Reduction Stage Research Articles

Guru Sebagai Role Model Pribadi yang Baik dalam Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran di Kelas

This article aims to find out teachers as role models in education and learning in the classroom. This research approach is a qualitative approach with the method used in this article literature study. This research is a type of research that collects data from literature. Primary data was obtained from reading reference books, journals, and websites. Data analysis with the stages of data analysis of the Miles and Huberman model with stages of data reduction, data presentation, and verification or conclusion. The validity test of data in qualitative research includes internal validity, external validity, reliability, and objectivity tests. The findings of this research are that for a teacher to be able to carry out the mandate given to him; he must always get closer to Allah SWT. Being a teacher is a hard job, but in this way the position of a teacher becomes noble. For a teacher to be able to carry out his role well, they must be able to be role models for their students. Teachers must be good individuals who are always the Qur'an and Hadith as a guide in doing and behaving. Some of the behaviors that must be possessed by teachers to become a role for their students include teachers must have strong faith, teachers must have good work quality, and teachers must be useful to others.

Membuka Peluang Menyelami Pendidikan Multikultural di Era Digital

This article aims to find out the role of multicultural education in the digital era. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. The stages of this method include collecting related references through journal publication sources, namely google scholar, selecting and then analyzing concepts and ideas that are important points to be used as the basis for this research. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the analysis show that multicultural education has an important role in preparing the young generation to face the challenges of the digital era by understanding and appreciating cultural diversity, as well as incorporating local wisdom values in the learning process. In the digital era, the challenges faced by multicultural education are increasingly complex, ranging from the spread of hate speech to the influence of foreign ideologies that can damage national values. Civic education must be strengthened with a strong multicultural foundation. This is important to form a civic awareness that respects diversity, as well as building a sense of love for the homeland and loyalty to the nation. Multicultural-based civic education can utilize technology to broaden students' horizons about cultural diversity and global challenges. Multicultural education in the digital era is not only a challenge but also a great opportunity to create a young generation with character, integrity, and ready to face the changing times

An innovative process for recovery of ilmenite using mineral phase transformation followed by magnetic separation

Recovery of fine ilmenite is challenging, resulting in significant waste of titanium resources. In this paper, the mineral phase transformation technology was proposed to strengthen the surface magnetism of fine ilmenite. The results demonstrated that in the oxidation stage, the suitable oxidation temperature was 700 °C and the oxidation time was 30 min. In the reduction stage, the ideal reduction temperature was 575 °C, the CO concentration was 20 %, and the reduction time was 3 min. Under the optimized roasting conditions, the roasted sample was separated by staged low-intensity magnetic separation, and titanium concentrate with a TiO2 grade of 46.24 % and recovery of 67.62 % was obtained. The XRD, SEM and VSM analysis implied that the oxidation products of ilmenite were hematite and rutile, where hematite was enriched on the surface of the particles and formed a layer of 2–5 μm. After reduction roasting, the hematite layer was directionally transformed into magnetite, which significantly enhanced the magnetism of the particles and created conditions for the recovery of titanium by low-intensity magnetic separation.

Evaluation Of the Cipp Model Program in Implementing the Toefl Test at Upt Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka

This research aims to evaluate the implementation of the TOEFL test at Sembilanbelas November University Kolaka using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. The research method used is evaluation research with a qualitative approach. This research sample involved the Language UPT of Sembilanbelas November Kolaka University as the research subject, with a focus on the implementation of the TOEFL test and related programs. Data was obtained through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. The collected data was analyzed using the data analysis model from Miles and Huberman, which includes data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing stages. The research results show that the implementation of the TOEFL test at the UPT Bahasa Sembilanbelas November Kolaka University has several weaknesses, especially related to inadequate physical facilities, lack of training for instructors, and lack of flexibility in the test implementation schedule. Despite this, the program was successful in improving participants' English language skills, although there is still a need to focus more on developing broader practical and communication skills. This evaluation provides recommendations for improvement and further development in the implementation of the TOEFL test program, with the hope that these steps will improve the quality of test implementation and provide a greater contribution to students' academic and professional progress.

Pelaksanaan Mekanisme Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) di Kota Medan

The PKH mechanism is also regulated based on Minister of Social Affairs Regulation No. Minister of Social Affairs Regulation no. 1 of 2018 concerning the Family Hope Program, which includes planning, determining prospective PKH participants, validating data on potential PKH beneficiary recipients, determining PKH beneficiary families, distributing PKH social assistance, PKH assistance, increasing family capacity, verifying PKH KPM commitments, updating data KPM PKH, transformation of PKH participation. The type of research used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The data sources in this research are primary data and secondary data. The research informants were the Head of the Medan City Social Service, Secretary of the Social Service, Coordinator of the Family Hope Program Implementation Unit, beneficiary family recipients, and Head of the KPM Group. Data collection techniques can be done in several ways, namely interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques: data collection stage, data reduction stage, data presentation stage and conclusion drawing stage. Research results: In general, the PKH implementation mechanism is based on Article 32 of the Ministry of Social Affairs Regulation No. 1 of 2018, there are 10 stages in the PKH implementation mechanism, all the main processes in implementing PKH activities always involve the Social Services and PKH Facilitators and are in accordance with the PKH implementation guidelines, but have not been implemented optimally as per the stage mechanism that has been regulated. This can be seen starting from the planning process which is hampered by data proposing additional PKH beneficiary members being far from what was planned, so that it does not cover all the poor people in Medan City who receive social assistance from the Family Hope Program, the time for validating data on potential recipients is relatively short, resulting in the determination of PKH beneficiary families that are not on target.

Effect of SiO2 content in magnesia flux pellets on softening-melting and dripping behavior of comprehensive burden structure

High-proportion pellet smelting is the current development direction of blast furnace burden structures in China. And that is an inevitable trend for the future steel industry to achieve pollution reduction and carbon reduction. This study focuses on the mixed burden of magnesia flux pellets with different SiO2 contents, sinter, and lump ore. The influence of SiO2 content on the softening-melting behavior of comprehensive burden and the high-temperature interaction between magnesia flux pellets and sinter were studied through droplet experiments and visual experiments. The results show that with increasing SiO2 content, the T10 of magnesia flux pellets gradually decreases, while the T10 of the comprehensive burden shows no significant change. The TS of both shows a gradually decreasing trend with increasing SiO2 content. However, due to the good matching of the melting range between sinter and magnesia flux pellets in the comprehensive burden, the trend of TS change in the comprehensive burden is relatively slow. The air permeability of the comprehensive burden has significantly improved compared with the single magnesia flux pellets; The interaction between magnesia flux pellets and sinter occurs through the liquid phase. The fayalite phase in the pellets reacts with the main high melting point substance Ca2SiO4 in the sinter to generate a new low melting point kirschsteinite. With the increase of SiO2 content, the content of kirschsteinite in the comprehensive burden increases. That is also the reason for the decrease in TS of the high silicon comprehensive burden; With the increase of SiO2 content, the maximum pressure difference and characteristic values of magnesia flux pellets and comprehensive burden gradually increase. When the SiO2 content exceeds 6%, the maximum pressure difference and characteristic value of a single pellet sharply increase, while the trend of the maximum pressure difference and characteristic value change of comprehensive burden is relatively gentle. Its characteristic values are below 980 kPa·°C. At this time, the air permeability of the comprehensive burden is significantly improved compared to the single magnesia flux pellets. In the case of SiO2 content exceeding 6%, the addition of a sinter can effectively address the soft melting performance of high-silica magnesia flux pellets and enhance column air permeability. In addition, the high drop temperature of the high-silica comprehensive burden is due to the presence of a large amount of MgO in the magnesia wustite during the later stage of reduction, which increases the melting point. And the MgO content in the slag is relatively low. That causes a sharp increase in slag viscosity and makes it difficult to separate the slag from iron.

Perception and Practices of Health Data Privacy Protection among Consumers: An Empirical Study in One of Indonesia's Major Cities

Online information exchange has become commonplace in today's digital era, especially in the health sector. However, this also raises concerns regarding personal data privacy, especially health data. This study analyses consumers' perceptions and practices of health data privacy protection. The empirical method is used in this research. The data collection techniques used were literature studies, direct observation, and interviews. After the data is obtained, it is analysed through the stages of reduction, presentation of data, and conclusion. The results showed that consumers in Jakarta have a high level of perception of the importance of health data privacy; consumers understand that health data is sensitive information that needs to be protected. The law regarding the protection of consumer health data privacy in Indonesia is Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection. Practices in carrying out the personal data protection function by officers involve providing information and consultation to those in control of personal data to ensure compliance with the Personal Data Protection Law, monitoring to ensure that the rules applied by those in control of individual data are by the provisions of the applicable requirements, providing advice regarding the impact of personal data protection as well as monitoring the performance of individual data controllers and coordinating and taking action on issues related to activities in processing personal data.

Strategi Bela Negara untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Nasional di Era Globalisasi

Pancasila is often seen as an ideology that deals with global ideologies, such as capitalism and liberalism. The Pancasila that was built is for common welfare and social justice for all Indonesian people. This article aims to find out the national defense strategies that can be carried out to increase national resilience in the era of globalization. This research uses a qualitative approach through the literature study method. The main source of this research data is the research article published through google scholar. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the dynamic implementation of Pancasila values in the life of society, nation, and state so that Pancasila remains relevant in its function as a guideline for decision-making and problem-solving in the life of the nation and state, and so that the loyalty of citizens and citizens to Pancasila is maintained. In the era of globalization, the strategy of defending the country is very important to increase national resilience. Therefore, governments, communities, and non-governmental organizations must work together to create effective national defense strategies to ensure national security and resilience and increase public awareness of the importance of national defense to enhance national resilience

Efektivitas Penerapan Permainan Tradisional dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Siswa pada Pembelajaran PJOK

Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) is a very important part of the school curriculum, it aims to improve physical fitness, improve motor skills, and maintain students' mental health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of game-based learning, especially in traditional games, to increase students' active participation in PJOK subjects in schools. The research method used in this study is literature review, where researchers examine and identify journals in a structured manner throughout the process by following established procedures. The search for journal articles obtained 10 articles from 2018 to 2024, by searching and reviewing journals, books and articles using the keywords games, learning, and PJOK. Searches for research articles that have been published on social media go through open access channels such as Google Scholar. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The findings of this study are that game-based PJOK learning usually makes students more interested and more actively involved in lessons. This shows that game-based learning can play a significant role in increasing students' interest and participation in PJOK subjects. As a result, it is important to incorporate this approach into learning practices in schools to achieve PJOK goals and improve students' learning experiences

Implementasi Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Kerja

Work motivation is an important factor in improving employee performance and achieving organizational goals. Human Resource Management (HRM) plays a crucial role in motivating employees through various strategies and policies. The method used in this study is a type of qualitative research. The data sources obtained in this study are from the results of library research from various sources. The main source of data for this research is the results of research published on google scholar. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of this study are obtained how the role of human resource management in increasing work motivation, effective human resource management strategies and policies to increase work motivation, as well as challenges and solutions in the implementation of human resource management to increase work motivation

Analisis Kesalahan Fonologi Membaca Teks Bahasa Arab Pada Siswi Kelas VII MTs Putri Ma’arif Ponorogo

This study aims to describe the forms of phonological errors, phonological error factors, and solutions to phonological errors in reading Arabic texts in class VII students of MTs Putri Ma'arif Ponorogo. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type of research. Methods of data collection is done by using the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by going through the stages of data reduction, data display, and data verification or drawing conclusions. Data validity test was carried out using the triangulation method. The results of this study indicate that (1) the form of phonological errors in reading Arabic texts is in the form of phoneme changes, phoneme subtraction, and phoneme addition. (2) the factors that cause phonological errors are the background of the students before entering MTs, the lack of interest in learning Arabic, the lack of concentration of students when learning takes place in class, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and whether or not the students often read the Al-Qur'an at home. (3) the solution given by the teacher to deal with phonological errors is to provide more material to children who are lacking in mastering reading skills, prepare facilities and infrastructure that have not been fulfilled as learning support, provide motivation about the importance of learning Arabic, and emphasize learning on their own at school House.

Integrasi Nasional dalam Rangka Persatuan dan Kesatuan Bangsa

National integration is the process of uniting various social and cultural groups in a country to form a harmonious unity. National integration is an effort to integrate ethnic, religious, linguistic, and cultural diversity into a solid national unity. This research utilizes the library research method, which involves analysis and learning from various reference sources, journal articles, books, and previous research The main source of data is research articles published in the last 10 years through the google scholar website. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the analysis show that the national integration process involves various aspects, such as education that prioritizes national values, policies for equitable development, and fair law enforcement. In addition, community participation in maintaining harmony between groups and promoting tolerance is also very crucial. The challenges faced in national integration include the potential for disintegration due to differences in interests and social injustices, as well as the threat of ideologies that are contrary to the values of Pancasila

The Role of Teachers in Creating a Child-Friendly School at TK Negeri Pembina Gianyar Bali

Early childhood education is the first formal education that young children attend. Children’s joyful experiences at this educational stage become crucial because they lay the foundation for a love of learning, a love of education, and lifelong learning. In 2015, the Indonesian Government initiated the program of “Sekolah Ramah Anak” (Children-Friendly School) to serve the right of children to gain knowledge at schools. Teachers possess important roles in Children Friendly Schools. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of teachers in a Children-Friendly School, TK Negeri Pembina Gianyar - Bali. This research applies the qualitative-descriptive method. The research method used is qualitative, the purpose of this study uses qualitative research so that researchers can describe a that occurs such as the role of teachers in child-friendly schools. The sample in this study was 11 teachers with a minimum teaching experience of 5 years. Data collection techniques in this study used interviews. Data analysis in this study was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, then conclusions (Miles and Huberman). The result explains that the teachers in TK Negeri Pembina Gianyar - Bali have various roles, such as facilitators, mentors, and motivators. They involve children, school staff, parents, and the community to establish a children-friendly environment.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Disiplin Kerja Guru di MAN 2 Kota Bukittinggi

Teacher work discipline is one of the important factors in realizing an effective and quality teaching and learning process in schools. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect teacher work discipline in MAN 2 Bukittinggi city. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method. Data collection is carried out through various literature, namely scientific articles sourced from Google Scholar, books, and other documents relevant to the fokus of this research. Data collection was carried out online using the keyword "teacher work discipline". Data analysis is carried out descriptively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the most dominant factors affecting teachers' work discipline in MAN 2 Bukittinggi City are work motivation, teacher welfare, and school leadership. Other factors such as teacher commitment, teacher competence, teacher health, school culture, work environment, and government policies also have a significant influence on teacher work discipline

Pandangan Masyarakat terhadap Demokrasi Pemilu di Indonesia dengan Berlandaskan Pancasila dan UUD 1945

This article aims to find out the public's views on electoral democracy in Indonesia based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach, through the literature review method. The main source of research data is research articles that are relevant to the focus of this article's problem and published through the google scholar website in the last 10 years. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the analysis show that democracy includes social, economic, and cultural conditions that require free political liberation and provide an opportunity for the emergence of opinions of respect for the existence of people for participation in the life of the state, and to be respected by the community. Each country has its own characteristics in exercising public power or democracy. This is because the history of a country describes the culture, way of life, and desires to be achieved. The state has an obligation and authority to organize a democratic process based on the law and the basic principles of democracy. It is important to restore democratic life based on laws based on Pancasila values

Pancasila sebagai Sistem Etika

Pancasila and ethics are intertwined because they both teach positive values. Pancasila ethics are based on Pancasila values, such as divinity, humanity, unity, populism, and justice. From these values, the Pancasila ethical system emerged which serves as a guideline for individual behavior in social life in Indonesia. The Pancasila ethical system continues to be developed in its implementation, so that every step and effort of the Indonesian people in achieving common goals can be directed correctly. This research uses a qualitative approach with literature study methods or literature research. This research focuses on written works, including research results that have been published. The main source of data for this article is the results of research published through google scholar. Data collection is carried out using the keywords "Pancasila" and "ethical system". Data analysis was carried out qualitatively with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The findings of this research are that the application of Pancasila as an ethical system is moral guidance that can be actualized into concrete actions, involving various aspects of life. Pancasila as a state ethical system also needs to be applied as the foundation of morality and state integrity that is hidden in every individual citizen so that he can master spiritual and mental attitudes in community life. Critical-analytical studies are also needed to find out if the element of subjectivity is fanatical and avoidable

Management of Treatise Conference Information System (SIFASRAPI) DPRD Secretariat of North Sulawesi Province

The aim is to find out the management of SIFASRAPI at the DPRD Secretariat of North Sulawesi Province, specifically in the Session Section of the DPRD of North Sulawesi Province. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation methods. Data processing techniques with stages of data reduction, data presentation, and verification. This research highlights the management of the Session Minutes Information System (SIFASRAPI) at the DPRD Secretariat of North Sulawesi Province, both in the planning, budgeting, and reporting or evaluation processes. SIFASRAPI encountered obstacles, including problems with human resources, supporting facilities, and infrastructure such as the internet network and the imperfect SIFASRAPI application, which became an obstacle to the implementation of SIFASRAPI at the DPRD Secretariat of North Sulawesi Province. Based on the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that SIFASRAPI management at the DPRD Secretariat has been running well and it is recommended that the Regional Government increase the capacity of Human Resources, repair, and increase supporting facilities and infrastructure as well as for the Provincial Government to help provide input for the development of the SIFASRAPI Application.

A frost heave pressure model for fractured rocks subjected to repeated freeze-thaw deterioration

Rock engineering in the Tibetan Plateau is usually suffered severe freeze-thaw (F-T) deterioration, triggering numerous geotechnical engineering disasters. As the essential triggering factor of F-T damage, the frost heave pressure (FHP) in rocks should be quantitatively described and predicted. In this study, a novel theoretical model is established and validated to estimate the critical entire evolution process of FHP in fractured rocks subjected to repeated F-T deterioration, in which the influence of fracture geometric configuration, rock mechanical properties and F-T conditions are comprehensively considered. Besides, given the obvious five-stage manner of FHP evolution, the combination effect of different dominant mechanisms in different stages is theoretically addressed. During freezing, after a silence stage induced by temperature above freezing point of water, volumetric expansion and frost-heave cracking separately controls the generation and reduction stages of FHP, and the solutions are obtained based on elastic mechanics and Griffith energy balance theory, respectively. During thawing, ice segregation dominates the second-arising stage of FHP that is quantitatively described via segregation potential and water migration velocity, and then the FHP enters the dissipation stage owing to complete melting of fracture ice. In addition, a decay coefficient is introduced to estimate the influence of F-T cycle number on FHP, and a piecewise FHP model is finally constructed for fractured rocks subjected to repeated F-T deterioration. To validate our new model, a total of 12 F-T cycle tests with real-time FHP monitoring are conducted on granite and sandstone specimens considering three typical influencing factors, i.e., fracture width, rock types and freezing temperatures. A rational consistency is identified between the theoretical and testing results in terms of the FHP evolution curves and the peak FHPs in rock fracture, demonstrating the generalizability and robustness of our proposed model.

Mixing Codes in Comments on Youtube Video Posts Debate for Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates for the 2024 Election

This February, Indonesia will hold a democratic party to elect members of parliament and the president. Of course, the political and national atmosphere became warm with various political ripples and upheavals occurring, including political campaign activities, both political party campaigns and campaigns for Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates. Various attributes and activities of political campaign speeches are interesting to study from various aspects, including the aspect of language use. This research aims to identify forms of code mixing found in KompasTV YouTube comments. This research method uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data for this research are comments from internet users (netizens) that researchers observed through screenshots from the comments column on the KompasTV YouTube channel. The data comes from the comments column of the KompasTV YouTube channel which contains elements of code mixing. Data collection techniques use listening, note-taking and documentation techniques. Data were analyzed using the Mills and Huberman model through the stages of data identification, data reduction, data analysis, and data presentation. Based on the research results, it was concluded that the code mixing that many netizens do in the comments column occurs at the word level. This is very possible because comments in word form are simpler, more practical and "to the point".

Mirror Plane Effect of Magnetoplumbite-Type Oxide Restraining Long-Chain Polysulfides Disproportionation for High Loading Lithium Sulfur Batteries.

A facile solid-state approach is employed to synthesize a novel magnetoplumbite-type oxide of NdMgAl11O19, which integrates spinel-stacking layers (MgAl2O4) with Nd-O6 mirror plane structures. The resulting NdMgAl11O19 exhibits remarkable catalytic activity and conversion efficiency during the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) in lithium-sulfur batteries. By employing the 2D projection mapping technique of in situ confocal Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical technique, it is discovered that the exposed mirror plane structure of Nd-O6 can effectively suppress the undesiring disproportionation reaction (S8 2-→S6 2-+1/4 S8) of long-chain lithium polysulfides at the initial stages of sulfur reduction, thereby promoting the positive process of sulfur to lithium sulfide. This not only mitigates the issue of sulfur shuttle loss but also significantly improve the kinetics of the conversion process. Leveraging these advantages, the NdMgAl11O19/S cathode delivered an impressive initial capacity of up to 1398 mAh g-1 at an electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio of 5.1µL mg-1 and a sulfur loading of 2.3mg cm-2. Even when the sulfur loading is increased to 10.02mg cm-2, the cathode retained a reversible areal capacity of 10.01 mAh cm-2 after 200 cycles. This mirror engineering strategy provides valuable and universal insights into enhancing the efficiency of cathodes in Li-S battery.