Planning Stage Research Articles

Implementasi Permainan Tradisional Batok Kelapa Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Koordinasi Gerak dan Keseimbangan Tubuh

This research aims to improve the movement coordination and body balance abilities of class 1C students at SDN Pakis 1 Surabaya through the implementation of the traditional coconut shell game. This Classroom Action Research (PTK) was carried out in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The results showed a significant improvement in students' motor skills. At pre-cycle, only 25% of students achieved the expected skills. After implementing the coconut shell game, the percentage of students who completed it increased to 42.86% in the first cycle and 82.14% in the second cycle. This increase indicates that the traditional coconut shell game is an effective method in developing students' movement coordination and body balance skills and providing a fun and active learning experience.

Upaya Meningkatkan Kebugaran Jasmani Melalui Pendekatan Permainan Tradisional Kelas X-3 SMA Negeri 1 Gedangan Sidoarjo

This study examines the low interest of class X-3 students at SMAN 1 Sidoarjo in physical fitness activities. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional game-based learning methods in improving students' physical fitness. The research uses an action approach with stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The sample consists of 36 students from class X-3 SMAN 1 Sidoarjo who were observed during the pre-cycle, cycle 1, and cycle 2. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using percentages. Research findings indicate an improvement in student learning outcomes after the implementation of traditional game-based learning methods in cycles I and II. This suggests that the approach is effective in increasing the level of physical fitness and student participation in physical education activities.

The pathway to delivering injectable CAB for HIV prevention: strategies from global PrEP leaders leveraging an adapted version of the Intervention Scalability Assessment Tool (ISAT)

BackgroundLonger-acting cabotegravir (CAB) is a novel, safe, and efficacious pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. As we near a time for CAB scale-up, the experience of global leaders in PrEP research and implementation can be leveraged to identify optimal strategies for scaling and integrating CAB into existing PrEP infrastructure worldwide.MethodsWe recruited leaders of HIV prevention clinical trials and large PrEP programs through a combination of purposive and snowball sampling for participation in individual interviews. We conducted interviews using a semi-structured guide that compared CAB to oral PrEP and sought perspectives on barriers and strategies for CAB scale-up. Interviews were conducted virtually, audio recorded, and transcribed. We used thematic analysis, grounded in an adapted version of the Intervention Scalability Assessment Tool (ISAT), to identify critical elements for optimizing delivery of CAB.ResultsFrom October 2021 to April 2022, we interviewed 30 participants with extensive experience in PrEP research, care, and programming. Participants worked in all seven WHO regions and reported a median of 20 years working in HIV and 10 years in PrEP. Participants agreed that CAB was efficacious and discrete, therefore having the potential to address current concerns about oral PrEP adherence and stigma. Participants indicated direct and indirect costs for provider training, expansion of existing medical infrastructure, and the current medication cost of CAB as major concerns for roll out. The true cost to the end-user and health system were unknown. There were some conflicting strategies on how to best address product targeting, presentation of efficacy, and timing of product availability with scale-up. Some thought that targeting CAB for the general population could normalize PrEP and decrease stigma, while others thought that prioritizing key populations could optimize impact by targeting those with highest risk. Overall, participants emphasized that to ensure successful CAB scale-up, communities and stakeholders must be involved at every stage of planning and implementation.ConclusionsOur evaluation found that although there is a clear and urgent need for additional HIV PrEP options beyond daily oral PrEP, CAB scale-up must be thoughtful, flexible, and based in lessons learned from oral PrEP rollout.

Penerapan Permainan Tradisional Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dalam Pembelajaran PJOK Kelas XI-3 SMAN 1 Gedangan Sidoarjo

This study focuses on the low learning motivation among students in class XI-3 at SMAN 1 Gedangan. The aim of this research is to gather information and investigate the effect of implementing traditional games to enhance motivation in PJOK learning for class XI-3 at SMAN 1 Gedangan, Sidoarjo. The stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection of the action research project were followed in this study. Thirty-six students from class XI-3 at SMAN 1 Gedangan participated in this research. The researcher used a questionnaire that was distributed during a pre-test before the treatment and a post-test after the treatment to draw conclusions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 with five formulas applied: mean, standard deviation, variance, normality test (chi-square), and percentage increase. Based on the data analysis conducted, it was found that the implementation of traditional games has an effect on students' learning motivation in Physical Education, Sports, and Health in class XI-3. This is evidenced by the analysis results showing a sig value of 0.00, which is less than 0.05, leading to the rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha. The effect size of implementing traditional games in enhancing learning motivation is 30%.

Penerapan Manajemen Layanan Karir di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri

Career service management is a critical element in helping students plan their futures. This research aims to explore and understand career service management at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri in Sleman, focusing on the stages of planning, implementation, and evaluation of career programs. Additionally, this study examines the factors that influence students’ career goal-setting, including the roles of parents, teachers, and industry partnerships. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through field observations and structured interviews with the school principal, vice-principals, career guidance counselors, and several students. The results indicate that career service management at MAN Sleman is conducted systematically through collaboration between the school, parents, and external partners such as industry professionals. Parental support and guidance from career counselors significantly affect students in choosing careers that align with their interests and abilities. Career programs, including workshops, industrial visits, and individual counseling, were successfully implemented, although some challenges remain in the evaluation process, particularly regarding students' anxiety in career decision-making. This research contributes to the development of more effective career services in schools and serves as a reference for other institutions seeking to improve their career services to better meet students’ needs.

Peran Mahasiswa dalam Kuliah Kerja Nyata di Kampung Mandopi Rimom Kabupaten Manokwari Provinsi Papua Barat

Community Service Program (CSP) is a form of manifestation of community service that is in line with the demands and realization of the Tridharma of Higher Education. It is hoped that through CSP, students will be able to utilize knowledge, analyze community conditions, and provide solutions to various problems (social, economic, health, and education) in villages especially. The CSP implementation method consists of 4 stages, namely the initial stage (literature study, location survey, and interviews), the planning stage, the implementation stage, and the monitoring and evaluation stage. The CSP activity which took place in Mandopi Rimom Village, Manokwari Regency was carried out for 36 days (24 June - 8 August 2022) involving 1 field supervisor and 9 students from different study programs. A total of 35 work/activity programs (wp) have been successfully implemented involving participation and cooperation from village residents, school officials, posyandu officers, district health services, and the LPPM of Papua University. The work programs cover 8 areas of activity, namely village administration (7 wp), education (5 wp), health (5 wp), environment (10 wp), religion (2 wp), agriculture (2 wp), animal husbandry (2 wp) and socio-cultural economics (2 wp). The KKN seminar was held on the 35th day to present the results of the activities as well as get appreciation and suggestions as recommendations for implementing KKN in the next period. The results of the work program, activity documentation, obstacles, and suggestions/recommendations are then prepared in the form of a report to be submitted to the university's LLPM.

Peningkatan Kapabilitas Petugas KPPS dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemilu 2024 di Kelurahan Renon melalui Sosialisasi Tugas dan Kewajiban Petugas KPPS

General elections are a process in which citizens freely express their aspirations by choosing potential leaders for the progress of the country. One of the successes of the election is the existence of KPPS officers. Many problems related to KPPS are faced in the field. KPPS is the very tip of the ad hoc body which always attracts attention every election. These problems involve limitations in understanding regulations, technical implementation of voting, and counting votes from the Chairman and Members of KPPS. In this activity, 3 stages are followed, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation. The first planning stage is carried out by interviews and providing solutions by conducting outreach through BIMTEKs. Next, provide an evaluation by giving a pre-test and post-test to determine the understanding of KPPS officers. This activity aims to increase the knowledge of KPPS Officers regarding their duties and obligations as KPPS Officers so that mistakes that occurred in the previous General Election no longer occur. The benefit of implementing socialization through BIMTEK is to improve the quality of holding general elections in Renon Village. The results of the socialization through BIMTEK show that there has been an increase, which was initially 37% after taking part in the socialization through BIMTEK, increasing to 95%.

Upaya Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik melalui Media Pembelajaran Komik dalam Pembelajaran Pjok

This research uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method with a cyclical approach to increase student learning motivation in Physical Education, Sports and Health (PJOK) subjects. This research was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation and reflection stages. In Cycle I, the average student learning motivation was 44.05%, while in Cycle II it increased significantly to 74.68%, with an increase of 30.63%. This increase shows positive changes in students' interest and enthusiasm for learning. The research results showed that the use of "comic media" during learning in Cycle II was effective in stimulating students' interest and motivation. This increase in motivation also indicates the success of the emphasis on more interesting and participatory learning. These findings illustrate the positive impact of the improvement efforts made in Cycle II in creating a better learning environment. This research provides a positive view regarding the use of the PTK method with a cycle approach and the implementation of "comic media" in increasing students' learning motivation in PJOK subjects. The implications of these findings emphasize the importance of innovative approaches to learning to achieve more optimal results.

Development of A Workplace Learning Model to Improve Skills Competency of Vocational School Students

This research aims to develop a workplace learning model to improve the catering skills of tourism vocational school students by building a conceptual foundation that considers the industrial situation. This development research uses Design-Based Research (DBR) comprising planning, learning interactions, and evaluation stages for students, supervisors, and instructors. This study analyzes data using qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. This research produces industrial practical learning tools (WPL) in the form of guidebooks for teachers, instructors and students. How to study in industry, the implementation process, ideal criteria, and completion of study contracts are outlined. Increasing student catering skills competency through industrial learning based on a measurable field approach. How students can absorb, adopt tacit and explicit knowledge in industry is a value in itself. Research findings and concepts can be used for further development so that the quality of vocational education graduates can be considered.

Effectiveness of an object moving depending on its orientation in the environment: a kinematic analysis of motor planning and execution

Background. Grasping objects with the hand is one of the most common movements in everyday life. It requires training involving the cognitive processes of goal selection and motor planning.Aim. To investigate the effect of object rotation on motor planning using an experiment where participants moved abstract objects that sometimes required rotation, and movement was assessed using a kinematic analysis system. We hypothesized that reaction times and movements would be longer for tasks with rotation.Materials and methods. Sixteen subjects participated in the study (11 females and 5 males), mean age – 23.375 ± 2.277 years. Participants were required to perform a task of moving 4 abstract objects onto corresponding platforms with their right hand, while periodically rotating the object by 90°, 180°, or 270°. The motion tracking system monitored the movement of trackers located on the subject’s right thumb and index finger, on the subject’s right wrist, and on the object and the subject’s special glasses.Results. To assess the effect of object rotation on motor planning, the data were grouped according to the angle of rotation. A one-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures was used. The results showed statistically significant differences:total movement time as a function of turning angle: F(3.45) = 5.014, p = 0.004;time to reach the grasping target: F(3.45) = 61.79, p = 0.001;object motion time: F(3.45) = 14.641, p = 0.001;time to reach maximum capture aperture: F(3.45) = 8.559, p = 0.001.Conclusion. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that object rotation during movement affects both the preparation and execution of the movement itself. The planning and executing the movement with the object rotated 180° was easier and faster than with 90° and 270° rotations. The testing allows distinguishing the stages of planning and preparation of the movement from the execution of the movement itself. Using this approach in patients with central nervous system lesions helps to assess and monitor the state of motor function, which is important for monitoring the recovery process.

Development of a Predictive Model Based on the Alignment Tool in the Early Stages of Projects: The Case of Saudi Arabia Infrastructure Projects

The construction industry plays a substantial role in shaping the economies of many countries. Construction management faces various challenges that can lead to project failures, particularly in infrastructure projects struggling to meet cost and time requirements. Inadequate project planning and the intricate nature of construction projects can cause participants’ project goals to not align. It is crucial to address these challenges early in the planning stages to ensure project success. This research involved investigating previous studies to understand current practices for improving infrastructure project planning and selecting the best pre-project planning tool. Infrastructure projects in the Saudi construction industry are used as a case study. A questionnaire was prepared based on essential alignment issues affecting team alignment during pre-project planning. Participants rated the level of agreement with alignment issues and the overall success of a project they worked on. The study utilized descriptive and inferential analysis techniques to assess infrastructure project success rates and develop a predictive model driven by the alignment tool. Multiple linear regression techniques were used during the model’s development, and validation and reliability outputs were obtained. By evaluating all relevant stakeholders, the model generates a score to facilitate the pre-project planning process, increasing the likelihood of project success. The study found that the model’s predictive accuracy was 94%. This research is significant in creating a predictive model applicable to infrastructure projects, enhancing project management practices by enabling project teams to evaluate project progress, identify projects in need of corrective action, and ultimately improve project performance, leading to cost and time savings.

Analisis Penerapan Sistem dan Prosedur Akuntansi dalam Pengelolaan Dana Desa

This research aims to analyze the application of accounting systems and procedures in managing Village funds. This research was conducted in Geliting village, Kewapante District, Sikka Regency. This research data was obtained from several data collection techniques, namely through observation and interviews. The results of this research indicate that the accounting system and procedures in managing village funds in Geliting Village are in accordance with Permendagri No. 113 of 2014 which includes: (1) In the planning stage, the Geliting village government involves the community to play an active role in the village fund planning process. (2) In the implementation stage, the village government carries out all programs mutually agreed between village officials and the community which prioritizes community needs. (3) The administration stage, in the form of recording transactions, both receipts and expenditures, in the general cash book, tax assistant cash book and bank cash book. (4) Reporting stage, in the form of submitting a report on budget realization which is carried out in two stages. (5) Accountability stage, in the form of the obligation of the village government to be accountable for budget realization reports to the central district government. However, at the reporting stage in the form of submitting reports on budget realization, delays often occur for several years.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar

This research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of class IV students at SD Negeri Bulakrejo 03 Sukoharjo on the learning content of Pancasila Education with material on the application of Pancasila in social life. The aim of this research is to find out the results of improving learning outcomes by implementing the PBL (Problem Based Learning) learning model in elementary schools. The subjects of this research were fourth grade students at SD Negeri Bulakrejo 03 Sukoharjo with a total of 30 students. This research uses classroom action research procedures consisting of planning, implementation, observation and reflection stages. Data collection techniques in this research used observation, tests and documentation. The criteria for assessing success in this material are 70 from 1-100 points in accordance with the criteria for completing the minimum PPKn lesson content. The research results show that the application of the PBL (Problem Based Learning) learning model can improve PPKn learning outcomes. At the pre-cycle stage the average student score was 65.25; in cycle I with a value of 75,60; and in cycle II it increased to 81.93. The use of the PBL (Problem Based Learning) learning model has been proven to improve student learning outcomes.

Life Cycle Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Remediation Technologies: A Literature Review

The remediation of environments contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has become a growing priority due to the persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic characteristics of these compounds. To promote green and sustainable remediation practices, it is crucial to assess and minimize the environmental impacts of PFAS remediation projects through life cycle assessment (LCA) at the early stages of planning. So far, no systematic literature review has been published to assess the current state of the art or identify the challenges associated with applying LCA to PFAS remediation. This article provides a review of the recent literature on LCAs of PFAS remediation, following the ISO 14040 and 14044 standards. The results indicate that the application of LCA to PFAS remediation remains in its infancy and is highly fragmented. Significant methodological variations, including differences in system boundaries and data quality, hinder the comparability and benchmarking of LCA results across studies. To enhance the use of LCA as a decision support tool for environmental assessment, there is a pressing need for methodological harmonization and improved practices. Key areas for improvement include enhancing data quality, reducing uncertainties, and increasing the robustness of PFAS LCAs, thereby enabling more informed and sustainable decision-making in PFAS remediation efforts.

Optimised Two-Layer Configuration of SESS-CCHP System Considering Wind and Light Output Correlation and Load Sensitivity

With the gradual depletion of fossil energy sources and the diversification of users’ energy demand, combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) microgrids have become a hot technology to improve energy efficiency and promote efficient and synergistic energy operation. However, the uncertainty and correlation of wind power and photovoltaic (PV) outputs have posed a great challenge to the reliability of CCHP system operation, so CCHP systems are often equipped with energy storage devices to improve system flexibility to ensure the reliability of energy supply. However, system-owned reserves still have shortcomings such as high investment O&M costs and large space requirements. As an emerging model, “shared energy storage” can reduce the investment pressure of users and open up new ways for the economic and stable operation of CCHP systems. Therefore, based on the scenario of wind and solar power correlation and considering different types of load flexibility, this paper proposes to construct a shared energy storage station (SESS)-CCHP double-layer synergistic optimal allocation model. The model incorporates the consideration of the actual operation strategy of the CCHP system in the planning stage of energy storage. An example analysis shows that SESS reduces the total operating cost of the CCHP system by 25.96% and improves the new energy consumption rate by 10.46% compared with no energy storage. Compared with the system independently configured with energy storage, the cost saving is 2.14%, thus validating the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Modern methods of 3D diagnostics and prototyping in temporomandibular joint reconstruction

This study presents the result of work using an optimized approach to preoperative planning and prototyping during TMJ replacement. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the need for the use of 3D technologies at the planning stage of surgical joint reconstruction. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the treatment data of 90 patients, who were divided into 2 groups. In the first group (n = 60), patients underwent preliminary planning followed by the manufacture of individual endoprostheses and templates, while the data in the second group (n = 30) were obtained through a retrospective analysis of medical records (no planning was carried out, stock endoprostheses were used). Pain, mouth opening, and quality of life scores were used for comparison. Data analysis supports the use of three-dimensional planning and manufacturing of individual endoprostheses and templates when performing temporomandibular joint replacement.

MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN FIQIH DI TK DARUL HIKMAH GARUT

Fiqh learning is one of the learning that discusses the foundations of Islamic religious values. The existence of Fiqh learning at this early age level is a very good thing, this is because in the development of early childhood, the development can still be said to be very stable. This study aims to describe the delivery of Fiqh learning at Darul Hikmah Kindergarten Garut. This research was qualitative research conducted at Darul Hikmah Kindergarten Garut, West Java. The data collection technique used interviews with Islamic Education Teachers at Darul Hikmah Kindergarten Garut, observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the delivery of Fiqh learning at Darul Hikmah Kindergarten Garut is carried out through three stages, namely the planning, implementing and evaluating stages. At the planning stage, it is done by preparing a learning plan at the beginning of the semester. At the implementing stage, fiqh learning at Darul Hikmah Kindergarten is included in religious learning which is usually carried out once a week, precisely on Fridays by using the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. At the evaluation stage, it is carried out using checklists, anecdotal notes, or verbal exams.

Determination of outdoor thermal comfort thresholds for hot and semi-arid climates: A field study of residential neighbourhoods in Jaipur city

Outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) plays a vital role in enhancing the livability and well-being of urban residents, making it an essential area of research, particularly in the context of climate change. However, few studies have specifically focused on hot and semi-arid regions, especially within residential environments. This study seeks to address this gap by assessing OTC in various residential areas classified as Local Climate Zones (LCZs), ensuring a diverse range of survey locations to evaluate people's comfort and stress levels. Using the Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) index, the study calibrated the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) scale for hot and semi-arid climates. In Jaipur, micrometeorological data was monitored alongside thermal perceptions, resulting in 2,428 valid responses gathered during both summer and winter seasons, between 09:00 and 21:00 h, when outdoor activity is common. The analysis revealed that microclimate parameters significantly influence thermal sensations in outdoor environments. Respondents showed high tolerance levels during summer, with variations in thermoneutrality, acceptability, preferences, and comfort across different built typologies. The threshold values identified in this study offer valuable insights for urban planners and designers, enabling them to enhance outdoor thermal comfort during the planning stages, ultimately creating more comfortable and livable urban spaces for residents.

포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 통한 교사용 교사-학생 관계 척도 개발의 방향성 탐색

Objectives This study seeks to explore the direction of developing a teacher-student relationship scale as perceived by teachers. Methods For this purpose, focus group interviews were conducted with six elementary and middle school teachers who are field education experts. FGI was conducted in four stages: planning, recruitment, progress, analysis, and reporting. In the planning stage, an interview questionnaire, which was a research tool, was constructed. At the research participant recruitment stage, six people were selected as research subjects according to the selection criteria. Interviews were conducted at the proceeding stage. In the analysis and reporting stage, the collected data were analyzed. Results The results derived through FGI are as follows. First, the teacher-student relationship is one of positive interaction based on trust. And it was said that among the many relationships a teacher has, the relationship with students is the most important. Second, components such as listening, intimacy, immediate feedback, accessibility, respect and acceptance, and trust were extracted. In addition, the teacher's professional and human areas were divided into evaluation items. Third, matters to be considered when developing a teacher-student relationship scale were presented in terms of content and method. It was also reported that it can be used as basic data for teachers' self-understanding and self-inspection. Conclusions The significance of this study is to explore the direction of developing a teacher-student relationship scale as perceived by teachers in the future based on an in-depth analysis of FGI.

METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR MANAGING BUSINESS PROCESSES OF COMPANIES ON THE BASIS OF A REFLEXIVE APPROACH

The article actualizes the issues of methodological support for managing business processes of companies on the basis of a reflective approach. It is argued that a reflective approach to management helps to avoid problems at the planning stages and contributes to the development of companies. It allows minimizing financial losses, responding promptly to changes, and adjusting the course of the company's business processes. However, no methodological support has been developed to support the management of business processes based on a reflexive approach, which is the purpose of this work and defines its objectives. To implement the above, the author analyses the existing methods and models that ensure the management of business processes with consideration of reflection, studies their problems and bottlenecks, and on the basis of this the author's matrix method of business process management based on the reflexive approach is substantiated. The advantages of the proposed method are: the use of the appropriate categorical and conceptual apparatus (“Levels of reflection”, “Indicators of the level of reflection”, etc.); the possibility of substantiating the directions of business process management, determined by the options described for each level of reflection; ease of use of the matrix due to its adaptability for the use of quantitative estimates obtained by the algorithm of fuzzy set theory (Mamdani), which avoids subjectivity; the flexibility of the method, due to the principles of building the GE/McKinsey matrix, helps to prevent static results and simplify them.