Stages Of COVID-19 Pandemic Research Articles

Rediscover nearby nature: Exploring the well-being effect and influence factors of camping at different stages of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted people's lifestyles. Camping, as an outdoor activity, has become increasingly popular in urban China, especially during the pandemic. However, existing literature lacks the recognition of changes in the psychological aspects of camping at various stages of health crises. This study developed a comprehensive model to explore the connections between constraints, motivations, satisfaction, and subjective well-being in camping experiences at different stages of COVID-19 pandemic. A two-wave tracking survey was collected in May 2022 during the COVID-19 period, and April 2023 in the post-COVID-19 period. The findings indicate that travelers faced fewer constraints after the health crisis, with their satisfaction levels less affected by these constraints. Travel motivations, however, did not show significant changes. It is worth noting that while camping satisfaction continued to positively impact subjective well-being, its influence notably decreased after the health crisis. This research illuminates the evolving relationship between antecedents and consequences of camping throughout different stages of health crises, providing insights for enhancing camping product and experience design, as well as campground planning and management. Management implicationsThis pioneering study examines camping in nearby natural settings across different phases of COVID-19, elucidating differences in well-being outcomes and factors influencing camping experiences. Findings offers invaluable insights into current practices and management strategies related to camping. Campsite managers need to pay attention to the psychological processes of campers at different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, governments and service providers can tailor products and services based on tourists' evolving needs and psychological changes.

Antibiotic Use Awareness and Practices in the Indian Community During Later Stages of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: An increased overuse of antibiotics coupled with dearth of newer alternatives has worsened antibiotic resistance in LMIC’s like India. The prescription of antibiotics for symptoms similar to COVID-19 infection has aggravated the problem of antibiotic overuse, further worsening antibiotic resistance. This study aims at understanding not only the extent of overuse, but also the social patterns and causes of over-prescription or self medication of antibiotics in India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitude and practices on antibiotic use was conducted from September to October, 2022, using a Google form questionnaire. A virtual snowball technique was used to recruit respondents. Results: A total of 309 responses were received (56% female and 44% male). 59.5% of the respondents were between 15 to 30 years. Surprisingly, in spite of a majority of respondents (around 70%) having a health sciences background, 67.8% of respondents falsely believe that antibiotics speed up recovery from most coughs and colds. 94.8% of respondents had used antibiotics in the last one year. 17.2% of respondents had taken antibiotics without the prescription of a doctor. The most common antibiotic used on prescription and self-medication was Azithromycin. Only 20.7% of respondents took antibiotics on suspicion of having COVID-19, with the most common one being Azithromycin. Conclusion: The study highlights that a greater knowledge on antibiotic use does not necessitate better attitude towards their cautious and rational use. The use of antibiotics for self-limiting indications like cough, cold and sore throat needs to be restricted through stricter regulations.

A multidimensional comparative study of help-seeking messages on Weibo under different stages of COVID-19 pandemic in China.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people posted help-seeking messages on Weibo, a mainstream social media in China, to solve practical problems. As viruses, policies, and perceptions have all changed, help-seeking behavior on Weibo has been shown to evolve in this paper. We compare and analyze the help-seeking messages from three dimensions: content categories, time distribution, and retweeting influencing factors. First, we crawled the help-seeking messages from Weibo, and successively used CNN and xlm-roberta-large models for text classification to analyze the changes of help-seeking messages in different stages from the content categories dimension. Subsequently, we studied the time distribution of help-seeking messages and calculated the time lag using TLCC algorithm. Finally, we analyze the changes of the retweeting influencing factors of help-seeking messages in different stages by negative binomial regression. (1) Help-seekers in different periods have different emphasis on content. (2) There is a significant correlation between new daily help-seeking messages and new confirmed cases in the middle stage (1/1/2022-5/20/2022), with a 16-day time lag, but there is no correlation in the latter stage (12/10/2022-2/25/2023). (3) In all the periods, pictures or videos, and the length of the text have a significant positive effect on the number of retweets of help-seeking messages, but other factors do not have exactly the same effect on the retweeting volume. This paper demonstrates the evolution of help-seeking messages during different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in three dimensions: content categories, time distribution, and retweeting influencing factors, which are worthy of reference for decision-makers and help-seekers, as well as provide thinking for subsequent studies.

Antibiotic Use Awareness and Practices in the Indian Community During Later Stages of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey

BACKGROUND: Irrational prescription of, and self medication with antibiotics is a rampant problem in LMIC'S like India. The prescription of antibiotics for symptoms similar to Covid-19 infection has aggravated the problem of antibiotic overuse, further worsening antimicrobial resistance. This study aims at understanding not only the extent of overuse, but also the social patterns and causes of overprescription or self medication of antibiotics in India. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitude and practices on antibiotic use was conducted from September to October, 2022, using a Google form questionnaire. A virtual snowball technique was used to recruit respondents. RESULTS: A total of 309 responses were received (56% female and 44% male). 59.5% of the respondents were between 15 to 30 years. Surprisingly, inspite of a majority of respondents (around 70%) having a health sciences background, 67.8% of respondents falsely believe that antibiotics speed up recovery from most coughs and colds. 94.8% of respondents had used antibiotics in the last one year.17.2% of respondents had taken antibiotics without the prescription of a doctor. The most common antibiotic used on prescription and self medication was Azithromycin. Only 20.7% of respondents took antibiotics on suspicion of having Covid-19, with the most common one being Azithromycin. CONCLUSION: The study brings to light trends in the awareness and usage of antibiotics with greater emphasis on the Indian medical community. The findings of this study can be used to formulate a more effective Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs to curb antibiotic overuse. The use of antibiotics for self-limiting indications like cough, cold and sore throat needs to be restricted through stricter regulations. The study highlights that a greater knowledge on antibiotic use does not necessitate better attitude towards their cautious and rational use, nor does it guarantee a supportive attitude towards regulations on antibiotic dispensing. In spite of it's significant cardiovascular adverse drug reactions, Azithromycin was found to be the most commonly used antibiotic in our study. Relatively lower rate of self-medication with antibiotics was seen in our study, which might be due to a greater percentage of respondents with a healthcare background, thus exhibiting positive behavior practices on antibiotic use.

Impact of the Global COVID -19 Pandemic on the Earnings of the Construction Industry

The past two and half years has witnessed the huge impact of COVID-19 on the world economy. Construction industry is a pillar of the economy, buildings such as factories and warehouses and structures such as roads, docks, and dams required by various material production departments of the national economy are all products of the construction industry; machinery and equipment of industrial enterprises must also be installed by construction enterprises to form the final production capacity. is going through huge effect caused by COVID-19.This research aims to develop an understanding of how much, from which aspects and at what ratio the COVID -19 pandemic have affected the earning of construction industry by calculating the relative earnings of the construction industry through the data collected about four cities around the world. The result showed that Both the income and cost of the construction industry suffered from loss at the first stage of covid-19 pandemic. While London and NYC went through more loss in construction industry compared with Beijng and Wuhan.

General health status and psychological impact of COVID19 pandemic and curfew on children aging 3 to 12 years

BackgroundCOVID-19 is an infectious disease that was declared as a pandemic and public health emergency in late 2019 and has impacted children's mental health worldwide. This study aimed to assess the general and mental health status of children during different stages of COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify the associated factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study conducted on children aging 3 to 12 years in Kuwait during three different stages of COVID19 pandemic (pre-total curfew, during total curfew, and post-total curfew). The psychological status was assessed using the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria.ResultsOf 2157 children between the age of 3 to 12 years old, 853 (39.5%) reported increased level of aggression, 789 (36.6%) over-crying, 749 (34.7%) sadness, 493 (22.9%) anxiety, 429 (19.9%) anhedonia, 383 (17.8%) confusion, 274 (12.7%) nightmares, 177 (8.2%) avoidance, 174 (8.1%) physical symptoms and 121 (5.6%) bedwetting during the pandemic. General health status was also affected with reported disturbed sleeping pattern (84.6%), altered appetite (50.9%) and weight changes (36.9%), mainly weight gain. Risk factors included being non-national, as well as having lower parental educational level and lower socioeconomic status; while protective factors involved meeting classmates, indoor and outdoor activities, and less screen time.ConclusionsCOVID19 crisis had drastic impact on children's mental and general health, requiring serious action regarding evaluating this generation and intervening accordingly.

Are We All in This Together? CSR as a Marketing Strategy in Times of COVID-19 Crisis

How can we help? This study is to propose how companies can provide help through corporate social responsibility (CSR) marketing strategies in the time of COVID-19 crisis. More specifically, the purpose of this research is to explore the relative effects of three common types of CSR initiatives (philanthropic donation, purchase-triggered donation, and sponsorship-linked marketing) on consumer attitudes (CSR image and consumer identification) and responses (e-WOM and purchase intention) in different stages of COVID-19 pandemic. This research also proposes the moderating effects of COVID-19 related cause type (health and human service), contribution type (money and in-kind donations), and perceived severity of COVID-19 on the relative effectiveness of each CSR initiative. In doing so, this research implies possible practical directions for companies to determine their CSR marketing strategy as well as fills the research gap, especially in the time of COVID-19 or environmental turbulences.

Efficiency of Diagnostic Test for SARS-CoV-2 in a Nursing Home.

Background: there is no consensus on how to optimally use diagnostic tests in each stage of COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this research is to determine the efficiency of sorting positive antibody test quarterly. Methods: this research uses a retrospective, observational study. COVID-19 diagnostic tests performed and avoided refer to a Spanish nursing home. Population: 261 employees and 107 residents. A quarterly antibody test was performed on subjects who had tested positive during the first wave of coronavirus, and a antibody rapid test on the remaining subjects. Results: during the first wave, 24.0% of the employees and 51.4% of the residents had a positive antibody test. Seronegativization was observed in 7.6% of employees and 1.6% of residents. An employee was infected with COVID-19 in September 2020, followed by a nursing home outbreak in October: 118 Polymerase Chain Reactions tests were avoided in residents and 18 in employees, which in turn prevented 15 workers from going on sick leave and the quarantine of 59 residents. This represents savings of about $15,000. Conclusions: our study supports the need to know and apply the strategies for early detection, surveillance and control of COVID-19 for future outbreaks. We conclude that surveillance for positive COVID-19 serology among long-term care staff and residents may be a cost-effective strategy during a pandemic.

Event-related stress, depression, and anxiety in a Mexican sample during the second stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

Efforts are being made around the world to survey the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to describe severity of event-related stress, depression, and anxiety during the second stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, and to explore associations between these variables, sociodemographic characteristics, and specific concerns about COVID-19. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in the State of Mexico from April 8th -18th, 2020, in a sample of men and women between 18-60 years-old. Variables were measured with the Impact of Event Scale-6, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7, and a questionnaire of concerns about COVID-19. A total of 5703 participants were analyzed. Around 24% of participants met significant event-related stress, mild levels of depression and anxiety, as well as high values in all concerns about COVID-19, especially regarding financial disruption, worsening of local security and concern of a family member becoming infected. These concerns associated mild-to-moderately with the indicators of psychological distress. Higher values of event-related stress were found in women, individuals with higher educational attainment and those with any current high-risk medical diagnosis, though the effect sizes were mild. Event-related stress, depression, anxiety, and concerns about COVID-19 reached significant levels during the second stage of the pandemic in Mexico though, overall, not a dysfunctional severity. It is important to report tracking of the progression of these variables during the following phases.

Mental well-being during stages of COVID-19 lockdown among pregnant women and new mothers

BackgroundPregnancy and early motherhood are sensitive times where epidemic disease outbreaks can affect mental health negatively. Countries and health care systems handled the pandemic and lockdowns differently and knowledge about how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental well-being of pregnant women and new mothers is limited and points in different directions.AimTo investigate symptoms of anxiety and depression in a population of pregnant women and new mothers in various stages of infection pressure and lockdown during the first 15 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark.MethodsThe study population was nested an inception cohort of women recruited in their first trimester of pregnancy. Data about mental health of the woman were obtained in relation to pregnancy and child development (first trimester, 8 weeks postpartum and 5 months postpartum), and data were analysed cross-sectionally according to calendar time (periods defined by infection rate and lock-down during the COVID-19 pandemic).ResultsNo differences in reported levels of depressive symptoms between the six examined time periods of the pandemic were observed. Specifically, symptoms remained unchanged after the first lock-down. No major changes in anxiety symptoms were observed in relation to increased infection pressure or lockdowns, but a small increase was observed during the second lockdown in women 8 weeks postpartum.ConclusionNo clear change in mood among pregnant women was seen between during the stages of COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark.

Predicting the popularity of tweets by analyzing public opinion and emotions in different stages of Covid-19 pandemic

In this study, public opinion and emotions regarding different stages of the Covid-19 pandemic from the outbreak of the disease to the distribution of vaccines were analyzed to predict the popularity of tweets. More than 1.25 million English tweets were collected, posted from January 20, 2020, to May 29, 2021. Five sets of content features, including topic analysis, topics plus TF-IDF vectorizer, bag of words (BOW) by TF-IDF vectorizer, document embedding, and document embedding plus TF-IDF vectorizer, were extracted and applied to supervised machine learning algorithms to generate a predictive model for the retweetability of posted tweets. The analysis showed that tweets with higher emotional intensity are more popular than tweets containing information on Covid-19 pandemic. This study can help to detect the public emotions during the pandemic and after vaccination and predict the retweetability of posted tweets in different stages of Covid-19 pandemic.

Factors associated with intention to uptake pneumococcal vaccines among Chinese elderly aged 60 years and older during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Innoculation of pneumococcal vaccines among the elderly is an effective public health policy to prevent pneumococcal diseases and it is widely promoted by many developed countries. The pneumococcal vaccination rate among the elderly in China was only 3.7% in 2019, it grew rapidly during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the psychological and demographic-economic factors related to the uptake behavior of pneumococcal vaccination among the Chinese elderly by using an integrated model based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), and knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP). The theoretical model was tested via structural equation modeling (SEM) with data collected from 516 Chinese older adults aged 60 years and older. Our results suggested that knowledge, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, attitude, and trust had a significant correlation with behavioral intention; behavioral intention and trust had a positive correlation with the uptake behavior, gender, and and education level and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exerted significant moderating effects. To increase the coverage of pneumococcal vaccination among the elderly, it is necessary to provide effective health education by authoritative experts, thereby enhancing their knowledge and positive attitude towardthe vaccination.

Multiplex network reconstruction for the coupled spatial diffusion of infodemic and pandemic of COVID-19

ABSTRACT The pandemic of COVID-19 witnessed a massive infodemic with the public being bombarded with vast quantities of information. The spreading of neutral and highly accurate reports can guide the public to self-protect and reduce the pandemic. Mis- and dis-information would intrigue panic and high exposure risk to epidemic. Although the infodemic has attracted attentions from the academia, it is still not known to what degree and in which direction the information flows contribute to the COVID-19 pandemic. To fill the gap, we apply network reconstruction techniques to rebuild the hidden multiplex network of information and COVID-19 spreading by which we aim at quantifying the interaction between the propagation of information and the spatial outbreak of COVID-19, and delineate between the positive and negative impact of information on the pandemic. By differentiating the types of media that participated in the information process, we find that in the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic, infodemic does play a critical role to amplify the risk of virus outbreak in China and the risk is even larger for those highly developed regions. Compared to the old-fashion media, the new mobile platforms impose a greater risk to reinforce the positive feedback between infodemic and COVID-19 pandemic.

Discharge may not be the end of treatment: Pay attention to pulmonary fibrosis caused by severe COVID-19.

Since December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly swept the world. So far, more than 30 million people have been infected and nearly one million have died. Although the world is still in the stage of COVID-19 pandemic, the treatment of new cases and critically ill patients is the focus of the current work. However, COVID-19 patients lead to pulmonary fibrosis, such a serious threat to the prognosis of complications were also worthy of our attention. First of all, we proposed the possible mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis caused by SARS-CoV-2, based on the published data of COVID-19 ((i) Direct evidence: pulmonary fibrosis was found in autopsy and pulmonary puncture pathology.(ii) Indirect evidence: increased levels of fibrosis-related cytokines[transforming growth factor [TGF]- β, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]- α, interleukin [IL]-6, etc] in peripheral blood of severe patients.) What is more, we summarized the role of three fibrosis-related signaling pathways (TGF- β signal pathway, WNT signal pathway and YAP/TAZ signal pathway) in pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, we suggested the therapeutic value of two drugs (pirfenidone and nintedanib) for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

A simplified math approach to predict ICU beds and mortality rate for hospital emergency planning under Covid-19 pandemic

The different stages of Covid-19 pandemic can be described by two key-variables: ICU patients and deaths in hospitals. We propose simple models that can be used by medical doctors and decision makers to predict the trends on both short-term and long-term horizons. Daily updates of the models with real data allow forecasting some key indicators for decision-making (an Excel file in the Supplemental material allows computing them). These are beds allocation, residence time, doubling time, rate of renewal, maximum daily rate of change (positive/negative), halfway points, maximum plateaus, asymptotic conditions, and dates and time intervals when some key thresholds are overtaken.Doubling time of ICU beds for Covid-19 emergency can be as low as 2–3 days at the outbreak of the pandemic. The models allow identifying the possible departure of the phenomenon from the predicted trend and thus can play the role of early warning systems and describe further outbreaks.