Design Stage Research Articles

VALIDITY OF GUIDED INQUIRY-BASED PHYSICS LEARNING MODULE

The learning resources used in learning physics class XI SMAN 1 Namorambe is only a package book. In fact, teachers and students are not satisfied with the existing learning resources, therefore a new learning resource is needed and is expected to meet the needs of teachers and students. This research focuses on the development of physics learning modules on sound waves material class XI SMA. This study aims to determine the validity level of the guided inquiry-based module on the subject of sound waves that have been developed. This research is an R & D (Research and Development) development research using the 4-D model which has four main stages, namely the defining stage (define), the design stage (Design), the development stage (Development), and the dissemination stage (disseminate). The research instruments used are validation instruments consisting of validation instruments by material experts and media expert validation instruments. The results showed that the validity level of the guided inquiry-based physics learning module produced was on very valid criteria so it was feasible to use in learning.

Durability of anticorrosive-coated steel–carbon fiber reinforced polymer structural adhesive joint at high temperature and humidity

Limited information on the long-term reliability of structural adhesive joints hinders their practical application. Moreover, performance improvement in transportation equipment and the solution of concrete problems, such as high strengthening, vibration reduction, and weight saving, are expected by increasing the availability of materials in the shipbuilding industry using highly functional materials that are not welded. This study evaluated the durability of second-generation acrylic (SGA) structural adhesives. The strength of SGA was higher than that of epoxy-based adhesives in the case of thick adhesive layers, and few fluctuations were observed in the strength owing to variations in the adhesive-layer thickness. The static strength following environmental degradation was evaluated using a tensile lap shear structural adhesive joint coated with an anticorrosive coating, assuming application to the exposed part. The acceptable design adhesive strength in shipbuilding was evaluated using the strength retention rate ηd (mean strength after deterioration/initial mean strength) and coefficient of variation CV (standard deviation/mean strength) after deterioration. ηd for each test was greater than 72 %. The CV value for each test was <0.16; this is equivalent to a coefficient of dispersion of deterioration Dy ≥ 0.41 on percent defects allowed = 1/10,000 (upper limit of the defect rate assumed at the design stage). This result indicates that the adhesive joint is available even for the exposure section, if the adhesive joint is protected similar to adherend steel with anticorrosive paint, which is common in the field of shipbuilding.

Influence of residential physical environments on occupant experience: considering the moderating effects of indoor plants and climate zones

PurposeHome is a place/system/product that becomes increasingly occupied with various tasks used to be performed in workplaces. However, the knowledge of the relationship between residential physical environments and occupant experience is limited, especially when considering the effect of indoor plants (IPs) and climate zones. To address the gap, this study conducted a questionnaire survey in three cities across different regions in China.Design/methodology/approachBased on User Experience and Customer Satisfaction Index theory, following the research paradigm, a total of 627 valid samples were collected and analyzed in a stepwise statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, reliability and validity test, correlation test and region comparison, then the model of PROCESS was adopted to examine the hypotheses that are given based on the former studies.FindingsThe results showed that residential physical environments have a significant effect on occupant satisfaction (OS) in all regions, as well as OS on occupant performance. However, regional differences were found that OS is a complete mediator in the Middle region, while a partial mediator in the North and South. A slight moderating effect of IPs was also found in the region of South. Nevertheless, both the number of plants and plant types have a significant moderating effect on the mechanism.Originality/valueBesides combining two theories and confirming the mechanism in the residential physical environment, it is also the first study to consider the moderating effects of IPs and climate zones, providing potential empirical support for not only design and management stages but also facing global challenges of working at home and climate changes.

Research on Carbon Emission Pre-Assessment of Residential Buildings in Xi’an City during the Scheme Design Stage

The effect of energy saving and carbon reduction in the building industry is closely related to the realization of China’s double carbon goal. In this study, a two-dimensional framework for building life cycle carbon emissions was established, which takes into account the early stages of building design such as the feasibility study stage and scheme design stage. Taking 57 residential buildings in Xi’an City as examples, the life cycle carbon emission characteristics of residential buildings in cold areas were introduced. This study found that the life cycle carbon emission intensity is about 45~55 kgCO2/(m2·a). The operation and maintenance stage and building materials production stage accounted for the largest proportion of carbon emissions, and the sum of carbon emissions of the two stages accounted for 92.3% of the total carbon emissions. In addition, based on the probability density function, the carbon emission intensity distributions of the building life cycle, building material production stage, building material transportation stage, and operation and maintenance stage were analyzed, and it was found that each distribution fitting graph was generally in line with a lognormal distribution, and their expected value provided a reference index for carbon emission pre-assessment in the feasibility study stage. Based on the analysis and determination of 11 independent variables that affect the total carbon emissions, such as area, floor number, story height, and number of households, a multiple linear regression model for carbon emission pre-assessment in the design stage of building schemes is proposed. The R2adj of the model is 0.985 and the error is about 10%. The prediction model can provide beneficial guidance for the life cycle carbon emission prediction in the design stage of building projects, so as to reduce carbon emissions by changing building design.

Three dimensions of artificial intelligence in the system design of high-tech products

Subject. The article investigates the role and place of artificial intelligence in the system design of high-tech products. Objectives. The focus is on determination of artificial intelligence implementation stages in the system design of high-tech products. Methods. We apply general scientific research methods. Results. The study established that artificial intelligence in the system design of high-tech products should be considered as a single software-algorithmic, system-technological, and conceptual-terminological complex. It identified methodological and ideological problems of introducing artificial intelligence into system design. We defined the structure of hybrid intelligence and substantiated the need for its use. We proposed to use the modern methodology of program-target planning to organize a phased, planned, and coordinated introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in the system design of high-tech products. Conclusions. The findings can be used in the development of State scientific and technological programs and plans to create high-tech products for various purposes in the interests of ensuring the sustainability of innovative and technological development and national security of the Russian Federation, given the current geopolitical and economic situation in the world.

Validity of STEM-CT Based Textbooks to Improve Students Multi-Representation Ability

This research aims to describe the validity of STEM-CT-based textbooks in improving multi-representation abilities in MTs students. This study used the Research and Development (R&amp;D) method using the 4D model, which consists of four stages, i.e., Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. However, this study only discussed preparing textbooks' Define, Design, and Develop stages. The research participants were teachers of the Science MGMP in Banyuwangi. The data collection techniques used in this research were interviews, questionnaires, and validation sheets. The analysis used in this research was descriptive and qualitative. The data processing results for STEM-CT-based textbooks to improve multi-representational abilities in MTs students obtained a validity value of 82.86 in the very valid or usable category. The validation results showed that the STEM-CT-based textbooks developed could be used for classroom learning to improve students' multi-representation abilities.

Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbantuan Kartu Domino Fisika Pada Materi Cahaya Dan Alat Optik

The problem faced in learning Physics is the lack of a variety of interesting and interactive learning media, which can affect students' interest and understanding of the material being taught. In an effort to overcome this problem, a Physics Domino Card-assisted LKPD was developed as an innovative learning media. This study aims to determine the feasibility of Learner Worksheets (LKPD) assisted by Physics Domino Cards on the material of Light and Optical Instruments; to determine the response of students to the implementation of learning activities using the LKPD. This research is a development research using the 4-D model (Four D Model), which consists of the defining stage (define), the planning stage (design), the development stage (development), and the disseminate stage (disseminate). The instruments used include product validation sheets and student response questionnaire sheets. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, namely product validation analysis using the V Aiken coefficient and analysis of learner responses using percentages. The results of the validation analysis showed that the LKPD assisted by Domino Card Physics obtained a V Aiken coefficient of 0,86 which was categorized as very valid. Students' responses to the use of LKPDs assisted by Physics Domino Cards as learning media showed a percentage of 89%, which was categorized as very good. LKPD assisted by Physics Domino Cards on the material of Light and Optical Instruments is very feasible to use and get a very good response from students, so it can be used as an alternative learning media that is effective in increasing students' interest and understanding of Physics material.

Cognitive differences in product shape evaluation between real settings and virtual reality: case study of two-wheel electric vehicles

Product shape evaluation is an important part of new product development. In the shape design stage, design schemes are often presented through visual images. The presentation of visual images causes evaluators to form different cognitive experiences and evaluation results. In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has been widely used in the field of industrial design, enriching the presentation forms of design scheme images. Although VR technology has shown the potential to improve evaluators’ perception and cognitive experiences in product shape design, research comparing it with traditional methods remains relatively scattered. This study used two-wheel electric vehicles as an example to examine the difference in evaluators’ cognition of product shape in VR and a real setting (RS). First, we established a semantic scale comprising seven pairs of opposite adjectives to evaluate the shape scheme. Second, we built VR and RS evaluation environments using head-mounted displays and paper renderings, respectively. The participants evaluated the vehicle shape design in alternating viewing and underwent semi-structured interviews on cognitive experience. We analyzed the experimental and interview results based on three aspects of product shape cognition. The results demonstrated that volume cognition was significantly more accurate in VR environments. Furthermore, graphic cognition, particularly regarding shape details, differed partially between environments. VR provided a better sense of immersion and more variable viewing angles than RS. Treatment cognition did not exhibit significant differences between environments, as it depended on human experience rather than visualization. These findings suggest that VR tools are more suited for shaping design evaluations early. Selecting suitable visual presentation tools based on evaluators’ cognitive characteristics at different evaluation nodes to display design schemes is a practical, economical, and efficient strategy.

Development of Teaching Module for the Merdeka Curriculum with Nuances Critical Reasoning for Elementary School Students

This research aims to develop a teaching module for the Merdeka Curriculum with nuances of critical reasoning for elementary school students. It does this by outlining the validity level assessed from the teaching module's suitability aspect, language aspects, and empirical validity of the practicality level of the module. This study used the research and development method with the 4D model, which involved definition, design, development, and dissemination. The instruments used in this research included validation sheets, interviews, teacher and student questionnaires, field trials, and trial observation checklists. Data analysis techniques involved qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics. The findings demonstrated that three of the four stages, define, design, and development, were completed to construct the teaching module. The curriculum analysis, teaching module needs analysis, learning outcomes analysis, and material analysis are completed during the define step. Designing instructional modules that satisfy requirements for viability, correctness, clarity, and attractive presentation is the design stage process. Teaching module products were put through testing, validation procedures, and practicality checks to complete the development stage. The average percentage of the language component and the appropriateness aspect in the validity of the teaching module were 4.87 and 4.81, respectively, with very valid criteria. Based on teacher answer questionnaires (4.6 with very practical criteria) and student response questionnaires (4.2 with very practical criteria), the practicality of the teaching module was determined. Based on these results, the teaching module is valid and practical, so it qualifies as a feasible and quality development product.

ВКЛАД ЖАНА КАРЗУ В ТЕАТРАЛЬНО-ДЕКОРАЦИОННОЕ ИСКУССТВО ФРАНЦИИ

In the 50-60s of the last century the famous French-Armenian artist Jean Carzou (Garnik Zouloumian, 1907-2000) created seven works of theatrical-decorative art for musical and dramatic theaters of France, having designed Jean-Philippe Rameau's opera-ballet «Les Indes Galantes», Adolphe Adam's ballet «Giselle», Jean Racine's drama «Athalie», Jacques Offenbach's operetta «La Périchole», etc. The aim of this article is to present concisely and analyze Carzou's theatrical-decorative work on the basis of archival materials.For stage designs of the productions by venerable directors and choreographers of France of the time, like Maurice Lehmann, Roland Petit, John Butler and others Carzou worked for a long time, combining their vision with his own unique aesthetics. These vibrant, highly artistic works were a success, in some cases contributing to the polymodal synesthesia requisite for theater. These works have graced the stages of the world's most prestigious theaters - Grand Opera, Comédie Française, La Scala...

Systematic optimization of off-grid green hydrogen production systems

In this work a novel mathematical programming formulation is presented for the simultaneous optimal design and operation of standalone, green hydrogen production systems. There is a pressing need to develop, test and commercialize technologies that can contribute in the medium term to our coordinated efforts to combat climate change. The system under study is inherently dynamic due to the stochastic and intermittent nature of meteorological data and there is a likelihood to overestimate its production capacity and economic performance. Failing to identify shortcoming in the design stage can result in expensive operational mistakes that will negatively affect the gathering race to build a massive new hydrogen economy. We present and demonstrate a systematic methodology that could be useful in decarbonizing our energy production systems by optimizing standalone, green hydrogen units and reducing the risk during their commercialization.

Participatory Design Thinking: A User-Centered Approach to Computer Science Innovation

Traditional design thinking, while valuable, has limitations in user involvement. This paper proposes Participatory Design Thinking (PDT), a novel approach that addresses these limitations by placing users at the core of the entire design process in computer science (CS) projects (2). In this study, the shortcoming of traditional design thinking in user centricity was discussed and core principles and benefits of PDT are presented. Then, the practical implementation of PDT in CS, including user selection, training, and integration throughout the design stages were investigated. Finally, the potential impact of PDT on CS innovation and propose directions for future research were explored.

A refined dynamic liquid dehumidification model for the packed dehumidifier considering time-varying thermal mass of the desiccant

Liquid desiccant dehumidification technology is a promising, energy-efficient dehumidification approach. It can flexibly adapt to variations in renewable energy supply and users' demands, making it an inherently dynamic process. However, optimizing this process from a dynamic perspective is often neglected. This is mainly due to the challenges in establishing a dynamic dehumidification model, where the desiccant's thermal mass and heat and mass transfer coefficients should be time-dependent. In this paper, a refined dynamic dehumidification framework using the finite difference method is developed, where governing equations for the mass and species conservations are rebuilt taking the thermal mass and desiccant concentration as time-dependent variables. Auxiliary equations determining evolutions of the desiccant's thermal mass and heat and mass transfer coefficients are derived based on the continuity equation and analogy method, respectively. Subsequently, the experiments are carried out and serve as a benchmark to check the simulations. It suggests the simulated results using the refined model align well with the experimental data and demonstrate around 50 % better predictive accuracy compared to the existing method, indicating the feasibility of the refined model. The refined model also contributes to rapid adaptation of the dehumidification process to meet specific needs. In a specific case, this could result in energy savings of 60 % for the regeneration of the desiccant solution. This study provides a reference for quantifying evolutions of the liquid desiccant's thermal mass based on an understanding of the physical process. It lays a solid foundation for modeling the dynamic dehumidification process at the design stage and assists in operating an energy-saving dehumidification system.

Electromechanical Modeling and Analysis of Motor Whine in Electric Propulsion Systems

Electric motor whine is a major source of tonal noise and vibration for electric propulsion systems. The lack of engine masking noise in electric vehicles (EVs) further pronounces the pure tones, which are annoying to the occupants. The associated vibration can cause durability issues due to resonance and lead to failure of the sub-assembly or the supporting structure. A source-level NVH assessment of electric propulsion systems in modern EVs aims to achieve first-time quality designs at the advanced design stage. Accurate modeling of the motor stator and the electromagnetic (EM) forces at the air gap between the stator and rotor are critical to the NVH assessment. This work investigates the interaction between EM force application and the stator design in all four quadrants in which the electric motor operates, including both driving and regenerative braking in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. A finite element (FE) model of the stator is developed, and the EM forces are mapped on the stator teeth, including different clocking and application directions. The stator model is integrated in the electric drive unit (DU) model, which enables the evaluation of the NVH performance of the propulsion system due to the reversal the EM force directions. The predicted analysis results are compared with the measured mount vibration

Analysis, Design &amp; Installation of Vibration Isolation for Lightweight Helipads

This case study discusses the design and manufacturing steps for the installation of a vibration isolation solution for two lightweight helidecks installed on the rooftop of an existing medical center building. The design stage involved the analysis of the relevant information, involving several specialties, such as Acoustics (for sources of vibration and acoustic performance requirements), Heliport Design (for the type of aircraft, MTOW, number of supports, static and dynamic loads) and Structural (for the types of connections to the existing building structure). A collaborative effort between CDM Stravitec and the helideck supplier led the design through a progressive and iterative process where a final design that responded to the strong acoustical requirements and the complex nature of a fully functional and integrated lightweight helideck. Along the design, compromises where made ensure that requirements are met for both acoustic and structural performance. The solution delivered was a prefabricated box, that could easily be installed on site, comprised the necessary components such as springs and uplift restraints to deal with the challenging aspects of the isolation of lightweight helidecks. The paper also discusses the challenges and best practices encountered during the production and installation of the system.

Selection of induction motor stator and rotor slot number combination for optimal NVH

With the rise of vehicle electrification, considerable research has been directed towards reducing motor noise, predominantly focusing on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM). Despite the increasing popularity of the induction motor, driven by its reliability, cost-effectiveness, and lower environmental impact, discussions surrounding the Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) aspects of induction motors remain limited. This paper addresses the NVH implications associated with stator and rotor slot combinations in conventional squirrel-cage induction motors. Through a design parametric study that examines the impact of varying the number of rotor bars through analytical simulation, the findings not only identify the optimal slot combination for minimizing motor noise but also demonstrate the critical importance of selecting the proper slot configuration, as NVH performance can exhibit significant variations. A physical test was conducted to validate the analytical simulations. This research contributes valuable insights into the induction motor design, especially at the early design stage, emphasizing the necessity of considerations in achieving enhanced NVH performance.

Navigating urban climate design implementation challenges: insights from Brisbane’s built environment experts

ABSTRACT Urban densification, intended to enhance efficiency, often exacerbates urban climate issues like diminished thermal and wind comfort. Despite substantial evidence on the climatic impacts of urbanization, integrating this knowledge into development practices remains difficult. This study investigates urban climate design in Brisbane, Australia through semi-structured interviews with built environment professionals. A qualitative thematic analysis uncovers several challenges: ambiguous planning codes, a knowledge gap on microclimate effects, short-term political and economic priorities, and a lack of robust technical methods in early design stages. Recommendations include technological development, raising public awareness, and incorporating climate-sensitive practices in urban planning and design.

Lean-and-Green Fractional Factorial Screening of 3D-Printed ABS Mechanical Properties Using a Gibbs Sampler and a Neutrosophic Profiler

The use of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) in additive manufacturing applications constitutes an elucidating example of a promising match of a sustainable material to a sustainable production process. Lean-and-green datacentric-based techniques may enhance the sustainability of product-making and process-improvement efforts. The mechanical properties—the yield strength and the ultimate compression strength—of 3D-printed ABS product specimens are profiled by considering as many as eleven controlling factors at the process/product design stage. A fractional-factorial trial planner is used to sustainably suppress by three orders of magnitude the experimental needs for materials, machine time, and work hours. A Gibbs sampler and a neutrosophic profiler are employed to treat the complex production process by taking into account potential data uncertainty complications due to multiple distributions and indeterminacy issues due to inconsistencies owing to mechanical testing conditions. The small-data multifactorial screening outcomes appeared to steadily converge to three factors (the layer height, the infill pattern angle, and the outline overlap) with a couple of extra factors (the number of top/bottom layers and the infill density) to supplement the linear modeling effort and provide adequate predictions for maximizing the responses of the two examined mechanical properties. The performance of the optimal 3D-printed ABS specimens exhibited sustainably acceptable discrepancies, which were estimated at 3.5% for the confirmed mean yield strength of 51.70 MPa and at 5.5% for the confirmed mean ultimate compression strength of 53.58 MPa. The verified predictors that were optimally determined from this study were (1) the layer thickness—set at 0.1 mm; (2) the infill angle—set at 0°; (3) the outline overlap—set at 80%; (4) the number of top/bottom layers—set at 5; and (5) the infill density—set at 100%. The multifactorial datacentric approach composed of a fractional-factorial trial planner, a Gibbs sampler, and a neutrosophic profiler may be further tested on more intricate materials and composites while introducing additional product/process characteristics.

Natural ventilation cooling effectiveness classification for building design addressing climate characteristics

The evaluation of natural ventilation potential for effective sustainable options and innovative green building design strategies is of great interest to architects, researchers and governments. From a retrospective review, we found that the potential evaluation of natural ventilation (NV) cooling effectiveness in the same category based on similar meteorological uncertainty, research objectives and objects showed significant differences. Uncertainties added and uncertainty propagation (both model form uncertainties and parameter uncertainties) could result in large discrepancies between simulation outcomes and real scenarios, especially in the design performance modeling (DPM) phase. In this conceptual design stage, a few parameters are available and therefore decisive. It is necessary to review and identify the key performance indicators and explore the extent to which deviations are caused by inconsistencies or biases in model information. As a basis for more concrete research, we propose statistical tests based on quantitative evaluations to explore the rule of natural ventilation potential volatility and identify whether there is a significant potential improvement resulting from the critical parameter enhancement with the optimal relationship. The showcase is applied in China, where there has been a significant amount of criticism regarding the current building climate zoning due to the perceived coarseness of the system and where there has been an active exploration into the possibility of redefining building climate zoning with a view toward improving its accuracy and effectiveness.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOFTWARE PREFERENCES AND BUILDING TYPOLOGY IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO

The developments of information technology have affected architectural education methods significantly, especially in the usage of architectural design softwares throughout the design process. Proficiency to operate certain software has become one of important considerations in professional architectural practice, because such skill will affect the whole process and outputs. With excellent skill, one can visualize and communicate design more effectively, rather than other individuals that use more updated software features but still learning to operate them. On the other hand, the learning process in architectural design studios always has a theme that can be classified to certain building typologies. This research aims to study the relation between building typology and software preferences in each design stage, from students point of view. The targeted students are the ones in third and fourth year of study, where the digital media are utilized in the studio process. The data obtained from questionnaires will be analyzed further using descriptive and correlational analysis. The findings from this research will serve as an input for the development of architectural education curriculum, regarding the most relevant and beneficial architectural software in each design process, from students' preferences.