), Late Middle Age (ages 45--64), and Late Adulthood (ages 65 and older). The data used in this analysis were collected from a national probability sample (N = 2164), but the present study includes only persons twenty-two years or older with a response for each item under investigations (N = 1786). Life satisfaction was relatively high for both men and women at each stage across the lifespan. It was noted, however, that for men life satisfaction is related to age stage in a monotonic increasing fashion. On the other hand, life satisfaction scores remained relatively constant across the age stages for women. Family life and standard of living were found to be significant determinants of life satisfaction, for both sexes at each stage of adulthood.

An oligosaccharide component in proteoglycans of articular cartilage

Two types of sialic acid-containing component are released from articular cartilage proteoglycan monomer (D1) treated with 0.05 M NaOH containing 1 M NaBH 4. The smaller component, which has not been described before, contains galactosamine, glucosamine, galactose and sialic acid (Molar ratio 1:1:1:2). It is eluted from ECTEOLA-cellulose with low molarity (0.4 M) sodium formate and has a K av of 0.70 on Bio-gel P30. Its presence on the proteoglycan monomer was demonstrated at all stages of foetal and adult life.

The respiratory metabolism of insect flight muscle during adult maturation

As the maturation of honeybee flight muscle proceeded, distinct patterns in the development of the energetic capabilities of the mitochondria were apparent. Mitochondrial ATPase and ATP-Pi exchange activities were evident in newly emerged bees and exhibited generally parallel increases in activity with increasing age. Respiratory control by ADP concentration, however, was not apparent in mitochondrial preparations from young, 1-day- and 4-day-old bees. Also, phosphorylation linked to the oxidation of succinate, α-glycero-P or pyruvate + malate was either not apparent or at best negligible during this period of adult life. This, however, may be due to an age-related fragility of the mitochondria rather than to an actual lack of these attributes. The mitochondrial α-glycero-P oxidase system appeared to exhibit considerable activity even during the early stages of adult life after emergence. Most likely, the operation of this system is responsible for mediating a significant portion of the energy production for the limited flight activity exhibited by bees during the early stages of adult life. The pyruvate metabolizing system was not fully functional until relatively late in adult maturation (16–20 days after emergence). This would appear to indicate that sustained flight, exhibited by fully matured flying bees, is possible only when the Krebs cycle is in a fully functional state.