Design Stage Research Articles

The Design and Implementation of Web Service for Laundry Service Payment at RAZ-Q Laundry Samarinda

The advancement of technology has facilitated access to information and various applications spanning desktop, web, and mobile platforms, becoming an integral part of everyday life. Among these platforms, websites are the most widely used. The web is widely used for business purposes. One of the common businesses is laundry services, which has become essential for individuals with busy schedules, such as workers and students. Busy daily activities make the need for clean clothes a top priority. However, the existence of many laundry service providers creates intense competition and difficulties for new consumers in finding the right service. This research examines a web services-based laundry service designed to help consumers find and book quality laundry services in their vicinity. It also provides process monitoring features and estimated time for clothes pickup. For laundry service owners, these web services offer opportunities to improve their business. This research uses the Waterfall method of software development, including the stages of analysis, design, coding, and testing. Use case diagrams were used to model the interaction between actors in the application, while class diagrams were used to describe the database structure. Activity and sequence diagrams were used to illustrate the flow of the application. The web interface is designed according to user needs. The result of this research is web services that can help consumers find and order laundry services easily and efficiently. Blackbox testing is conducted to ensure that all designed functions run properly. This application has the potential to help laundry service owners increase their income. Application development is done using Visual Studi Code with PHP Native programming language and MySQL as database management.

Fatigue Behaviour of High-Performance Green Epoxy Biocomposite Laminates Reinforced by Optimized Long Sisal Fibers

In recent decades, in order to replace traditional synthetic polymer composites, engineering research has focused on the development of new alternatives such as green biocomposites constituted by an eco-sustainable matrix reinforced by natural fibers. Such innovative biocomposites are divided into two different typologies: random short fiber biocomposites characterized by low mechanical strength, used for non-structural applications such as covering panels, etc., and high-performance biocomposites reinforced by long fibers that can be used for semi-structural and structural applications by replacing traditional materials such as metal (carbon steel and aluminum) or synthetic composites such as fiberglass. The present research work focuses on the high-performance biocomposites reinforced by optimized sisal fibers. In detail, in order to contribute to the extension of their application under fatigue loading, a systematic experimental fatigue test campaign has been accomplished by considering four different lay-up configurations (unidirectional, cross-ply, angle-ply and quasi-isotropic) with volume fraction Vf = 70%. The results analysis found that such laminates exhibit good fatigue performance, with fatigue ratios close to 0.5 for unidirectional and angle-ply (±7.5°) laminates. However, by passing from isotropic to unidirectional lay-up, the fatigue strength increases significantly by about four times; higher increases are revealed in terms of fatigue life. In terms of damage, it has been observed that, thanks to the high quality of the proposed laminates, in any case, the fatigue failure involves the fiber failure, although secondary debonding and delamination can occur, especially in orthotropic and cross-ply lay-up. The comparison with classical synthetic composites and other similar biocomposite has shown that in terms of fatigue ratio, the examined biocomposites exhibit performance comparable with the biocomposites reinforced by the more expensive flax and with common fiberglass. Finally, appropriate models, that can be advantageously used at the design stage, have also been proposed to predict the fatigue behavior of the laminates analyzed.

A heuristic method for multi-objective hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with parent-child relationships and space constraints

ABSTRACT In modern ship manufacturing, a ship is divided into hundreds of blocks in the design stage, and the productivity of the block manufacturing process is vital to ship delivery. This paper investigates the production scheduling problem of ship blocks with the parent-child relationship; this relationship is characterised by the fact that sibling jobs at the same BOM layer must be processed on adjacent machines at their assembly stages. We formulate this problem as a multi-objective hybrid flow shop scheduling problem: the first objective is to minimise the total deviation from the target time of the jobs and the second one is to minimise the total processing time. To solve this problem, we propose a heuristic method based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm, in which an adjacent machine priority method is first proposed to generate feasible solutions that satisfy the space constraints. Then, we improve the individual quality in crossover and mutation of the algorithm via tabu search. We verify the performance of our algorithm by test instances generated from real manufacturing data of a shipbuilding company. Results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing algorithms when identifying the Pareto optimal solutions, especially for large-sized problems.

Development of Encyclopedia Learning Media Based on Local Vegetables as An Innovative Biology Learning Resource

This research aims to produce an encyclopedia learning media that is both valid and practical for improving students' understanding of biodiversity material. The research utilized a modified 4-D development model, streamlined into 3-D, which included the stages of Define, Design, and Develop. The instruments used comprise interviews and documentation. Data analysis included validation of the encyclopedia's development and analysis of student responses to the developed media. The results from the validation tests and student responses indicated positive outcomes. Media experts rated the validation at 95.83% (very valid), material experts at 84.28% (very valid), and language experts at 83.33% (valid). Students who responded to the small-scale trial were very good, scoring 92.18% (very valid), while those who responded to the large-scale trial were also very good, at 91.03% (very valid). In conclusion, the validity results were very positive and the response outcomes were highly favorable. Thus, the encyclopedia media is deemed valid for use by educators and students in the biodiversity learning process.

Development of Digital Phonology Teaching Materials Using Shadowing Techniques for Korean BIPA Learners

This research aims to produce digital phonology teaching materials using the shadowing technique to improve the pronunciation skills of basic-level Korean BIPA learners. The research method employed Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model, which includes the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Data collection techniques involved needs analysis by interviewing BIPA learners and instructors, then conducting pronunciation tests on Korean BIPA learners to identify pronunciation challenges and specific needs for material development. Based on this analysis, the digital teaching materials were designed and developed, then validated by media experts, material experts, and BIPA practitioners. Data analysis techniques in this research included quantitative and qualitative methods. The result showed that the development of digital phonology teaching materials with shadowing techniques for Korean BIPA learners was effective in improving Indonesian pronunciation skills. The evaluation results showed that this teaching material received a very positive response from teachers and learners, with feasibility test scores of 98% and 94% respectively, as well as expert validation that supported the quality of the teaching material. Thus, this digital teaching material not only meets the expected standards, but also offers concrete solutions to the pronunciation challenges faced by Korean BIPA learners, and is ready to be used to improve the effectiveness of Indonesian pronunciation learning.

DESIGN TASK IN THE MODERN CONDITIONS OF INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

The article is devoted to the organizational aspect of solving the urgent problem of shortening the terms of implementation of investment and construction projects in modern conditions at the stage design The article examines the procedure for drawing up a design task by the customer at the stage of preparing tender documentation for construction objects in Ukraine, the financing of which is carried out with the involvement of budget funds, funds of state and communal enterprises, institutions and organizations, loans provided under state guarantees and defined and disadvantages The provisions of regulatory and technical documents regulating the procedure for drawing up a design assignment and its content have been reviewed. The list of problems that arise at the design and construction stage during the implementation of investment and construction projects due to the uncertainty and variability of data for project development, provided by the customer in the design task, is defined. The analysis of open sources of information regarding the procurement of design works showed that customers fill out the design task form, defined by the regulatory framework, on a formal basis, without actually expressing their real requirements for the future construction inspection. In "design and build" projects, the design task occupies a special place, since the contractor, on the basis of the customer's technical task, can determine not only the cost of the design work, but also the price of the construction work for which he is willing to perform it, while this price depends on technical and economic parameters of the building, which has not yet been designed, from the applied finishing materials, engineering systems, structural solutions, etc. An analysis of completed contracts for the purchase of construction works on "design and build" schemes was carried out, and they were divided into groups depending on the sufficiency of information in the design task. The foreign experience of organizing design works was analyzed, in particular, when implementing the "design and build" approach. It is proposed to improve the organization of the design process by separating the process of drawing up the design task into a separate procedure with a toolkit based on digital technologies, formulating the customer's requirements for design solutions and checking the validity of the customer's requirements. The feasibility of developing a toolkit based on digital technologies, which can be applied by the customer for drawing up a design task in investment and construction projects.

Development of Digital Teaching Materials for Indonesian Phonetics with Sound Association Design for Basic Level BIPA Arabic Learners

This research aims to develop digital teaching materials for Indonesian phonetics designed with sound association to support basic-level BIPA learners. This research method used research and development with the 4-D model, which consists of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The research instruments included pronunciation ability tests, learner needs questionnaires, BIPA teacher interview instruments, and validation sheets from experts and practitioners. The data analysis techniques used were qualitative and quantitative methods and Gregory's validity test with validity assessment criteria using the Likert Scale 1-4. The validation results indicated that the materials were "feasible" with some necessary revisions. After making the suggested revisions, the revised materials were piloted with basic-level BIPA learners. Feedback from these learners rated the materials as "very feasible", indicating a positive reception. The final product is a digital flipbook equipped with audio pronunciation guides and illustrations that can be accessed online. This format provides a flexible and engaging alternative for improving Indonesian pronunciation for Arabic-speaking BIPA learners, making it a valuable addition to the available teaching resources.

FEATURES OF THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF BALANCED DEVELOPMENT

The development and implementation of investment and construction projects on the basis of balanced development is critical for achieving sustainable growth. This article examines the key features and challenges associated with such projects, emphasizing the importance of integrating economic, environmental and social practices into construction activities. The study provides insights into best practices and strategies for effectively managing investment and construction projects to ensure long-term success and sustainability.The main goals of this article are the definition of the fundamental principles of balanced development in the context of investment and construction projects, the analysis of features that contribute to the achievement of balanced development.The article uses a comprehensive review of the literature and case studies, which allows for a holistic understanding of the multifaceted nature of investment and construction projects in conditions of balanced development. Emphasis is placed on the integration of sustainable development principles from the initial stages of design. This includes consideration of environmental impact assessment, efficient use of resources and use of sustainable materials and technologies. Also, the goal of project implementation is that the projects are economically feasible and provide long-term financial returns. This involves careful market analysis, cost-benefit analysis and risk management strategies to mitigate potential financial problems. The importance of involving all relevant stakeholders, including local communities, government bodies and investors, in the decision-making process is emphasized. Effective communication and collaboration are necessary to address diverse interests and reach consensus. Ensures compliance of projects with national and international rules and standards. This applies to environmental regulations, building regulations and labor legislation. Compliance minimizes legal risks and increases project credibility.Focused on optimizing the use of resources such as materials, labor and time, implementing lean construction methods and advanced project management practices can increase efficiency and reduce waste.The implementation of advanced technologies such as building information modeling (BIM), automation and renewable energy systems increase design accuracy, reduce costs and increase sustainability. Conformity of construction work to established quality standards, regular inspections, testing and adherence to best practices are critical to obtaining high quality results.Constant monitoring of project progress and effectiveness is emphasized. The use of key performance indicators (KPIs) and regular evaluations help to identify problems early and make the necessary adjustments.The development and implementation of investment and construction projects in conditions of balanced development requires a complex and integrated approach. By prioritizing sustainability, economic viability, stakeholder engagement and regulatory compliance, stakeholders can ensure these projects contribute positively to long-term growth and development. The paper provides a road map to navigate the complexities of such projects, ultimately contributing to a more resilient and sustainable human-made environment

Design procedure of reach stacker control system

Reach stackers are efficient and maneuverable machinery for an overload of overall containers in cargo terminals and ports today. Such machinery design determines the practical interest of the engineering industry specialists. However, the lack of information in open sources about structural or kinematic diagrams of equipment control mechanisms and recommendations for their calculation does not allow an effective approach to the creation and update of reach stackers. We developed the design procedure of the reach stacker control system, which considers the kinematic and geometric parameters of the container spreader, as a result of the conducted research. It can be used in the design stages of mechanisms for spreader lateral displacement, extension of the spreader sections, spreader inclination in the vertical plane, container fixation by spreader, spreader rotation, lifting-lowering and telescoping of the boom, as well as during the real operation modes of reach stackers in cargo terminals and ports.

Early Design Stage Evaluation of All Electric Aircraft Power Systems Focusing on Long-Term Behavior

In the aircraft industry, there is a shift towards more and all-electric power systems resulting in great research efforts on single components like batteries. At the same time there is an increasing need to investigate and evaluate the long-term behavior of the whole electric power system to ensure safe and sustainable aircraft operation. Focusing on this challenge, the objective of this article is to propose a framework for electric power system assessment in the early design stages. In particular, the focus is on identifying and handling uncertainties regarding failure behavior and degradation, both on the component and system level. The evaluation of different power system topologies is based on the integration of Model-Based Systems Engineering and robust design methods. In this context, another central aspect is the definition of system and component requirements derived from the flight mission profile. SysML diagrams are used to define use cases and possible system topologies. Sensitivity of degradation effects are evaluated using robust design methods. The application of the framework and these methods is illustrated using a short-range aircraft with an all-electric power system. The results highlight the applicability of the framework to cope with the uncertainties that occur in the early design stages and point out fields of further research.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA KARTU KATA BERGAMBAR UNTUK KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN PADA PESERTA KELAS 1 SDN 05 PULAU PUNJUNG

This research is motivated by the problem of students who have not memorized letters, and distinguishing between letters that have the same shape, students still have difficulty spelling letters and are also less fluent in reading. The aim of this research is to produce picture word card learning media that is valid, practical and effective. The type of research used is development research or Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE development model which consists of 5 stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stage ( evaluation). The results of the validity of the picture word card media were validated by 3 validators, namely material expert validation obtained a result of 92.5% categorized as very valid, language expert validation obtained a result of 93.75% categorized as very valid, media expert validation obtained a result of 90% categorized as very valid, validation The teaching module obtained a result of 93.33% categorized as very valid, validation of the teaching module by the teacher obtained a result of 100% categorized as very valid. The results of the practicality of the picture word card media through the teacher response questionnaire by class 1 teachers obtained a result of 100% categorized as very practical, while through the student response questionnaire an average result of 96.27% was categorized as very practical. The effectiveness results obtained from the learning test results of primary school students obtained an average of 89.47%, categorized as very effective.

Pengembangan Media Monopoli sebagai Sarana Belajar dan Bermain Siswa Sekolah Dasar dalam Materi Perkembangan Hewan dan Tumbuhan

The background is the need for an innovative approach in education to facilitate students' understanding of complex concepts. Monopoly media is developed to increase student engagement and facilitate understanding of concepts. Through interactive and interesting game elements. This study aims to develop Monopoly game-based learning media for animal and plant development material in Elementary Schools by applying the ADDIE model, which includes the analysis, design, and development stages. In the analysis stage, identification of needs and potential problems in learning is carried out. The design stage involves creating game components that are in accordance with the learning material. The development stage includes media production and validation, including the creation of game boards, question cards, and mystery cards. The subjects in this study were elementary school students, data collection techniques were carried out by interviewing and observing and data analysis was carried out using the Miles and Huberman data analysis techniques. The results of this development are expected to enrich students' learning experiences, improve collaboration, and motivate them in understanding animal and plant development material.

Developing a Design Guideline for a User-Friendly Home Energy-Saving Application That Aligns with User-Centered Design (UCD) Principles

Regarding issues with the majority of home energy-saving applications, the information is often too difficult for users to understand, and they struggle to comprehend communication via graphics or images displayed on the application’s screen. Furthermore, little is known about how users of home energy-saving applications behave. Therefore, this research aims to develop and evaluate a user-friendly design guideline for a home energy-saving application that applies four stages of User-Centered Design (UCD) processes. To identify significant issues and preliminary solutions, this research employed two rounds of co-creation activities involving nine experts and nine non-experts. Subsequently, an application prototype encompassing settings, about, home data, home assessment, and assessment summary was developed. The prototype underwent evaluation through an online questionnaire with 160 participants from four user groups, spanning expert and non-expert age groups. As a results from all four factors, the application received a mean score = 4.35 (good) from both non-experts and experts. This demonstrates that the prototype adopted with the guideline performed well in terms of User Experience, User Interface and User-Centered Design. This research provides developers and stakeholders with valuable guidelines to create applications or programs that are more efficient and user-friendly. This guideline is applicable to a wide range of sectors (eg, residential homes, workplaces, and educational institutions) and various domains (eg, Internet of Things (IoT), Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS), mobile applications, AI-Assisted in IoT-based Smart Microgrids). This would lead to the creation of applications that are easy for users to navigate and presentations that are impactful, ultimately helping to decrease energy usage and promote a more sustainable environment.

Predicting embodied carbon reduction by evaluating building shape parameters in preliminary design through the Dom-ino system

ABSTRACT Adopting carbon-efficient building shapes has significant potential to reduce embodied carbon emissions (ECEs). Early-stage design decisions play a crucial role in this process, yet current methods lack predictive models for ECEs based on building shape parameters. This study addresses this gap by utilizing the Dom-ino system, which includes concrete and steel framing, to develop a method for estimating ECEs. The study analyzes the influence of building shape parameters, such as plan aspect ratio and number of floors, on ECEs and fits equations to the results to establish predictive models. Our findings indicate that these parameters significantly impact ECEs, and the study delves into the mechanisms by which they affect structural components and material usage. The developed method provides architects with a tool to evaluate and optimize building designs for lower carbon impact during the early stages of design. This approach supports a swift and environmentally conscious design process, enhancing the ability to predict and reduce ECEs in architectural projects.

Technologies for customized housing in modular construction

In the modular construction, the range of customization options is limited compared to traditional construction, which can be seen as a negative aspect. Different customization strategies can be adopted by companies, but the choice of the appropriate strategy is related to the technologies used in the operational process, with emphasis on the design and production stages. This study aims to compare the technologies used in the design, production and exchange of information in the development of customized housing in modular construction companies in Brazil and England. To achieve that, three case studies were conducted in English modular construction companies operating in the residential sector. The results of the case studies were compared with the literature on technologies used by Brazilian companies. It was noted that English companies, regardless of their size and type of customization offered, use Revit software to develop the design, and communication between different designers is done via cloud computing. However, communication between designers and production is often done on paper, which leads to errors. The machinery used on the shop floor varies between companies. The results found are similar to the Brazilian reality. It was noted that companies do not make use of all available potential; however, larger companies that are able to perform mass customization invest more in technologies for control and integration between operations. To ensure greater productivity and efficient use of technologies, companies should adopt mass customization.

Effort of damage parameter in assessment of low cycle fatigue

A low-cycle fatigue (LCF) analysis is one of the main design stages for highly loaded structural elements used in various applications. For this analysis, it is necessary to determine the values of local stresses and deformations, taking into account both elastic and plastic regions in the zones of stress concentration. This study presents and assesses the engineering methods used for prediction of low-cycle fatigue in structural elements. For zones of stress (strain) concentration, the Neuber-Makhutov method for LCF, taking into account the type of material stress-strain diagrams, is employed. The concept of distributed damage, based on the main ideas of the continuum damage mechanics of Kachanov-Rabotnov, was used. An approach employing the damage parameter for assessment of damage accumulation in LCF in highly loaded areas of structural elements is presented.

An optimized single-side inverse finite element method for displacement field reconstruction of wind turbine tower

Wind turbines are subjected to complex dynamic loads during actual operation, which are difficult to predict accurately in advance, which may lead to inaccurate structural strength assessment in the structural design stage, and thus bring safety risks to wind power towers. Inverse Finite Element Method (iFEM) is a reconstruction method of structural displacement distribution, which can estimate the full-field displacement distribution of tower, and used for structural on-line health monitoring. However, conventional iFEM require sensors to be placed on both sides of the structure, which greatly limits its engineering practicality. For this reason, a single-side inverse finite element (iFEM_S) was developed in this study to enhance the engineering applicability of iFEM. Both iFEM and iFEM_S are based on the principle of least squares variation, and the solution equations can be established when the measured strain is known. The core idea of iFEM_S is to find the optimal node displacement s to minimize the sum of mean square errors between the theoretical and measured strains on one side of the structure, thereby generating a set of algebraic equations. Solving these linear equations can achieve the structural displacement field. Additionally, A cyclic optimization algorithm (COA) was developed in this study to improve the robustness of reconstruction results through optimizing strain gauge locations, in which the condition number of pseudo stiffness matrix was used as the objective function, and the condition number is minimized, named iFEM_S_O. Finally, the reconstruction accuracy and robustness and of iFEM, iFEM_S and iFEM_S_O were verified through several numerical examples. The simulated reconstruction results indicated that iFEM_S_O is more accurate and stable than iFEM_S, and iFEM_S is more accurate and stable than iFEM.

Modelling human postural stability and muscle activation augmented by a supernumerary robotic tail.

Wearable robots have promising characteristics for human augmentation; however, the the design and specification stage needs to consider biomechanical impact. In this work, musculoskeletal software is used to assess the biomechanical implications of having a two-degrees-of-freedom supernumerary robotic tail mounted posterior to the human trunk. Forward and backward tilting motions were assessed to determine the optimal design specification. Specifically; the key criteria utilised included the centre of pressure, the dynamic wrench exerted by the tail onto the human body and a global muscle activation index. Overall, it was found that use of a supernumerary tail reduced lower limb muscle activation in quiet stance. Furthermore, the optimal design specification required a trade-off between the geometric and inertial characteristics, and the amount of muscle assistance provided by the tail to facilitate safe physical Human-Robot interaction. &#xD.

Renewal strategies of industrial heritage based on placeness theory: The case of Guangzhou, China

Studying the preservation and reuse of industrial heritage can improve people's knowledge and understanding of cultural heritage, thus deepening their sense of identity and belonging to the local culture. This study applies the theory of placeness to protect industrial architectural heritage, promote the organic revitalization of urban space, enhance local identity, and realize the visualization of tacit knowledge. Based on the theory of placeness, this study constructs an indicator system for industrial architectural heritage renewal strategy. The indicator system includes four primary indicators, namely State of Matter, Policy System, Behavior and Spirit, and 23 secondary indicators. Exploratory factor analysis is carried out using the post-evaluation (POE) method. This study concludes that (1) there are seven strategy combinations for industrial heritage renewal, including artistic expression, landscape and space, humanistic connotation, industrial building, history and culture, architectural features, and construction skills. The combination of strategies can enhance the locality and architectural originality. (2) The strategy combinations can be used in the design, construction, and operation stages of the whole life cycle and have been empirically demonstrated in typical projects in Guangzhou. Building Construction Atlas, Climatic Suitability, Building History/People, and Industrial Equipment have a higher contribution to the renewal effect of industrial buildings. (3) The 23 renewal strategy elements based on placeness provide new ideas for coding methods of historic buildings and modeling of historic building information model (HBIM). These strategy elements can be used to construct a knowledge graph of historic buildings and visualize tacit knowledge to promote sustainable construction and twin city construction.

Fast mobility analysis for generative design applications through a real vector space representation of mobilities

During the early stages of design, mechanisms are commonly modeled as perfect joints assembled with infinitely rigid bodies. This representation enables the prediction of the system’s mobilities through a mobility analysis. However, traditional mobility analysis tools can be computationally expensive or lack critical information, such as the type or direction of mobilities. It hinders the generation of topology and configuration through generative design schemes.In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to mobility analysis based on a real vector space representation of mobilities. Our method provides relevant information for early design steps while being computationally effective through a novel formulation of series and parallel assembly topological operations. A benchmark on four selected use cases highlights an acceleration of 3 to 4 orders of magnitude compared to traditional approaches. Additionally, design rules on the joints’ positions can be automatically generated with our approach. It enables the automation of the complete design process, including topology and configuration. As such, we provide guidelines to develop a generative design scheme dedicated to the synthesis of guiding mechanisms.