Stages Of Weight Loss Research Articles

Disentangling the obesity paradox in upper gastrointestinal cancers: Weight loss matters more than body mass index

ObjectivesThe obesity paradox, whereby obesity appears to confer protection against cancer-related mortality, remains controversial. This has not yet been evaluated in upper gastrointestinal cancers. DesignsWe identified esophageal, cardia, and non-cardia gastric adenocarcinomas in the Veterans Health Administration between 2006–2016. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models evaluate the impact of BMI at- and prior to- cancer diagnosis on mortality, adjusting for demographics, clinical characteristics, weight loss, and clinical stage (early: T1B/2N0; locally advanced: ≥T2N+). ResultsWe identify 1308 patients: 99 % male, median 66 years. In early disease, relative to BMI 30, BMI 18 and 20 at diagnosis had increased risk of death (HR 1.83, 95 %CI: 1.38–2.44 and HR 1.50, 95 %CI: 1.20–1.87, respectively, p < 0.0001). Patients with BMI > 30 did not. In locally advanced disease, at diagnosis BMI 18 (HR 1.58, 95 %CI: 1.0001–1.48, p = 0.05), BMI 20 (HR 1.46, 95 %CI: 1.01–2.09, p = 0.04), and BMI 25 (HR 1.20, 95 %CI: 1.04–1.38, p = 0.01) had increased risk of death, but BMI > 30 did not.In models assessing premorbid BMI and weight loss, increasing amounts of weight loss were associated with mortality independent of BMI in early cancers. For locally advanced cancers, without weight loss, there was no association with death, regardless of BMI. ConclusionThe predominant driver of mortality across clinical stages is weight loss. The obesity paradox appears to exist in early stage disease only. Future studies should investigate mechanisms for the obesity paradox, accompanying physiologic changes with weight loss preceding diagnosis, and if patients with low BMI and weight loss benefit from early nutritional support.

Efficacy of Dietary Manipulations for Depleting Intrahepatic Triglyceride Content: Implications for the Management of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Understanding the effects of dietary manipulations on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) balance will have important implications for the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Reducing calorie intake to induce weight loss is the most potent intervention to decrease IHTG. Carbohydrate restriction during the initial stages of weight loss may be particularly beneficial, but at later stages, the amount of weight loss predominates over diet composition. By contrast, during weight stability, restricting calories from fat seems to be optimal for depleting liver fat. The degree of dietary fat saturation and the glycemic index of the carbohydrate have inconsistent effects on IHTG. Recently, the matrix of some foods (e.g., dairy) has been inversely associated with NAFLD. Dietary macronutrients differ in their effects on liver fat depending on the energy balance and the matrix of the food in which they are consumed. Therefore, investigations into dietary approaches for managing NAFLD should shift their perspective from that of isolated nutrients to that of whole foods and diets and include useful mechanistic insights.

Synthesis of new chitosan Schiff base and its Fe2O3 nanocomposite: Evaluation of methyl orange removal and antibacterial activity

New chitosan Schiff base (3EtO-4OH/Chit) and its 3EtO-4OH/Chit/Fe2O3 nanocomposite were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD, TGA, DSC and SEM. The result confirmed the preparation of 3EtO-4OH/Chit and its 3EtO-4OH/Chit/Fe2O3 nanocomposite. The efficiency of the prepared catalysts was studied for the methyl orange (MO) removal from aqueous solution. The effect of adsorbent dose and contact time on the removal of dye has been studied. Their antibacterial activities were considered against two Gram positive (S. aureus and B. cereus) and two Gram negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) bacteria and the results showed that the activity of the 3EtO-4OH/Chit/Fe2O3 is excellent and is more than chitosan and 3EtO-4OH/Chit. Thermogravimetry studies shows that the weight loss stages and the residual value at 600 °C are different for the two compounds. DSC curve of the title compounds 3EtO-4OH/Chit and 3EtO-4OH/Chit/Fe2O3 is different from each other. The reason for this difference could be due to the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles in 3EtO-4OH/Chit/Fe2O3.

TG and DSC as tools to analyse the thermal behaviour of EVA copolymers

This paper analyses the thermal behaviour of six EVA copolymers supplied by REPSOL Company. In relation to crystallization and melting temperatures, both of them decrease when the vinyl acetate percentage increases, in agreement with the fact that polyethylene is a semi-crystalline material, whereas polyvinylacetate is an amorphous polymer. Actually, when the vinyl acetate percentage reaches 30%, the copolymer is practically amorphous. The non-isothermal crystallization was modelled with the modified Avrami model that showed, with the exception of EVA-460 (the material with higher vinyl acetate percentage), the presence of a secondary crystallization due to spherulite impingement in the later stage of the non-isothermal crystallization. The TG analysis indicated two weight loss stages, the first one due to acetic acid loss and the second one due to fragments of polymer backbone, which appear as two separate peaks in the DTG plots. Finally, due to the linear dependence of melting and crystallization temperatures and of the minimum value of DTG peaks on vinyl acetate percentage, it can be concluded that both TG and DSC techniques can be employed to determine the vinyl acetate percentage of a certain copolymer.

Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Free Radical Scavenger/Inorganic Salt Compound Inhibitor on Spontaneous Combustion of Coal

ABSTRACT From the aspects of isolating oxygen, lowering temperature and terminating free radical chain reaction, an inorganic salt inhibitor and a radical scavenger were combined to form a compound inhibitor for preventing of coal spontaneous combustion. A long-flame coal with easy self-ignition was chosen to study the inhibitory performance of different inhibitors using inhibition performance tests and by characterizing reactive functional groups and performing thermal analysis. The experimental results show that the compound inhibitor has a coordinated inhibitory effect throughout the whole process of coal spontaneous combustion, with physical and chemical double inhibition effect. Compared with the raw coal, the amount of CO released from the coal sample treated by the compound inhibitor was reduced by 88.7% at 128°C, and the inhibition rate reached 82.5% at 100°C. The inhibition ratio is higher than 80% during the initial weight loss stage and the oxygen absorption and weight increase stage. The compound inhibitor plays an inhibitory role by reducing the contents of hydroxyl, methyl, methylene groups and active components containing carbonyl groups in the coal, wherein, the relative content of a carbonyl compounds decreased obviously. During the initial weight loss stage, the water retention due to inorganic salts physically isolated oxygen and cooled the coal. During the oxygen adsorption and mass gain stage, free radicals were released from the compound inhibitor and captured both oxygen free radicals and carbon free radicals via chemical inhibition. N,N-Dibenzylhydroxylamine (DBHA) contains multiple absorption sites that can simultaneously capture multiple free radicals in coal. Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) reacts with free oxygen-containing functional groups to form stable compounds, which interrupts the formation paths for ketones and aldehydes. Moreover, the inhibition mechanism of the compound inhibitor on coal spontaneous combustion was also explored.

Pyrolysis Kinetic Study and Reaction Mechanism of Epoxy Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic by Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TG) and TG-FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared) Techniques.

TG–FTIR combined technology was used to study the degradation process and gas phase products of epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic (glass fiber reinforced plastic) under the atmospheres of high purity nitrogen. The pyrolysis characteristics of epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic were measured under different heating rates (5, 10, 15, 20 °C min−1) from 25 to 1000 °C. The thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) and differential thermogravimetric analyzer (DTG) curves show that the initial temperature, terminal temperature, and temperature of maximum weight loss rate in the pyrolysis reaction phase all move towards high temperature, as the heating rate increases. Epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic has two stages of thermal weightlessness. The temperature range of the first stage of weight loss is 290–460 °C. The second stage is 460–1000 °C. The above two weight loss stages are caused by pyrolysis of the epoxy resin matrix, and the glass fiber will not decompose. The dynamic parameters of glass fiber reinforced plastic were obtained through the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Flynn–Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and advanced Vyazovkin methods in model-free and the Coats–Redfern (CR) method in model fitting. FTIR spectrum result shows that the main components of the product gas are CO2, H2O, carbonyl components, and aromatic components during its pyrolysis.

Isothermal thermogravimetric method using a fast scanning calorimeter and its application in the isothermal oxidation of nanogram-weight polypropylene

Conventional thermogravimetry (TG) is a common method for studying thermal degradation and/or thermal oxidation of polymers. However, the temperature range for isothermal TG studies is limited to regions close to the melting temperature, where thermal degradation and/or thermal oxidation proceed slowly. Higher temperatures cannot be reached because thermal degradation and/or thermal oxidation start upon heating, even using the highest possible heating rate of the conventional TG. The method of fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) to obtain a quasi-real-time isothermal TG curve via a nanogram-weight sample (nano-TG method) was reported. During the 50 cycles of FSC measurements of polypropylene (PP) between room temperature and 300 °C, regardless of air flow, all FSC traces were consistent with each other (i.e., thermal oxidation of PP was fully suppressed during the fast scanning). On the other hand, when the sample was annealed for a few seconds at 300 °C during the cyclic FSC runs, the apparent heat capacity (which can be converted into relative weight) decreased with increasing total annealing time. The decrease in apparent heat capacity is explained by the progression of thermal oxidation. The nano-TG method was applied to determine the thermal oxidation kinetics of PP using the Avrami-Erofeev model. The non-isothermal TG curve calculated from the kinetic parameters of the nano-TG analysis was in good agreement with the experimental data obtained from the conventional TG measurements for the early stage of weight loss. The present method is applicable for the thermal degradation/oxidation analysis of microplastics in the environment or small impurity analysis of polymers.

Study on release characteristics and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solid waste coking sulfur paste during heating

ABSTRACT Coking sulfur paste (CSP) is a hard-to-handle industrial solid waste. With the high sulfur content, CSP can be used to prepare asphalt modifier. This paper investigated the release characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in CSP during heating. While heating from 42°C to 480°C, CSP demonstrated two weight loss stages in which certain organic compounds were evaporated from CSP. The volatiles were primarily benzene and four kinds of PAHs, including naphthalene, indene, fluorene, and phenanthrene. The total absolute release amount of volatiles increased with increase in temperature. Furthermore, to remove PAHs, CSP was sulfonated with 98% H2SO4. The optimal sulfonation conditions in the molten state of CSP were as follows: ratio of H2SO4 volume to CSP mass 60 μL·g−1 and reaction time 60 min. At 160°C, the total absolute release amount of benzene and four kinds of PAHs decreased from 14.688 × 103 to 0.18 μg·g−1. Therefore, the removal of PAHs from CSP using a sulfonation agent is very effective, ensuring that CSP can be used in road engineering without pollution.

A TG-IR study on the co-pyrolysis characteristics of oily sludge and crops

The co-pyrolysis characteristics of oily sludge (OS), wheat straw (WS), peanut straw(PS), and coconut shell (CS) have been studied experimentally with the thermogravimetric infrared analyzer, and the precipitation characteristics of the main reaction products were analyzed. During the separate pyrolysis of OS, the main weight loss stage appeared in 200–500 °C and the maximum weight loss peak appeared at 460 °C; its value is 8.42%/min. For the three additives, the main weight loss stage of all the three additives appeared in 200–400 °C; the maximum weight loss peak values of WS, PS, and CS were 11.38%/min, 8.77%/min, and CS 12.03%/min, respectively. It has been found that the three additives promoted the pyrolysis reaction of OS, and the mean apparent activation energy of the reaction was significantly reduced when the content of WS was 40%, PS was 40%, and CS was 50%. WS and PS make the pyrolysis process more adequate, and the amount of residual material is reduced. The addition of three additives could reduce the production of CH4 and CO and increase the precipitation of CO2.

Physicochemical studies of nanocrystals of starches from two rice (Oryza sativa L.) types and their characteristics using various modern instrument techniques.

Starch nanocrystals have received considerable attention, due to their biodegradability, nontoxicity and renewable and abundant sources. The objective of this research is to compare the morphology, physicochemical characteristics and rheological properties of native (NSNC) and waxy rice starch nanocrystals (WSNC). Both NSNC and WSNC exhibited a platelet-like shape, and they tended to show square-like platelet morphology with increasing initial amylopectin content. Compared to native starches, three weight loss stages of NSNC and WSNC in thermogravimetric analysis curves were observed, while the thermal depolymerization of NSNC started earlier than that of WSNC. The relative crystallinity of NSNC and WSNC was 38.6% and 48.3%, respectively, which were markedly higher than that of native starches. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that NSNC presented the highest ratio of 1045/1014 cm-1 bands among the tested samples, which was probably due to the re-association of retrograded amylose to double-helices structure in NSNC. Moreover, the introduction of sulfur atoms on the surface of NSNC and WSNC was confirmed from the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. At 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v) concentration levels, all SNC suspensions exhibited a shear-thinning behavior as the shear rate increased from 0.1 to 100 s-1 . Starch nanocrystals obtained from native and waxy rice starch can be potentially used as reinforcement in biodegradable nanocomposites for packaging, fat replacers, thickening agents and emulsion stabilizers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Spectroscopic and thermal analyses for the effect of acetic acid on the plasticized sodium carboxymethyl cellulose

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) mixed with different percentages of acetic acid and constant percentage of glycerol (Gly) as a plasticizer, to enhance electrical properties, are prepared using casting technique. Then, the prepared SPE films are characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis.), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Also, thermal properties of the studied SPEs are studied using Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and its derivative (DTA). The obtained results of UV–Vis. study indicated that the prepared samples possesses three optical band gaps and that the optical band gaps decreased due to increasing acetic acid concentration up to 5 wt.%. FTIR results predict the presence of new absorption band around 1693 cm-1. Acetic acid/CMC interaction is further described by 1HNMR indicating chemical shift in carbonyl carbon (C = O) in some samples and disappearing of it in another samples. Meanwhile, EIS results indicated that the highest ionic conductivity obtained equals 7.64E-06 S/cm at room temperature for sample A3. Finally, TGA curves showed that the thermal stability is changed with changing acid concentration and three stages of weight loss are observed. The obtained results indicated that CMC-Gly-acetic acid SPEs is a perfect choice to be used as a solid polymer electrolyte since the electrical properties of CMC are improved.

Electrical/thermal stability of GFRP under different intensities γ ray irradiation

• GFRPs were subjected to γ-irradiation with 0, 20, 100 and 200 kGy respectively. • The activation energy increases with the increasing intensity of γ-radiation. • The average resistivity increases with the increasing intensity of γ-radiation. Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) is used as support material in high energy physics and nuclear physics due to its excellent thermal insulation and mechanical performance, such as BEPCII, ITER and the CEPC Chinese government will build. But large amounts of γ and neutron irradiation were produced in these environments. The thermal decomposition kinetics and electrical insulation parameters of the material will be affected by the irradiation. In order to ensure the stability of GFRP under γ-irradiation conditions, the volume resistivity and the activation energy need to be calculated under different irradiation intensities. It revealed that γ-irradiation increases the electrical insulation of GFRP, and the insulation increases with increasing intensity. After 20 kGy, 100 kGy and 200 kGy γ-irradiation, the volume resistivity of GFRP increased from 8.16 × 10 12 Ω m to 15.88 × 10 12 Ω m, 23.13 × 10 12 Ω m and 43.15 × 10 12 Ω m, respectively. And the pyrolysis process of GFRP in a nitrogen atmosphere can be divided into three stages, the main weight loss stage occurs at 200∼470 ℃. Two methods were used to calculate the activation energy of GFRP under different irradiation intensities, and the results were compared. Irradiation improves the activation energy of GFRP. The microstructure of GFRP under different γ-irradiation intensities was studied by SEM and XPS. It was found that fragmentation tendency and pores appeared in the epoxy resin during the irradiation. GFRP was oxidized and the content of O1s increased with increasing intensity.

Thermal decomposition mechanism of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and its thermal hazard assessment

Thermal decomposition behavior and decomposition mechanism of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) were characterized and analyzed by C80 micro-calorimetery and STA-FTIR-MS system. And thermal hazard of DIAD was assessed by using self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) as the evaluation index. The results show that only one exothermic peak appeared in decomposition process, and that the onset temperature and peak temperature increase with heating rate, whereas the released reaction heat at the heating rates remained approximately constant at 945.67±23.45 kJ/kg. Based on C80 data, the calculated activation energy of DIAD decomposition ranges from 45 kJ/mol to 77 kJ/mol by Friedman method, while the reaction progress in the range of 0.10–0.90. During thermal decomposition process of DIAD, there is only one stage of weight loss, which starts at about 80 ℃, reaches to the maximum rate of weight loss at 138 ℃, and end up at about 150 ℃. The thermal decomposition mechanism of DIAD can be mainly summarized as the route that the CO single bond breaks at first, then CC breaks, and the NN bond breaks subsequently, then the CO bond or the CN bond breaks, final products such as H2O, CO2 etc. appear from further dissociation and oxidation of molecular ionic fragments at last. According to the above-metioned results, the calculated SADT of DIAD is 89.0 ℃ based on Semenov model, when packed in 25kg standard package.

Influence of the fertilizer type in the agronomic and energetic behaviour of the residues coming from oleander, cypress and quinoa

The use of biomass as an alternative energy source is a fact. Apart from the traditional ones, this work aims to carry out an energy and agronomic analysis of three new crops: oleander, cypress and quinoa. In the same sense, fertilizers of different nature (organic and inorganic) were applied to determine the influence on agronomic and thermal behaviour. TGA and characteristic indexes were employed for an oxidative atmosphere. All the crops here analysed had acceptable value as fuels. Organic fertilizer consisting of cow manure was the one that further increased the height and diameter of the plants. Likewise, oleander was the species with better fuel potential together with the lowest gases emission. Devolatilization and ignition weight loss stages were identified in DTG profiles being quinoa stems the raw material with higher DTGmax values (>7%/min). As kinetics concerned, fertilizer application decreased the activation energy values for almost all cases.

In situ molten phase-assisted self-healing for maintaining fiber morphology during conversion from melamine diborate to boron nitride.

C3N6H6·2H3BO3 (M·2B) is a highly promising precursor of boron nitride (BN) fibers due to its eco-friendly and low-cost fabrication. However, it is still unclear why the fibers can maintain their morphology in spite of drastic weight loss (nearly 80 wt%) during M·2B-to-BN pyrolysis. Herein, an interesting cracking and self-healing behavior of the heated M·2B fibers was observed at initial pyrolysis. In situ formed molten boron oxide (B2O3) was figured out to be the healing agent for the cracks and subsequently merged into the continuous matrix enclosing melamine/melem molecules, which subsequently acted as a nitrogen source. The B2O3 matrix helped to keep the fiber morphology undamaged under the second weight-loss stage in the pyrolysis process. This strategy of taking advantage of the in situ formed molten phase for healing cracks offers detailed guidance to prepare defect-free M·2B-derived BN fibers and would be significant in defect repair for other ceramics.

A combined kinetic study on the pyrolysis of chrome shavings by thermogravimetry

Chrome shavings (CS), a kind of solid wastes discharged from tanneries, always pose serious environmental problems due to the presence of chromium. In this work, kinetic study of the pyrolysis of CS was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer in nitrogen atmosphere. The results obtained from the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that there are three stages in the temperature range 25 to 600 °C. The second stage is the main weight loss stage and it could be mainly attributed to the pyrolysis of collagenous materials. Iso-conversional and generalized master-plots method were first employed to estimate the activation energy value and possible reaction mechanism of CS pyrolysis. The results showed that the pyrolysis process could not be described accurately by single-step reaction due to the heterogeneous nature of CS. Afterwards, the thermogravimetric kinetic of CS pyrolysis was studied using combined kinetic analysis. It was found that three-parallel-reaction model allowed better fitting relevance for CS pyrolysis. This information was important for simulating and predicting the pyrolysis behaviors of CS.

Synthesis and characterization of structural lipids with a balanced ratio of n-6/n-3 from mulberry seed oil and α-linolenic acid using a microfluidic enzyme reactor

To improve the utilization of mulberry seed with its extremely high annual yield and stress the importance of mulberry seed oil, mulberry seed oil and α-linolenic acid (ALA) were used to prepare structural lipids (SLs) with a balanced ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in a microfluidic enzyme reactor. When the lipase amount was 1/3 g/cm3, the substrate molar ratio was 1:5, the flow rate was 2 μL/min and the reaction temperature was 50 °C, the n-6:n-3 ratio of SLs was 1.11:1, and the content of ALA reached 42.0%. The prepared SLs that contained 89.7% PUFAs had a lower melting temperature (−24.2 °C) and a lower crystallization temperature (−40.1 °C) compared with mulberry seed oil, and had three stages of weight loss during processing. These results implied that the SLs were more stable than mulberry seed oil, more beneficial to human health, easier to absorb and convenient to store.

Thermal degradation and pyrolysis study of brominated butyl rubber‐based damping material

This paper deals with the thermal stability and decomposition behavior of brominated butyl rubber‐based damping material (BRP). The raw materials, butyl rubber matrix (IIR) and brominated phenolic resin (PF), were also investigated as control. IIR shows one decomposition stage, while PF shows four weight loss stages. Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa calculation indicates that BRP has thermal stability between IIR and PF. Thermogravimetric analysis–Fourier transform infrared (TGA‐FTIR) and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to investigate the volatile products under nitrogen atmosphere. As expected, BRP shows combined thermal decomposition behavior of both IIR and PF. The degradation mechanism of BRP was proposed, which is not significantly influenced by the incorporation of PF. The application stability of BRP is worth to be noticed since the post‐cure effect, that is, the free radicals remained from vulcanization would cause additional cross‐linking when stored at 80°C to 120°C.

Studying the fire hazard properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by the method of synchronous thermal analysis

The present paper considers oxidation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes at different heating rates and temperatures to ensure the process in the kinetic region. The nanotubes were analyzed by the method of synchronous thermal analysis. Experiments were carried out at different heating rates: 5, 10 and 20 °C/min. As a result, the character of thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric curves was determined, and thermograms were constructed, thereby allowing to define weight loss stages and establish exact weight loss values at a programmed temperature increase. Besides, the temperature characterized by the maximum weight loss rate was established. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed the maximum temperature of endothermic and exothermic peaks, as well as changes in thermal effects (enthalpy changes). The most important indicators of fire hazard of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes – ignition and self-ignition temperature – were determined. The ignition temperature was approximately equal to the temperature of the beginning of the thermal distortion of the sample in the air – 553.7, 578.6 and 584.3 °C for the heating rates of 5, 10 and 20 °C/min, respectively. The self-ignition temperature corresponded to the temperature of the maximum yield of volatiles – 627.5, 651.9 and 670.8 °C for the heating rates of 5, 10 and 20 °C/min, respectively.

Preparation and Characterization of Mixed-Oxide Catalyst

Solid heterogeneous CuO-MoO3/ZrO2 catalyst was prepared by impregnation using suitable precursor materials supported over zirconia. Upon calcination at 450°C for 2 hours, available techniques were employed for the characterization. The available oxides and minerals in the catalyst were revealed by the XRF and XRD profiles respectively. The catalyst crystallite size (131.6nm) was obtained using the Bragg’s equation from the latter. Thermal analysis showed three weight loss stages between (49.25-152.06°C), (152.06-559.47°C) and (559.47-752.0°C) while presence of sulphate and zirconia oxides was revealed by the FTIR analysis due to appearance of absorption bands around 1225-980cm-1 and 700-600 cm-1 respectively.