Stages Of Regeneration Research Articles

Biomaterial scaffolds regulate macrophage activity to accelerate bone regeneration.

Bones are important for maintaining motor function and providing support for internal organs. Bone diseases can impose a heavy burden on individuals and society. Although bone has a certain ability to repair itself, it is often difficult to repair itself alone when faced with critical-sized defects, such as severe trauma, surgery, or tumors. There is still a heavy reliance on metal implants and autologous or allogeneic bone grafts for bone defects that are difficult to self-heal. However, these grafts still have problems that are difficult to circumvent, such as metal implants that may require secondary surgical removal, lack of bone graft donors, and immune rejection. The rapid advance in tissue engineering and a better comprehension of the physiological mechanisms of bone regeneration have led to a new focus on promoting endogenous bone self-regeneration through the use of biomaterials as the medium. Although bone regeneration involves a variety of cells and signaling factors, and these complex signaling pathways and mechanisms of interaction have not been fully understood, macrophages undoubtedly play an essential role in bone regeneration. This review summarizes the design strategies that need to be considered for biomaterials to regulate macrophage function in bone regeneration. Subsequently, this review provides an overview of therapeutic strategies for biomaterials to intervene in all stages of bone regeneration by regulating macrophages.

The role of macrophages in fracture healing: a narrative review of the recent updates and therapeutic perspectives.

This review addresses the latest advances in research on the role of macrophages in fracture healing, exploring their relationship with failures in bone consolidation and the perspectives for the development of advanced and innovative therapies to promote bone regeneration. The bone can fully restore its form and function after a fracture. However, the regenerative process of fracture healing is complex and is influenced by several factors, including macrophage activity. These cells have been found in the fracture site at all stages of bone regeneration, and their general depletion or the knockdown of receptors that mediate their differentiation, polarization, and/or function result in impaired fracture healing. The literature search was carried out in the PubMed database, using combinations of the keywords "macrophage", "fracture healing, "bone regeneration", and "bone repair". Articles published within the last years (2017-2022) reporting evidence from in vivo long bone fracture healing experiments were included. Studies published in the last five years on the role of macrophages in fracture healing strengthened the idea that what appears to be essential when it comes to a successful consolidation is the right balance between the M1/M2 populations, which have different but complementary roles in the process. These findings opened promising new avenues for the development of several macrophage-targeted therapies, including the administration of molecules and/or biomaterials intended to regulate macrophage differentiation and polarization, the local transplantation of macrophage precursors, and the use of exosomes to deliver signaling molecules that influence macrophage activities. However, more research is still warranted to better understand the diversity of macrophage phenotypes and their specific roles in each step of fracture healing and to decipher the key molecular mechanisms involved in the in vivo crosstalk between macrophages and other microenvironmental cell types, such as endothelial and skeletal stem/progenitor cells.

Physical-hydric quality of a Regosol under integrated and conventional crop production systems

Sandy soils have gained increased attention due to the expansion of new agricultural frontiers in Brazil and worldwide, however, they are sensitive to land use changes. The objective was to evaluate the physical-hydric quality of a Regosols under integrated and conventional production systems in the climatic conditions of the semiarid domain of Paraíba, Brazil. The study was carried out in the municipality of Lagoa Seca/PB, Brazil (7°10’15” S, 53°51’43” W, and 640 m of altitude), on a Regosols with a sandy loam textural classification. The experiment was set up in an entirely randomized design, with five treatments and five repetitions. The treatments were composed of: 1) Mombaça grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) + Maize (Zea mays L.) (M+M); 2) Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster + Maize (U+M); 3) secondary forest (SF); 4) conventional agriculture area, cultivated with bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (AGR); and, 5) area in regeneration stage (ARS). The following variables were analyzed: flocculation degree, clay dispersed in water, soil porosity (total, macroporosity, microporosity), aeration porosity in the macro pore domain, soil bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and available water. According to the results, the physical-hydric quality of the soil between the integrated systems was not significant, but compared to the conventional system, it showed satisfactory results. On the other hand, it is concluded that the modification of soil structure in an agricultural area has reduced water availability to plants to 75.20% below what is considered adequate. Long-term studies should be conducted in order to verify the effect of integration systems on improving the physical and structural quality of sandy soils.

Characterization and Expression of Holothurian Wnt Signaling Genes during Adult Intestinal Organogenesis.

Wnt signaling has been shown to play multiple roles in regenerative processes, one of the most widely studied of which is the regeneration of the intestinal luminal epithelia. Most studies in this area have focused on self-renewal of the luminal stem cells; however, Wnt signaling may also have more dynamic functions, such as facilitating intestinal organogenesis. To explore this possibility, we employed the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima that can regenerate a full intestine over the course of 21 days after evisceration. We collected RNA-seq data from various intestinal tissues and regeneration stages and used these data to define the Wnt genes present in H. glaberrima and the differential gene expression (DGE) patterns during the regenerative process. Twelve Wnt genes were found, and their presence was confirmed in the draft genome of H. glaberrima. The expressions of additional Wnt-associated genes, such as Frizzled and Disheveled, as well as genes from the Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathways, were also analyzed. DGE showed unique distributions of Wnt in early- and late-stage intestinal regenerates, consistent with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway being upregulated during early-stages and the Wnt/PCP pathway being upregulated during late-stages. Our results demonstrate the diversity of Wnt signaling during intestinal regeneration, highlighting possible roles in adult organogenesis.

The early inhibition of the COX-2 pathway in viperid phospholipase A2-induced skeletal muscle myotoxicity accelerates the tissue regeneration

The administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of injury and muscle regeneration is still contradictory in effectiveness, especially regarding the timing of their administration. This can interfere with the production of prostaglandins originating from inflammatory isoform cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is essential to modulate tissue regeneration. The phospholipases A2 (PLA2) from viperid venoms cause myotoxicity, therefore constituting a tool for the study of supportive therapies to improve skeletal muscle regeneration. This study investigated the effect of early administration of lumiracoxib (selective inhibitor of COX-2) on the degeneration and regeneration stages of skeletal muscle after injury induced by a myotoxic PLA2. After 30 min and 48 h of intramuscular injection of PLA2, mice received lumiracoxib orally and histological, functional, and transcriptional parameters of muscle were evaluated from 6 h to 21 days. Inhibition of COX-2 in the early periods of PLA2-induced muscle degeneration reduced leukocyte influx, edema, and tissue damage. After the second administration of lumiracoxib, in regenerative stage, muscle showed increase in number of basophilic fibers, reduction in fibrosis content and advanced recovery of functionality characterized by the presence of fast type II fibers. The expression of Pax7 and myogenin were increased, indicating a great capacity for storing satellite cells and advanced mature state of tissue. Our data reveals a distinct role of COX-2-derived products during muscle degeneration and regeneration, in which early administration of lumiracoxib was a therapeutic strategy to modulate the effects of prostaglandins, providing a breakthrough in muscle tissue regeneration induced by a myotoxic PLA2.

Evidence of time-lag in the provision of ecosystem services by tropical regenerating forests to coffee yields

Restoration of native tropical forests is crucial for protecting biodiversity and ecosystem functions, such as carbon stock capacity. However, little is known about the contribution of early stages of forest regeneration to crop productivity through the enhancement of ecosystem services, such as crop pollination and pest control. Using data from 610 municipalities along the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (30 m spatial resolution), we evaluated if young regenerating forests (YRFs) (less than 20 years old) are positively associated with coffee yield and whether such a relationship depends on the amount of preserved forest in the surroundings of the coffee fields. We found that regenerating forest alone was not associated with variations in coffee yields. However, the presence of YRF (within a 500 m buffer) was positively related to higher coffee yields when the amount of preserved forest in a 2 km buffer is above a 20% threshold cover. These results further reinforce that regional coffee yields are influenced by changes in biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services, which are explained by the amount of mature forest in the surrounding of coffee fields. We argue that while regenerating fragments may contribute to increased connectivity between remnants of forest fragments and crop fields in landscapes with a minimum amount of forest (20%), older preserved forests (more than 20 years) are essential for sustaining pollinator and pest enemy’s populations. These results highlight the potential time lag of at least 20 years of regenerating forests’ in contributing to the provision of ecosystem services that affect coffee yields (e.g. pollination and pest control). We emphasize the need to implement public policies that promote ecosystem restoration and ensure the permanence of these new forests over time.

Variable self-thinning explains hydrological responses to stand replacement in even-aged forests

That streamflow from even-aged forests is a function of forest age (the Kuczera curve) is an accepted paradigm in Australian forest hydrology and less commonly in the Northern Hemisphere. However, none of a dozen stand replacement experiments in Australian obligate seeder forests have faithfully reproduced the Kuczera curve. Here we test an alternative model based on the self-thinning line, showing that both the Kuczera curve and results of subsequent stand replacement experiments can be explained by observed changes in self-thinning after disturbance.Self-thinning in even-aged forests is dictated by the rate of reduction in stocking density as mean tree size increases. Comparison of stand basal area and stocking densities in stands of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell, regenerated after wildfires in 1851 and 1939, suggested significant differences in self-thinning lines between age cohorts. In three large catchments, a simple forest growth and water use model only reproduced observed substantial long-term reductions in streamflow after stand replacement (mean reduction from 1940 to 1982 of 233 mm year−1) when observed cohort-specific changes in the intercept of the self-thinning line (STL) were incorporated (modelled mean reduction 235 mm year−1). Use of a single STL intercept in both pre- and post-disturbance simulations did not produce the observed streamflow responses (modelled mean reduction 37 mm year−1). Averaged over six E. regnans experimental catchments in which the dominant forest was either partly or completely removed and replaced with the same species, the observed decadal maximum streamflow reduction was only 7 mm year−1, compared to 22 mm year−1 using the model with observed STL intercepts but 200 mm year−1 using the Kuczera curve. Consequently, hydrological responses to disturbance are less predictable than previously assumed, as the reasons for changes in self-thinning behaviour are not yet understood. We speculate that in this case it is related to variability in seed supply and competition with shorter-lived understorey species in the early stages of regeneration.

Liver Regeneration and Immunity: A Tale to Tell.

The physiological importance of the liver is demonstrated by its unique and essential ability to regenerate following extensive injuries affecting its function. By regenerating, the liver reacts to hepatic damage and thus enables homeostasis to be restored. The aim of this review is to add new findings that integrate the regenerative pathway to the current knowledge. An optimal regeneration is achieved through the integration of two main pathways: IL-6/JAK/STAT3, which promotes hepatocyte proliferation, and PI3K/PDK1/Akt, which in turn enhances cell growth. Proliferation and cell growth are events that must be balanced during the three phases of the regenerative process: initiation, proliferation and termination. Achieving the correct liver/body weight ratio is ensured by several pathways as extracellular matrix signalling, apoptosis through caspase-3 activation, and molecules including transforming growth factor-beta, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The actors involved in the regenerative process are numerous and many of them are also pivotal players in both the immune and non-immune inflammatory process, that is observed in the early stages of hepatic regeneration. Balance of Th17/Treg is important in liver inflammatory process outcomes. Knowledge of liver regeneration will allow a more detailed characterisation of the molecular mechanisms that are crucial in the interplay between proliferation and inflammation.

Histone deacetylation regulates de novo shoot regeneration.

During de novo plant organ regeneration, auxin induction mediates the formation of a pluripotent cell mass called callus, which regenerates shoots upon cytokinin induction. However, molecular mechanisms underlying transdifferentiation remain unknown. Here, we showed that the loss of HDA19, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) family gene, suppresses shoot regeneration. Treatment with an HDAC inhibitor revealed that the activity of this gene is essential for shoot regeneration. Further, we identified target genes whose expression was regulated through HDA19-mediated histone deacetylation during shoot induction and found that ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 1 and CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2 play important roles in shoot apical meristem formation. Histones at the loci of these genes were hyperacetylated and markedly upregulated in hda19. Transient ESR1 or CUC2 overexpression impaired shoot regeneration, as observed in hda19. Therefore, HDA19 mediates direct histone deacetylation of CUC2 and ESR1 loci to prevent their overexpression at the early stages of shoot regeneration.

Floristic composition, structure and diversity of riparian forests in southwestern Nigeria: conservation is inevitable

The Nigerian riparian forest ecosystems had declined in extent and distribution and this had been attributed mainly to land use change. This study intended to provide understanding links between plant diversity, composition, structures and disturbances both anthropogenic and natural processes inducing the vegetation dynamics. Nine study sites were used for this study, within each site, five (5) plots (0.25 ha in size) were marked out, placed systematically at an interval of 10 m along transect. Complete enumeration of plants species was carried out and identified to species level. Diversity indices and structural parameters were determined and anthropogenic activities were ranked. A total number of 233 plant species were identified, belonging to 80 families; out of which, Euphorbiaceae and Apocynaceae were dominant families. The density and basal area ranged from 2200 to 6000 ha−1 and 2.59 to 17.58 m2 ha−1 respectively across the study sites. Pterocarpus santalinoides, Alchornea cordiflora, Chassalia kolly, Tetracera spp., Fimbristylis, Bambusa vulgaris and Cyrtosperma senegalense were the dominant species. The Shannon diversity index ranged from (1.38–3.49), Simpson (0.66–0.97) and Evenness diversity was (0.43–0.84). Fisher alpha (10.03–30.21) and Whittaker beta diversity (0.36–0.89) values were highest in Ipetumodu (site VIII) and lowest in Ilesha (site II). Seventy‐three (73%) of the species in this study had low important value index (IVI). The dominance of some lianas and herbaceous species in the riparian forest sites showed disturbances, stages of ecological succession and regeneration of the vegetation. Conservation is inevitable towards maintaining and protection of species diversity, ecosystem roles and services of these forests in Nigeria.

Rngtt governs biliary-derived liver regeneration initiation by transcriptional regulation of mTORC1 and Dnmt1 in zebrafish.

In cases of end-stage liver diseases, the proliferation of existing hepatocytes is compromised, a feature of human chronic liver disease, in which most hepatocytes are dysfunctional. So far, liver transplantation represents the only curative therapeutic solution for advanced liver diseases, and the shortage of donor organs leads to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The promising treatment is to prompt the biliary epithelial cells (BECs) transdifferentiation. However, the critical factors governing the initiation of BEC-derived liver regeneration are largely unknown. The zebrafish has advantages in large-scale genetic screens to identify the critical factors involved in liver regeneration. Here, we combined N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea screen, positional cloning, transgenic lines, antibody staining, and in situ hybridization methods and identified a liver regeneration defect mutant ( lrd ) using the zebrafish extensive liver injury model. Through positional cloning and genomic sequencing, we mapped the mutation site to rngtt . Loss of rngtt leads to the defects of BEC dedifferentiation, bipotential progenitor cell activation, and cell proliferation in the initiation stage of liver regeneration. The transdifferentiation from BECs to hepatocytes did not occur even at the late stage of liver regeneration. Mechanically, Rngtt transcriptionally regulates the attachment of mRNA cap to mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) components and dnmt1 to maintain the activation of mTORC1 and DNA methylation in BECs after severe liver injury and prompt BEC to hepatocyte conversion. Furthermore, rptor and dnmt1 mutants displayed the same liver regeneration defects as rngtt mutation. In conclusion, our results suggest Rngtt is a new factor that initiates BEC-derived liver regeneration.

The effect of tree-on-tree interactions and abiotic conditions on woody communities in Brazilian savannas

Abstract Fire plays a crucial role in shaping plant communities in South American savannas. However, the impact of biotic interactions on tree communities still needs to be better explored. In this study, we evaluated the influence of tree-on-tree interactions and abiotic conditions on the structure and diversity of woody communities in savannas of Central Brazil. We used plots of 10 × 10 m in three preservation areas of savanna to assess the abundance and composition of juveniles and adults in woody communities associated with two Apocynaceae tree species: Hancornia speciosa, postulated to show negative interactions with the associated tree community, and Himatanthus obovatus, postulated to show positive interactions. Our results revealed that while abiotic factors, represented by the altitude, are more critical in shaping the community of juvenile trees, tree-on-tree interactions have a stronger influence on adult tree populations, driving community dynamics during plant recruitment. Specifically, Hancornia speciosa reduces the abundance of adults, whereas Himatanthus obovatus enhances their relative abundance; both shape the composition of tree communities. Consequently, tree-on-tree interactions create distinct mosaics at various stages of regeneration, contributing to savanna dynamics and conservation.

Разработка укрупнённого адсорбера для переработки продуктивных растворов

Productive solutions obtained after leaching of ores have a complex composition, including a variety of non-ferrous and heavy metal cations. The method of extracting nickel from productive solutions after leaching of sulfide and lateritic ores is the most important process in hydrometallurgical processing. Sorption by ion-exchange resins is an alternative to existing technologies for nickel recovery from productive solutions. The ability to selectively extract nickel and regenerate makes polymeric ion-exchange resins one of the most popular sorbents in the modern world. The polymer resin sorption process avoids wastage of reagents, costly filtration, and poor nickel selectivity compared to other metal ions associated with solvent extraction processes. In order to conduct experimental studies of sorption using Amberlite IRC 748 polymer resin, it is necessary to calculate and design an adsorber. The objectives of the study include the determination of the geometric parameters of the adsorber, the parameters of the sorption/desorption process and the development of a process flow diagram. As a result of the research, an enlarged adsorber has been designed to extract nickel from the productive solution after bacterial-chemical oxidation of cobalt-copper-nickel sulfide ore, and a process flow diagram for the process of obtaining nickel salts from the productive solution has been developed. The volume of the adsorber, its height, diameter, diameter of the inlet fitting, the height of the sorbent layer, the required resin flow rate, and the duration of the process before regeneration are determined. To ensure the continuity of the process, taking into account the duration of bacterial-chemical oxidation, periodic regeneration of the sorbent, the number of adsorbers in a common installation is taken to be two. When the adsorption stage occurs in one of the apparatuses, the stage of regeneration and drying of the polymer resin proceeds in the other. The estimated sorption capacity of Amberlite IRC 748 resin was taken as 21.6 g of nickel per 0.1 kg of adsorbent. Resin desorption has been supposed to be carried out with a 10 % sulfuric acid solution, at a flow rate of 5 l/h.

Transcriptional regulatory network during axonal regeneration of dorsal root ganglion neurons: laser-capture microdissection and deep sequencing.

The key regulators and regeneration-associated genes involved in axonal regeneration of neurons after injury have not been clarified. In high-throughput sequencing, various factors influence the final sequencing results, including the number and size of cells, the depth of sequencing, and the method of cell separation. There is still a lack of research on the detailed molecular expression profile during the regeneration of dorsal root ganglion neuron axon. In this study, we performed laser-capture microdissection coupled with RNA sequencing on dorsal root ganglion neurons at 0, 3, 6, and 12 hours and 1, 3, and 7 days after sciatic nerve crush in rats. We identified three stages after dorsal root ganglion injury: early (3-12 hours), pre-regeneration (1 day), and regeneration (3-7 days). Gene expression patterns and related function enrichment results showed that one module of genes was highly related to axonal regeneration. We verified the up-regulation of activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3), Kruppel like factor 6 (Klf6), AT-rich interaction domain 5A (Arid5a), CAMP responsive element modulator (Crem), and FOS like 1, AP-1 transcription factor Subunit (Fosl1) in dorsal root ganglion neurons after injury. Suppressing these transcription factors (Crem, Arid5a, Fosl1 and Klf6) reduced axonal regrowth in vitro. As the hub transcription factor, Atf3 showed higher expression and activity at the pre-regeneration and regeneration stages. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (Gper1), interleukin 12a (Il12a), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), and interleukin 6 (IL6) may be upstream factors that trigger the activation of Atf3 during the repair of axon injury in the early stage. Our study presents the detailed molecular expression profile during axonal regeneration of dorsal root ganglion neurons after peripheral nerve injury. These findings may provide reference for the clinical screening of molecular targets for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.

The non-nutritive sweeteners acesulfame potassium and neotame slow the regeneration rate of planaria

The consumption of sugar substitute non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) has dramatically increased in recent years. Despite being advertised as a healthy alternative, NNS have been linked to adverse effects on the body, such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). In NDs, neural stem cell function is impaired, which inhibits neuron regeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine if the NNS acesulfame potassium (Ace-K) and neotame affect planaria neuron regeneration rates. Since human neurons may regenerate, planaria, organisms with extensive regenerative capabilities due to stem cells called neoblasts, were used as the model organism. The heads of planaria exposed to either a control or non-toxic concentrations of NNS were amputated. The posterior regions of the planaria were observed every 24 hours to see the following regeneration stages: (1) wound healing, (2) blastema development, (3) growth, and (4) differentiation. We hypothesized that exposure to the NNS would slow planaria regeneration rates. The time it took for the planaria in the Ace-K group and the neotame group to reach the second, third, and fourth regeneration stage was significantly greater than that of the control. The results of this study indicated that exposure to the NNS significantly slowed regeneration rates in planaria. This suggests that the NNS may adversely impact neoblast proliferation rates in planaria, implying that it could impair neural stem cell proliferation in humans, which plays a role in NDs. This study may provide insight into the connection between NNS, human neuron regeneration, and NDs.

Design Of Three Stage Comparator Using 90nm Technology

In this paper, the design of three stage comparator using 90nm technology is presented. The comparator is one of the block that limits the speed of the converter, its optimization is crucial and important and design of Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC),is the speed limiting element in comparator. It describes the schematic design of a three stage CMOS comparator to achieve lower power dissipation and a lower offset voltage, with high-speed operation. Test structure of the comparator are designed using GPDK 90nm. The three-stage comparator makes it possible to use NMOS input pairs in both the regeneration stage and the amplification stage, further increasing the speed. Furthermore, in the modified version of three-stage comparator, a CMOS input pair is adopted at the amplification stage. Simulation results are obtained and it shows that the proposed design can work under 1.8V supply, with an offset voltage of 200mV, and thus, an innovative circuit technique is implemented to overcome these limitations. The work carried out is the mini-project that is a part & parcel of the curriculum in the 2nd semester.

Sequential expression of miR-221-3p and miR-338-3p in Schwann cells as a therapeutic strategy to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery.

The functional properties of endogenous Schwann cells (SCs) during nerve repair are dynamic. Optimizing the functional properties of SCs at different stages of nerve repair may have therapeutic benefit in improving the repair of damaged nerves. Previous studies showed that miR-221-3p promotes the proliferation and migration of SCs, and miR-338-3p promotes the myelination of SCs. In this study, we established rat models of sciatic nerve injury by bridging the transected sciatic nerve with a silicone tube. We injected a miR-221 lentiviral vector system together with a doxycycline-inducible Tet-On miR-338 lentiviral vector system into the cavity of nerve conduits of nerve stumps to sequentially regulate the biological function of endogenous SCs at different stages of nerve regeneration. We found that the biological function of SCs was sequentially regulated, the diameter and density of myelinated axons were increased, the expression levels of NF200 and myelin basic protein were increased, and the function of injured peripheral nerve was improved using this system. miRNA Target Prediction Database prediction, Nanopore whole transcriptome sequencing, quantitative PCR, and dual luciferase reporter gene assay results predicted and verified Cdkn1b and Nrp1 as target genes of miR-221-3p and miR-338-3p, respectively, and their regulatory effects on SCs were confirmed in vitro. In conclusion, here we established a new method to enhance nerve regeneration through sequential regulation of biological functions of endogenous SCs, which establishes a new concept and model for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. The findings from this study will provide direct guiding significance for clinical treatment of sciatic nerve injury.

Совет экспертов: перспективные направления системной энзимотерапии в гинекологии

The interdisciplinary scientific and practical conference «Expert Council: promising areas of systemic enzyme therapy (SET) in gynecology» under the auspices of the National Association of Obstetricians-Gynecologists and Reproductologists "Women's Health" was held in Moscow on December 02, 2022. The conference brought together specialists from multiple Russian regions. The development of effective treatment algorithms for infection-caused inflammatory diseases in the practices of obstetricians and gynecologists remains relevant in view of the continuous growth of antimicrobial resistance underpinned both by the irrational use of antibiotics and the biofilm-forming ability of infectious agents. The speakers shared their experience of using systemic enzyme therapy (SET) in the combination treatment of inflammatory diseases in obstetric and gynecological practice, as well as in the prevention of fibrous and adhesive complications of pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) and gynecologic surgeries. It was pointed out that systemic enzyme therapy should be recognized as a justified component of the combination PID treatment which helps to reduce the duration and severity of symptoms due to its proven immunomodulatory, fibrinolytic and antiplatelet effects. The use of SET drugs reduces the duration of all stages of reparative regeneration along with tamping down the inflammatory response. The Expert Council Resolution provides recommendations on using SET in gynecology. KEYWORDS: proteolytic enzymes, pelvic inflammatory diseases, endometritis, adhesions, antibiotic resistance, systemic enzyme therapy. FOR CITATION: Dobrokhotova Yu.E., Khryanin A.A., Shikh E.V. et al. Expert Council: promising areas of systemic enzyme therapy in gynecology. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(2):149–156 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2023-6-2-149-156.

Low-level laser efficiency in reparation of bone defects

Introduction/Objective. Bone resorption is a common problem in dentistry, and bone reparation cannot be easily achieved. Several techniques of bone grafting and the use of low-level laser treatment (LLLT) as a new therapeutic optional recommended for improving bone repair were applied. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of LLLT in bone repair of artificially made bone defects in the rat mandible using histomorphometry. Methods. The research was carried out on 60 female rats. Bone defects were made in the mandible, and animals were divided into two groups, each containing 30 animals. In the study group, the implantation site was submitted to GaAlAs laser irradiation 670 nm, 5 mW, 4 minutes per day for 5 days. The control group had no postoperative treatment. The animals were sacrificed after two, six, and eight weeks post LLLT, and preparations were analysed by histomorphometry, determining bone area fraction, bone area, integral density, mean density, and density variation. Results. Histomorphometric analysis revealed statistically higher values of area fraction, area, and integral density in the study group after two and six weeks. However, no beneficial laser effect was noticed after eight weeks. Conclusion. Low-level lasers have a stimulating effect on reparatory mechanisms in the early regeneration stage of artificially made bone defects in the rat mandible and can be used as a useful helping method in bone treatment.

Novel neuron-Schwann cell co-culture models to study peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration.

Novel neuron-Schwann cell co-culture models to study peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration.