Stages Of Cycle Research Articles

Aging promotes accumulation of senescent and multiciliated cells in human endometrial epithelium.

What changes occur in the endometrium during aging, and do they impact fertility? Both the transcriptome and cellular composition of endometrial samples from women of advanced maternal age (AMA) are significantly different from that of samples from young women, suggesting specific changes in epithelial cells that may affect endometrial receptivity. Aging is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells in aging tissues. Reproductive aging is mostly attributed to the decline in ovarian reserve and oocyte quality, whereas the endometrium is a unique complex tissue that is monthly renewed under hormonal regulation. Several clinical studies have reported lower implantation and pregnancy rates in oocyte recipients of AMA during IVF. Molecular studies have indicated the presence of specific mutations within the epithelial cells of AMA endometrium, along with altered gene expression of bulk endometrial tissue. Endometrial transcriptome profiling was performed for 44 women undergoing HRT during the assessment of endometrial receptivity before IVF. Patients younger than 28 years were considered as the young maternal age (YMA) group (age 23-27 years) and women older than 45 years were considered as the AMA group (age 47-50 years). Endometrial biopsies were obtained on Day 5 of progesterone treatment and RNA was extracted. All endometrial samples were evaluated as being receptive based on the expression of 68 common endometrial receptivity markers. Endometrial samples from another 24 women classified into four age groups (YMA, intermediate age group 1 (IMA1, age 29-35), intermediate age group 2 (IMA2, age 36-44), and AMA) were obtained in the mid-secretory stage of a natural cycle (NC) and used for validation studies across the reproductive lifespan. A total of 24 HRT samples (12 YMA and 12 AMA) were subject to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and differential gene expression analysis, 20 samples (10 YMA and 10 AMA) were used for qPCR validation, and 24 NC samples (6 YMA, 6 IMA1, 6 IMA2 and 6AMA) were used for RNA-seq validation of AMA genes across the woman's reproductive lifespan. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to confirm some expression changes at the protein level. Computational deconvolution using six endometrial cell type-specific transcriptomic profiles was conducted to compare the cellular composition between the groups. Comparisons between YMA and AMA samples identified a lower proportion of receptive endometria in the AMA group (P = 0.007). Gene expression profiling identified 491 differentially expressed age-sensitive genes (P adj < 0.05) that revealed the effects of age on endometrial epithelial growth and receptivity, likely contributing to decreased reproductive performance. Our results indicate that changes in the expression of the cellular senescence marker p16INK4a and genes associated with metabolism, inflammation, and hormone response are involved in endometrial aging. Importantly, we demonstrate that the proportion of multi-ciliated cells, as discovered based on RNA-seq data deconvolution and tissue IHC results, is affected by endometrial aging, and propose a putative onset of age-related changes. Furthermore, we propose that aging has an impact on the transcriptomic profile of endometrial tissue in the context of endometrial receptivity. The raw sequencing data reported in this article are deposited at the Gene Expression Omnibus under accession code GSE236128. This retrospective study identified changes in the endometrium of patients undergoing hormonal replacement and validated these changes using samples obtained during a NC. However, future studies must clarify the importance of these findings on the clinical outcomes of assisted reproduction. The findings reported in this study have important implications for devising future strategies aimed at improving fertility management in women of advanced reproductive age. This research was funded by the Estonian Research Council (grant no. PRG1076), Horizon 2020 innovation grant (ERIN, grant no. EU952516), Enterprise Estonia (grant no. EU48695), MSCA-RISE-2020 project TRENDO (grant no. 101008193), EU 874867 project HUTER, the Horizon Europe NESTOR grant (grant no. 101120075) of the European Commission, the EVA specialty program (grant no. KP111513) of the Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER, EU projects Endo-Map (grant no. PID2021-12728OB-100), ROSY (grant no. CNS2022-135999), and the National Science Fund of Bulgaria (grant no. KII-06 H31/2). The authors declare no competing interests.

Leslie Matrix Model For Euphorbia Hirta L Population

Invasive species management has developed into a highly specialized field utilizing a systems approach. It requires knowledge of their life history, growth requirements, and population dynamics that integrate their biology and control. The foundation of strategic planning for the management of invasive species is laid by demographic studies, which record the birth, growth, reproduction, and death of individuals within a population. The present study makes use of the Discrete Leslie Matrix Model to analyze the growth in the age-structured population of Euphorbia hirta, an invasive species in agrosystems, identify critical stages in the species' life cycle, and project the structure and size of future population.

Developing systemic therapies in a specialist perinatal mental health service using an attachment narrative therapy approach

This paper describes the development of systemic therapies in a Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Service (SPMHS) that developed Attachment Narrative Therapy (ANT) specifically for families in the perinatal stage of the family life cycle. ANT offers a good fit in the perinatal period, integrating systemic family therapy, narrative therapy, and attachment theory. From pregnancy to the child being two is a family life cycle stage of great change and reorganisation. This involves opportunities and challenges for attachments and relationships between parents, the baby and wider family/carers. Attending to cross-generational narratives and attachments are important in ensuring the perinatal stage is navigated successfully. Peri-ANT, a semi-structured version of ANT, was developed as a manualised approach. It can be flexibly adapted to the unique circumstances of each family. The paper describes the perinatal context, service needs and priorities, and the development of Peri-ANT including construction of the manual and how it was delivered.

Phenological alignment of a galling insect used as biocontrol agent for an invasive tree following hemisphere translocation

Acacia longifolia is one of the most widespread invasive alien plant species along coastal areas in Portugal. In South Africa, this species is also invasive and has been controlled for over 40 years by the Australian gall wasp Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae. This biological control agent was introduced in Portugal in 2015, being released immediately after import, i.e., without a laboratory rearing period to adjust the life cycle, and is now established in many locations along the coast. When released in the northern hemisphere, the agent came from the austral spring, with the host-plants having tiny buds, and faced boreal winter with host-plants having large buds. As such it had to synchronize its life cycle with the seasons and phenology of the host-plant in this new location. Both locations have mild summer Mediterranean climates. The present work aims to better understand the life cycle of T. acaciaelongifoliae in the northern hemisphere and how it has aligned its phenology to these new conditions, namely different host-plant phenology and seasons. Two sites were selected (Pataias and São Jacinto), and monitored monthly, from November 2021 to October 2022, to: i) describe the early stages of the life cycle, since oviposition, by collecting and dissecting A. longifolia buds of 5 branches/five trees/site; ii) characterize the stages of the life cycle of T. acaciaelongifoliae inside the developing galls, by collecting and analysing 50 galls/site; and iii) monitoring the development of galls on 10 A. longifolia marked branches/ five trees, in the field. The results suggest that T. acaciaelongifoliae in the northern hemisphere has a univoltine life cycle, but the generations are not completely synchronized at the two sites and even within each site. It is not excluded that two generations may occur throughout the year, i.e., a bivoltine cycle, in some individuals. The alignment of the life cycle may not yet be stabilized. The life cycle seems to be more advanced in the site located further south, Pataias, where adults emerged earlier. Reproductive galls dominated in almost all months, as in South Africa. The present work advances the knowledge on the life cycle of T. acaciaelongifoliae, especially in the northern hemisphere, providing details about the timings and duration of each life cycle stage in this new location. These results are relevant for the management of A. longifolia, stressing the plasticity of the agent life cycle which can facilitate the planning of the biocontrol agent releases in new locations.

Ultrastructural comparison of the larval midguts between Trypoxylus dichotomus (Linnaeus, 1771) and Anomala corpulenta (Motschulsky, 1854) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Larvae are the most important feeding and developmental stage in the life cycle of insects. Correspondingly, the larval midguts, as the primary digestive organs, undergo diverse specialization among insect lineages. Larvae of Scarabaeoidae, commomly known as white grubs, exhibit diversity on feeding habits at the familial or subfamilial level. However, the ultrastructure of larval midguts is not yet satisfactorily understood. In this study, the larval midguts of Trypoxylus dichotomus and Anomala corpulenta were compared using light and transmission electron microscopy for the first time, to uncover the ultrastructural differences between the midguts of saprophagous and phytophagous white grubs. The larval midguts of both species are tubular with three circles of the gastric caeca, and share morphological similarities in midgut epithelial cells, layers of basal lamina, and the digestive and regenerative cells. However, the midguts of the two species differ significantly in the shape of the gastric caeca and exhibit slightly differences in muscle structure. The morphology of larval midgut is related to the feeding habits.

Help or Hinder: Protein Host Factors That Impact HIV-1 Replication.

Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the host factors or restriction factors of its target cells determine the cell's susceptibility to, and outcome of, infection. Factors intrinsic to the cell are involved at every step of the HIV-1 replication cycle, contributing to productive infection and replication, or severely attenuating the chances of success. Furthermore, factors unique to certain cell types contribute to the differences in infection between these cell types. Understanding the involvement of these factors in HIV-1 infection is a key requirement for the development of anti-HIV-1 therapies. As the list of factors grows, and the dynamic interactions between these factors and the virus are elucidated, comprehensive and up-to-date summaries that recount the knowledge gathered after decades of research are beneficial to the field, displaying what is known so that researchers can build off the groundwork of others to investigate what is unknown. Herein, we aim to provide a review focusing on protein host factors, both well-known and relatively new, that impact HIV-1 replication in a positive or negative manner at each stage of the replication cycle, highlighting factors unique to the various HIV-1 target cell types where appropriate.

The drivers of intra‐ and interregional labor mobility over the industry life cycle of the high‐tech sector

AbstractIn this article, we analyze how industry‐ and region‐specific characteristics influence individual‐level decisions on mobility within and between regions during the life cycle of the industry. Using uniquely detailed panel‐type data from the Finnish high technology sector, our analysis demonstrates that the influence of different regional features varies for different types of job changes and labor mobility and also according to the industry life cycle. We find that the classic agglomeration‐type arguments regarding labor search and matching only really operate in the early growth stages of an industry life cycle. These patterns change throughout the various stages of the industry life cycle, although in quite different ways according to different factors, and understanding how these patterns change helps to provide a richer understanding of the labor market roles of agglomeration and clustering.

Saliva and plasma metabolome changes during anoestrus, the oestrous cycle and early gestation in the mare: A pilot study

Successful reproductive management of domestic mammals depends primarily upon timely identification of oestrous cycle stages. There is a need to develop an alternative non-invasive, welfare-friendly, accurate and reliable method to identify reproductive cycle stages. This is of particular interest for horse breeders, because horses are high-value farm animals that require careful management and individual monitoring. Saliva sampling is non-invasive, painless and welfare-friendly. Thus, we performed a metabolomic analysis of equine saliva during different reproductive stages to identify changes in the salivary metabolome during anoestrus, the oestrous cycle and early gestation. We compared the saliva and plasma metabolomes to investigate the relationship between the two fluids according to the physiological stage. We collected saliva and plasma samples from six mares during seasonal anoestrus, during the follicular phase 3 days, 2 days and 1 day before ovulation and the day when ovulation was detected, during the luteal phase 6 days after ovulation, and during early gestation 18 days after ovulation and insemination. Metabolome analysis was performed by proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We identified 58 and 51 metabolites in saliva and plasma, respectively. The levels of four metabolites or groups of metabolites in saliva and five metabolites or groups of metabolites in plasma showed significant modifications during the 4 days until ovulation, ie 3 days prior to and on the day of ovulation. The levels of 11 metabolites or groups of metabolites in saliva and 17 metabolites or groups of metabolites in plasma were significantly different between the seasonal anoestrus and the ovarian cyclicity period. The physiological mechanisms involved in the onset of ovarian cyclicity and in ovulation induced modifications of the metabolome both in plasma and saliva. The metabolites whose salivary levels changed during the reproductive cycle could be potential salivary biomarkers to detect the reproductive stage in a welfare friendly production system. In particular, we propose creatine and alanine as candidate salivary biomarkers of ovulation and of the onset of ovarian cyclicity, respectively. However, extensive validation of their reliability is required. Our study contributes to extend to domestic mammals the use of saliva as a non-invasive alternative diagnostic fluid for reproduction in a welfare-friendly production system.

Biomolecular condensates with liquid properties formed during viral infections

During a viral infection, several membraneless compartments with liquid properties are formed. They can be of viral origin concentrating viral proteins and nucleic acids, and harboring essential stages of the viral cycle, or of cellular origin containing components involved in innate immunity. This is a paradigm shift in our understanding of viral replication and the interaction between viruses and innate cellular immunity.

A lightweight deep learning architecture for malaria parasite-type classification and life cycle stage detection

Malaria is an endemic in various tropical countries. The gold standard for disease detection is to examine the blood smears of patients by an expert medical professional to detect malaria parasite called Plasmodium. In the rural areas of underdeveloped countries, with limited infrastructure, a scarcity of healthcare professionals, an absence of sufficient computing devices, and a lack of widespread internet access, this task becomes more challenging. A severe case of malaria can be fatal within one week, so the correct detection of the malaria parasite and its life cycle stage is crucial in treating the disease correctly. Though computer vision-based malaria detection has been adequately explored lately, the malaria life cycle stage classification is still a relatively unexplored field. In this paper, we introduce a fast and robust deep learning methodology to not only classify the malaria parasite-type detection but also the life cycle stage identification of the infected cell. The proposed deep learning architecture is more than twenty times lighter than the widely used DenseNet and has less than 0.4 million parameters, making it a good candidate to be used in the mobile applications of such economically challenged states for malaria detection. We have used four different publicly available malaria datasets to test the proposed architecture and gained significantly better results than the current state of the art on malaria parasite-type and malaria life cycle classification.

PRRSV utilizes MALT1-regulated autophagy flux to switch virus spread and reserve

ABSTRACT Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major swine pathogen, which can survive host antiviral immunity with various mechanisms. PRRSV infection induces macroautophagy/autophagy, facilitating virus replication. MALT1, a central immune regulator, was manipulated by PRRSV to optimize viral infection at different stages of the virus cycle. In this study, the key role of MALT1 in autophagy regulation during PRRSV infection was characterized, enlightening the role of autophagy flux in favor of virus spread and persistent infection. PRRSV-induced autophagy was confirmed to facilitate virus proliferation. Furthermore, autophagic fusion was dynamically regulated during PRRSV infection. Importantly, PRRSV-induced MALT1 facilitated autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autolysosome formation, thus contributing to autophagy flux and virus proliferation. Mechanically, MALT1 regulated autophagy via mediating MTOR-ULK1 and -TFEB signaling and affecting lysosomal homeostasis. MALT1 inhibition by inhibitor Mi-2 or RNAi induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), leading to the block of autophagic fusion. Further, MALT1 overexpression alleviated PRRSV-induced LMP via inhibiting ROS generation. In addition, blocking autophagy flux suppressed virus release significantly, indicating that MALT1-maintained complete autophagy flux during PRRSV infection favors successful virus spread and its proliferation. In contrast, autophagosome accumulation upon MALT1 inhibition promoted PRRSV reserve for future virus proliferation once the autophagy flux recovers. Taken together, for the first time, these findings elucidate that MALT1 was utilized by PRRSV to regulate host autophagy flux, to determine the fate of virus for either proliferation or reserve. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BFP/mBFP: monomeric blue fluorescent protein; CQ: chloroquine; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; dsRNA: double-stranded RNA; GFP: green fluorescent protein; hpi: hours post infection; IFA: indirect immunofluorescence assay; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LGALS3: galectin 3; LLOMe: L-leucyl-L-leucine-methyl ester; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MALT1: MALT1 paracaspase; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; nsp: nonstructural protein; ORF: open reading frame; pAb: polyclonal antibody; PRRSV: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; PRRSV-N: PRRSV nucleocapsid protein; Rapa: rapamycin; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SBI: SBI-0206965; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose; TFEB: transcription factor EB; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.

COMSE: analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data using community detection-based feature selection

BackgroundSingle-cell RNA sequencing enables studying cells individually, yet high gene dimensions and low cell numbers challenge analysis. And only a subset of the genes detected are involved in the biological processes underlying cell-type specific functions.ResultIn this study, we present COMSE, an unsupervised feature selection framework using community detection to capture informative genes from scRNA-seq data. COMSE identified homogenous cell substates with high resolution, as demonstrated by distinguishing different cell cycle stages. Evaluations based on real and simulated scRNA-seq datasets showed COMSE outperformed methods even with high dropout rates in cell clustering assignment. We also demonstrate that by identifying communities of genes associated with batch effects, COMSE parses signals reflecting biological difference from noise arising due to differences in sequencing protocols, thereby enabling integrated analysis of scRNA-seq datasets of different sources.ConclusionsCOMSE provides an efficient unsupervised framework that selects highly informative genes in scRNA-seq data improving cell sub-states identification and cell clustering. It identifies gene subsets that reveal biological and technical heterogeneity, supporting applications like batch effect correction and pathway analysis. It also provides robust results for bulk RNA-seq data analysis.

Methods of karyoplast cell cycle synchronization for increasing the efficiency of somatic cloning of farm animals

This article is aimed to the analysis of methods for synchronizing the cell cycle of the somatic cells (karyoplasts) upon somatic cloning of farm animals. To obtain cloned animals, the oocytes at the metaphase of the second meiotic division without prior activation are applied as recipient cells in most experiments. In most experiments to obtain cloned offspring, oocytes are used as recipient cells at metaphase of the second meiotic division without prior activation, which determines the choice of somatic cells as karyoplasts at the G0/G1 stage, the most optimal for subsequent nuclear reprogramming by oocyte cytoplasmic factors. The most commonly used methods for arresting cells in this phase are serum starvation and/or contact inhibition, which allows up to 90% of cells to be stopped at the G0/G1 stage. However, despite the effectiveness of these methods, they have a number of significant limitations, and therefore the addition of components to the culture medium of somatic cells that prevent the progression of cells through the cell cycle stages is becoming widespread. The advantage of using chemical inhibitors is the ability of a number of them to have a protective effect on somatic cells, preventing the induction of apoptotic changes. The efficacy of butyrolactone-I, mimosine and aphidicolin application is controversial but a number of studies attests the possible using of these drugs to synchronize the karyoplasts. Thus, there is a wide range of methods for effective synchronization of the cell cycle of karyoplasts, and when choosing the optimal method, one should pay attention to the type of cells, the species of animals from which they were obtained, the permissible duration of cultivation under given conditions in order to minimize the negative impact of conditions on karyoplast viability.

Extending Genetic Algorithms with Biological Life-Cycle Dynamics.

In this paper, we aim to enhance genetic algorithms (GAs) by integrating a dynamic model based on biological life cycles. This study addresses the challenge of maintaining diversity and adaptability in GAs by incorporating stages of birth, growth, reproduction, and death into the algorithm's framework. We consider an asynchronous execution of life cycle stages to individuals in the population, ensuring a steady-state evolution that preserves high-quality solutions while maintaining diversity. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed extension outperforms traditional GAs and is as good or better than other well-known and well established algorithms like PSO and EvoSpace in various benchmark problems, particularly regarding convergence speed and solution qu/ality. The study concludes that incorporating biological life-cycle dynamics into GAs enhances their robustness and efficiency, offering a promising direction for future research in evolutionary computation.

Rethinking time-lagged emissions and abatement potential of fluorocarbons in the post-Kigali Amendment era

The Montreal Protocol has been successful in safeguarding the ozone layer and curbing climate change. However, accurately estimating and reducing the time-lagged emissions of ozone-depleting substances or their substitutes, such as produced but not-yet-emitted fluorocarbon banks, remains a significant challenge. Here, we use a dynamic material flow analysis model to characterize the global stocks and flows of two fluorocarbon categories, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), from 1986 to 2060. We assess emission pathways, time-lagged emission sizes, and potential abatement measures throughout different life cycle stages while focusing on the role of banked fluorocarbons in global and regional decarbonization efforts in the post-Kigali Amendment era. Although fluorocarbon releases are expected to decline, the cumulative global warming potential (GWP)-weighted emissions of HCFCs and HFCs are significant; these will be 6.4 (±1.2) and 14.8 (±2.5) gigatons CO2-equivalent, respectively, in 2022–2060 in our business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. Scenario analysis demonstrates that implementing currently available best environmental practices in developed economies can reduce cumulative GWP-weighted emissions by up to 45% compared with the BAU scenario.

Future Prospects of the Assembly Model for MEP Systems in Chinese Buildings: A Whole Life Cycle Perspective

The assembly building M&amp;E (Monitoring and Evaluation) system is a vital part of the transformation of China’s construction industry, featuring intelligent control, high efficiency, and high safety. The article provides a comprehensive review of research related to assembly M&amp;E systems from the perspective of the whole life cycle of assembly, containing 125 journal articles from 1993 to 2024. The article analyzes some policies with updated iterations in the United States, Japan, Germany, Denmark, France, and the European Union. The literature review and semi-structured interviews with experts identified significant constraints limiting the various stages of the entire life cycle of assembled MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) systems. The absence of uniform design standards, personnel collaboration, prefabricated component testing, transportation, information utilization, intelligent testing, and recycling of disassemblability that can occur in the entire life cycle of assembled MEP systems are summarized. Finally, the article suggests that assembly M&amp;E systems can be shared and marketed to improve the economic viability of assembly M&amp;E systems and their wide application in the areas of technology, platform, and demand.

Using machine learning to dissect host kinases required for Leishmania internalization and development.

The Leishmania life cycle alternates between promastigotes, found in the sandfly, and amastigotes, found in mammals. When an infected sandfly bites a host, promastigotes are engulfed by phagocytes (i.e., neutrophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages) to establish infection. When these phagocytes die or break down, amastigotes must be re-internalized to survive within the acidic phagolysosome and establish disease. To define host kinase regulators of Leishmania promastigote and amastigote uptake and survival within macrophages, we performed an image-based kinase regression screen using a panel of 38 kinase inhibitors with unique yet overlapping kinase targets. We also targeted inert beads to complement receptor 3 (CR3) or Fcγ receptors (FcR) as controls by coating them with complement/C3bi or IgG respectively. Through this approach, we identified several putative host kinases that regulate receptor-mediated phagocytosis and/or the uptake of L. amazonensis. Findings included kinases previously implicated in Leishmania uptake (such as Src family kinases (SFK), Abl family kinases (ABL1/c-Abl, ABL2/Arg), and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)), but we also uncovered many novel kinases. Our methods also predicted host kinases necessary for promastigotes to convert to amastigotes or for amastigotes to survive within macrophages. Overall, our results suggest that the concerted action of multiple interconnected networks of host kinases are needed over the course of Leishmania infection, and that the kinases required for the parasite's life cycle may differ substantially depending on which receptors are bound and the life cycle stage that is internalized. In addition, using our screen, we identified kinases that appear to preferentially regulate the uptake of parasites over beads, indicating that the methods required for Leishmania to be internalized by macrophages may differ significantly from generalized phagocytic mechanisms. Our findings are intended to be used as a hypothesis generation resource for the broader scientific community studying the roles of kinases in host-pathogen interactions.

Цифровизация предприятий ракетно-космической промышленности в условиях новой промышленной революции

This article is devoted to the study of the processes of digitalization of rocket and space industry enterprises in the conditions of the new industrial revolution. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of advanced digital solutions at various stages of the product life cycle, their advantages and disadvantages. The successful practices of leading enterprises in the rocket and space industry and their impact on the efficiency, quality and competitiveness of the industry are considered. The driving directions of digitalization of certain areas of activity of the enterprises under study, the degree of their viability and resistance to the challenges of new industrialization have been identified. The results of the study indicate the excessive closedness of enterprises in the rocket and space industry and the redundancy of their government regulation, which slow down the processes of diffusion of digital solutions. It has been established that strengthening Russia’s technological leadership in the space sector is possible through the sovereignty of industrial and breakthrough solutions in the digitalization of rocket and space industry enterprises.

The estrous cycle modulates hippocampal spine dynamics, dendritic processing, and spatial coding.

Histological evidence suggests that the estrous cycle exerts a powerful effect on CA1 neurons in mammalian hippocampus. Decades have passed since this landmark observation, yet how the estrous cycle shapes dendritic spine dynamics and hippocampal spatial coding in vivo remains a mystery. Here, we used a custom hippocampal microperiscope and two-photon calcium imaging to track CA1 pyramidal neurons in female mice over multiple cycles. Estrous cycle stage had a potent effect on spine dynamics, with heightened density during periods of greater estradiol (proestrus). These morphological changes were accompanied by greater somatodendritic coupling and increased infiltration of back-propagating action potentials into the apical dendrite. Finally, tracking CA1 response properties during navigation revealed enhanced place field stability during proestrus, evident at the single-cell and population level. These results establish the estrous cycle as a driver of large-scale structural and functional plasticity in hippocampal circuits essential for learning and memory.

Tenebrio Molitor breeding rejects as a high source of pure chitin and chitosan: Role of the processes, influence of the life cycle stages and comparison with Hermetia illucens

This work valorizes rejects from Tenebrio Molitor TM breeding through the production of chitin and chitosan. Two processes are proposed for extracting chitin from larval exuviae and adult. The first process P1 provides chitin with high contents compared to literature data but the characterization shows the presence of impurities in the exuviae chitin responsible for the shifts in the values of the physicochemical characteristics towards those presented by γ chitin. These impurities are removed by delipidation and pure α chitin is obtained. The effective delipidation of this chitin would be linked to its fibrous surface structure. The analysis of the results of P1 led us to develop a second extraction process P2 which provides pure chitin with improved yields using delipidation followed by deproteinization. The N-deacetylation of chitin according to Kurita or Broussignac process makes possible the preparation of pure, highly deacetylated chitosan samples (2 % < DA < 12 %) with high yields and controlled molar masses (Mv). A kinetic study of molecular degradation during deacetylation is carried out. A comparison with Hermetia illucens allows to extend the use of insects as a potential source of chitin and chitosan and confirms the role of the source and the processes in the determination of their characteristics.