Stage 3b Research Articles

Characteristics of Early Pancreatic Cancer: Comparison between Stage 1A and Stage 1B Pancreatic Cancer in Multicenter Clinical Data Warehouse Study.

Little is known about the characteristics of early pancreatic cancer. We aimed to identify the characteristics, clues for early detection, and prognostic factors for early pancreatic cancer by analyzing a large number of patients with stage 1 pancreatic cancer. A clinical data warehouse that includes databases of all the medical records of eight academic institutions was used to select and analyze patients with pancreatic cancer that had been diagnosed from January 2010 to May 2023. In total, 257 stage 1 pancreatic cancer patients were included. There were 134 men (52%), and the average age was 67.2 ± 9.9 years. Compared to patients with stage 1B pancreatic cancer (2-4 cm), patients with stage 1A pancreatic cancer (≤2 cm) had more tumors in the body and tail than in the head (p = 0.028), more new-onset diabetes and less old diabetes (p = 0.010), less jaundice (p = 0.020), more follow-up of IPMN (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, p = 0.029), and more histories of acute pancreatitis (p = 0.013). The pathological findings showed that stage 1A pancreatic cancer involved more IPMNs (p < 0.001) and lower pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (p = 0.004). IPMN was present in all 13 pancreatic tumors that were smaller than 1 cm. In multivariate analysis, positive resection margin (odds ratio [OR] 1.536, p = 0.040), venous invasion (OR 1.710, p = 0.010), and perineural invasion (OR 1.968, p = 0.002) were found to be risk factors affecting disease-free survival, while old diabetes (odds ratio [OS] 1.981, p = 0.003) and perineural invasion (OR 2.270, p = 0.003) were found to be risk factors affecting overall survival. IPMN is closely associated with early pancreatic cancer and may provide an opportunity for early detection. The presence of perineural invasion was a crucial prognostic factor for both overall and disease-free survival in patients with stage 1 pancreatic cancer.

Clinical case of COVID-19 in an HIV-infected teenager

The problem of non-smooth course of COVID-19 in people with severe comorbidities is topical. The greatest number of deaths from a new coronavirus infection was noted in the presence of such diseases as: obesity, chronic bronchopulmonary, cardiovascular diseases, HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, oncohematology, etc. Due to the focus of the healthcare system on the COVID-19 pandemic, less attention is paid to the fight against the immunodeficiency virus, despite the fact that the epidemiological situation with HIV infection in the Russian Federation continues to be tense. Individuals with HIV infection may be at increased risk of complications and death associated with COVID-19. The stage of HIV infection, indicators of the immune status, viremia, and taking antiretroviral therapy correlate with the severity of the course of COVID-19/HIV and have prognostic value. A clinical observation of the course of a new coronavirus infection in a 15-year-old teenager born to an HIV infected mother (who hid her HIV status at the time of hospitalization of a child) who was not at a dispensary observation at the AIDS Center was presented. The child was hospitalized with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), complicated: acute community-acquired (interstitial) bilateral pneumonia. The low index body mass of the child, the presence of concomitant pathology, the non-smooth course of the disease made it possible to suspect the patient of an immunodeficiency condition and identify concomitant HIV infection in the secondary disease stage (4B), the progression phase with the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: the non-smooth course and severity of the disease were mainly due to secondary infections pathology. Severe immunosuppression detected in a child due to HIV infection contributed to the long-term persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this case, it was not established that HIV infection in the patient was a factor predisposing to the severe course of COVID-19 and contributing to a prognostically unfavorable outcome. Complex therapy including antiretroviral therapy prevented further progression of immunosuppression and led to recovery from new coronavirus infection and management of comorbidity. The increase in the number of HIV-infected persons in the late stages of infection, often detected by chance, only during hospitalization, presents difficulties for therapy due to late diagnosis, the presence of a combined secondary pathology and the severity of its course against the background of low immune status parameters.

Scleral Buckling for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Case Report

Introduction : Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative retinal disease that affects premature infants. Patients with advanced ROP require surgery to minimize retinal distortion and prevent total retinal detachment. This case reports the efficacy of scleral buckling (SB) in a patient with stage 4B ROP in both eyes within 3 months.&#x0D; Case Illustration : A 4-month-old female baby presented to the Pediatric Ophthalmology Division in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital with the chief complaint of no eye contact in both eyes. Her eyes moved by themselves since the age of 3.5 months and sometimes looked crossed. The patient presented to the pediatrician and was referred to the pediatric ophthalmology division for further management. There was a history of premature delivery at 30 weeks with oxygen therapy for 3 weeks. Pediatric Ophthalmology Division performed ultrasonography and Retcam and diagnosed ROP stage 4B in both eyes. Scleral buckling was performed by vitreoretinal division in the right and left eyes at 49 and 52 weeks postmenstrual age, respectively.&#x0D; Discussion : Vitrectomy and scleral buckling are the surgical options in advanced ROP. Vitrectomy is ideally performed in stage 4A without macular involvement. We considered performing SB because vitrectomy seems to be ineffective in this patient and the patient is more prone to intraocular complications.&#x0D; Conclusion : Scleral buckling is effective in preventing further progression of retinal detachment, reducing vitreoretinal traction and preventing ischemia in the retinal detachment. In short-term follow-up, we found no worsening of progression. However, further follow-up is needed to demonstrate the long- term efficacy of SB in advanced ROP.

Real-world management of chronic and postprandial hyperkalemia in CKD patients treated with patiromer: a single-center retrospective study.

Hyperkalemia, one of the most important electrolyte abnormalities of chronic kidney disease (CKD), often limits the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and can increase in the postprandial period. In this study we report a real-world experience with the new non-adsorbed potassium binder patiromer in stage 3b-4 CKD patients. Moreover, we performed a cross-sectional analysis to evaluate, for the first time, the efficacy of patiromer in the control of postprandial potassium concentrations. We retrospectively collected data of 40 patients at the time of patiromer initiation (T0), and after 2 (T2), 6 (T6) and 12 (T12) months of treatment. For cross sectional analysis, a blood sample was collected 2h after the main meal for the evaluation of postprandial potassium concentrations. Eighty-two point five percent of patients (33/40) reached normal potassium concentrations at T2. Serum potassium significantly decreased at T2 compared to T0 (5.13 ± 0.48 vs 5.77 ± 0.41mmol/L, respectively; p < 0.001) and the reduction remained significant during the follow-up (5.06 ± 0.36 at T6 and 5.77 ± 0.41 at T12; p < 0.001 vs T0). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors were continued by 93% of patients (27/29). Adverse events were reported in 27.5% of patients and were all mild-to-moderate. Postprandial potassium concentrations did not significantly change compared to fasting state potassium measured at T12 (4.53 ± 0.33 vs 5.06 ± 0.36mmol/L; p = 0.15). In a real-world setting of advanced CKD patients, patiromer is a useful treatment for hyperkalemia, since it significantly reduces serum potassium levels over the long term and is able to maintain potassium concentrations in the normal range even in the post-prandial period.

Long-term trajectories of clinical staging in first-episode psychosis and their associated cognitive outcome: A 21-year follow-up study

Cognitive deficits are already present before psychosis onset but are a key feature of first-episode psychosis (FEP). The objective of this study was to investigate the cognitive outcomes of a cohort of FEP patients who were diagnosed using the clinical staging approach and were followed for up to 21 years.We analyzed data from 173 participants with first-admission psychosis who were followed-up for a mean of 20.9 years. The clinical staging assessment was adapted from the clinical staging framework developed by McGorry et al.1 Cognitive assessment was performed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MMCB) at the end of follow-up.FEP patients who were longitudinally diagnosed in the lowest clinical stages (stages 2A and 2B) showed better performance in attention, processing speed, and MCCB overall composite score than those in the highest clinical stages (stages 4A and 4B). There was a significant linear trend association between worsening of all MCCB cognitive functions and MCCB overall composite score and progression in clinical staging. Furthermore, the interval between two and five years of follow-up appears to be associated with deficits in processing speed as a cognitive marker.Our results support the validation of the clinical staging model over a long-term course of FEP based on neuropsychological performance. A decline in some cognitive functions, such as processing speed, may facilitate the transition of patients to an advanced stage during the critical period of first-episode psychosis.

Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective The gut bacterial microbiota is altered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the bacterial composition at each stage of CKD is unclear in these patients, including those receiving renal replacement therapy. We herein report the changes in the gut microbiota among patients with CKD. Methods A total of 93 individuals were recruited for the study. Seventy-three patients had stage 3-5 CKD, including those receiving renal replacement therapy (CKD group), and 20 were age- and sex-matched controls (CKD stage 1-2). The gut microbiome composition was analyzed using a 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based sequencing protocol. Results At the genus level, the butyrate-producing bacteria Lachnospira, Blautia, Coprococcus, Anaerostipes, and Roseburia were more abundant in the control group (linear discriminant analysis score of >3) than in the CKD group. Lachnospira was more abundant in the control group than in patients with CKD stage 3a. Compared to the control group, multiplex butyrate-producing bacteria were deficient in patients with CKD stage 3b-5D, including in patients receiving renal replacement therapy. Conclusion Our findings highlight the fact that the gut bacterial composition, including butyrate-producing bacteria, deteriorates from CKD stage 3b. Even after renal replacement therapy, the bacterial composition did not change.

Use of novel cancer staging model to analyze healthcare costs of commercially insured patients with colorectal cancer.

35 Background: Earlier colorectal cancer diagnosis can improve patient outcomes, but the payer cost impact of earlier stage at cancer diagnosis is not well understood because stage information is not directly available in administrative claims data. This data gap impairs researchers’ ability to fully evaluate the financial impact of earlier neoplasia detection resulting from colorectal cancer screening. In prior work, we used SEER-Medicare data to develop machine learning algorithms to assign AJCC stages to colon (CC) and rectal (RC) cancer patients using treatment flags derived from claims data. These algorithms were 83% (CC) and 69% (RC) accurate at assigning incident cancer patients to their SEER-recorded AJCC stage. This new work applied those validated algorithms to commercial claims data to study the healthcare costs by stage of patients identified with incident CC or RC. Methods: Newly diagnosed CC and RC patients were identified in Milliman’s 2019-2020 Consolidated Health Cost Guidelines Sources Data for commercially insured patients. Patients were assigned a cancer stage using a claims-based predictive multinomial logistic regression model (R Statistical Software - v4.1.2 R Core Team 2021; nnet package - Venables and Ripley 2002). Allowed medical and pharmacy costs were summarized by month, starting from each patient’s initial claim with a cancer diagnosis through the end of the patient’s enrollment or through September 2022. Patients with each cancer type were then grouped by stage, and mean cumulative costs at 12-, 24-, and 36-months were calculated. Results: CC patients with stage 4 disease incur costs over 4x greater than those with stages 2B or lower and 1.7x greater than patients with stages 2B/3 during the first year after diagnosis. Cost differentials by stage are smaller among patients with RC. RC patients with stage 4 disease incur costs 2.2x greater than those with stages 2B or lower and 1.3x greater than patients with stages 2B/3 over the first year after diagnosis. For both CC and RC, substantial differences in cost persist over a 3-year period post-diagnosis. Conclusions: We applied a novel cancer staging model to commercial claims to estimate patients’ healthcare costs by stage at diagnosis. CC and RC patients’ costs increase substantially as their stages at diagnosis increase. In addition to improving patient outcomes, diagnosis of CC and RC at earlier stages among commercial patients could reduce treatment costs. [Table: see text]

Outcomes of Modified Limbal Lensectomy-Vitrectomy in Stages 4B and 5 Retinopathy of Prematurity with Extended Retrolental Fibroplasia

To report on the anatomical and functional outcomes of a modified limbal lensectomy-vitrectomy (LV) approach for stages 4B and 5 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) as defined in the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, 3rd Edition (ICROP 3). Retrospective, monocentric, consecutive case series. Infants with ROP that underwent limbal LV for diffuse retrolental fibroplasia. Clinical charts and Retcam photographs were reviewed. Surgical approach consisted of a limbal LV through peripheral iridectomies with centripetal dissection of the preretinal fibrosis. Anatomical success and visual function at last follow-up were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore potential prognostic factors affecting the anatomical outcome. A total of 128 eyes of 81 patients with a mean gestational age of 28.7 ± 3.0 weeks and a mean birthweight of 1244 ± 429 g were included. Eighteen eyes (14.1%) had a stage 4B, 24 (18.8%) a stage 5B, and 86 a stage 5C (67.2%) ROP. Mean age at surgery was 57.4 ± 36.3 weeks and mean postoperative follow-up was 22.7 ± 20.4 months. Only 5 eyes (3.9%) had prior peripheral retinal ablation. Macular reattachment was achieved in 74 eyes (57.8%). Controlling for other baseline factors, a stage 5C (versus stage 4B, odds ratio [OR]= 6.9 [1.5-32.1], P= 0.01 and versus stage 5B, OR= 7.4 [1.5-37.1], P= 0.02), the presence of vascular activity (OR= 6.4 [2.3-18.1], P < 0.001), and the presence of Schlieren sign (OR= 13.0 [2.1-82.2], P= 0.006) were associated with a failure of macular reattachment. Visual acuity was assessed in 92 eyes (71.9%), among which 59 eyes (64.1%) had light perception or better. Modified limbal LV resulted in macular reattachment in more than half of eyes with ROP-related retinal detachment and diffuse retrolental fibrosis. A stage 5C based on ICROP 3, the presence of vascular activity, and a Schlieren sign were significantly associated with a failure of macular reattachment. The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

P16 Hypopigmented Mycosis Fungoides in a Caucasian child

Abstract We report a case of hypopigmented MF in an 8-year-old Caucasian boy whose skin had been managed as pityriasis alba for a number of years. On initial presentation to the emergency department, multiple non-itchy scattered hypopigmented macules were incidentally noted on the lower abdomen, groin, lateral flanks and axillae. Physical examination revealed widespread hypopigmented patches. Differential diagnoses included pityriasis alba or post inflammatory hypopigmentation secondary to atopic dermatitis. He was initially managed with mild to moderate corticosteroids and emollients, but continued to develop multiple atypical asymmetrical macules, particularly on the lower abdomen and groin. Although the skin was responsive to anti-inflammatory treatment, given the progression, a skin biopsy was requested. A lesional punch biopsy from the abdomen revealed focal lymphocyte exocytosis and interface change at the epidermis. Given the subtle findings the case was discussed at our histopathology MDT meeting. Further specialist review of the histopathology showed clinicopathological correlation in keeping with CD8+ mycosis fungoides (hypopigmented variant). He is currently managed with regular potent topical steroids, 0.1% topical tacrolimus. TL01 phototherapy has been suggested. Juvenile onset MF constitutes hypopigmented, poikilodermatosis, pityriasis lichenoides-like, folliculotropic, and pigmented purpura- like presentations1. Generally there is no disease progression beyond stage 1A or 1B disease2. Hypopigmented MF is well described in black and Asian skin types but it is also important to appreciate that multiple reoccurring atypical hypopigmented patches in Caucasian skin may also be a variant of hypopigmented MF.

Multicentre external validation of the prognostic model kidney failure risk equation in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 in Peru: a retrospective cohort study

ObjectivesTo externally validate the four-variable kidney failure risk equation (KFRE) in the Peruvian population for predicting kidney failure at 2 and 5 years.DesignA retrospective cohort study.Setting17 primary care centres from...

Renal outcomes with sodium-glucose cotransporters 2 inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3b-4.

Introduction: Randomized clinical trials have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors significantly reduce renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at high risk for cardiovascular disease. However, these trials included only a small number of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (CKD), leaving the renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in T2DM patients and impaired renal function unclear. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on kidney function in T2DM patients with CKD stages 3b-4 with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15-45 mL/min/1.73 m². Conducted by a single nephrology group across two medical centers, the study included 175 T2DM patients who initiated SGLT2 inhibitor therapy and continued treatment for at least one year. The primary outcomes were changes in eGFR and urinary protein excretion over a one-year period. Results: After one year of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy, the median eGFR showed no significant change from baseline. However, the annual decline in eGFR significantly improved, and urinary protein excretion decreased significantly. Despite these positive renal outcomes, HbA1c reduction was not significant. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors offer renoprotective benefits in T2DM patients with moderate-to-severe CKD by improving the annual decline in eGFR and reducing urinary protein excretion. Further prospective clinical studies are required to assess the long-term effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on glycemic control and renal function in this patient population.

Assessment of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric diabetic kidney disease phenotype

Introduction. The aim of this study is analysis of cardiovascular risk in non-albuminuric and albuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease. Material and Methods. The study included 136 patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;90 ml/ min/1.73 m2). Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (patients without albuminuria) and Group B (patients with albuminuria). The cardiovascular risk was assessed through a retrospective analysis of data from electronic medical records. Results. We found statistically significantly more patients with stage 3a (Group A: 10% vs. Group B: 54%) and stage 3b (Group A: 7% vs. Group B: 13%; p&lt;0.05) chronic kidney disease in the albuminuric group. These patients also had a longer duration of diabetes (Group A: 13.43?9.56 vs. Group B: 17.14?9.17 years; p&lt;0.05), a higher frequency of male subjects (Group A: 44% vs. Group B: 63.9%; p&lt;0.05) and a higher prevalence of smokers. The presence of hypertension was significantly more frequent in Group B (Group A: 89% vs. Group B: 97.2%; p&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and metabolic control. However, coronary heart disease (Group A: 36% vs. Group B: 55.6%; p&lt;0.05), peripheral artery disease (Group A: 16% vs. Group B: 22.2%; p&lt;0.05), and stroke (Group A: 5% vs. Group B: 22.2%; p&lt;0.05) were significantly more common in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria. Conclusion. The albuminuric phenotype of diabetic kidney disease is associated with greater kidney function impairment, a longer duration of diabetes, and a higher prevalence in men. The presence of albuminuria significantly increases cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Using renoprotective antihyperglycemic agents is essential in this group of patients, as they have an increased mortality risk.

Initiation patterns of anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation among older UK adults with and without chronic kidney disease, 2010–2020

BackgroundThere is a paucity of data on the initiation patterns of anticoagulants among older atrial fibrillation patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD).Setting and methodsWe used the UK Clinical...

Prognosis of IgA Nephropathy with Stages 3b-5 CKD

Introduction: There are conflicting opinions regarding the use of immunosuppressant treatment in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 and persistent proteinuria with a daily excretion of ≥1.0 g. Methods: This retrospective study involved 110 IgAN patients for whom clinical data were available; of these, 90 had complete follow-up data. Patients were grouped based on whether they received immunotherapy during follow-up, their renal function, proteinuria levels, and the percentage of crescentic glomeruli observed at the time of renal biopsy. Results: The mean eGFR for the participants was 32.0 ± 10.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. The average follow-up duration was 46.1 ± 37.9 months. The mean rate of decline in eGFR was 3.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year. There were 43 (47.8%) composite kidney endpoints occurred in these patients. In the group that received immunotherapy, the incidence of kidney endpoint events was lower than in the untreated group (45.1% vs. 57.9%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.320). Among patients with stage CKD 3b, the incidence of endpoint events was lower than in those with stages CKD 4 and 5 (36.8% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.006). Conversely, the high proteinuria group saw a higher incidence of endpoint events compared to the low proteinuria group (51.9% vs. 23.1%), although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.054). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the incidence of endpoint events between the two crescent glomerular ratio groups (48.7% vs. 41.7%, p = 0.649). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that renal function level (p < 0.001) and proteinuria (p = 0.023) were associated with renal survival in IgAN patients. In contrast, the administration of immunosuppressive therapy (p = 0.288) and the prevalence of C lesions (p = 0.982) did not show a significant association with renal survival. Further, Cox regression analysis identified systolic blood pressure, fibrinogen, and CKD stage as risk factors for eGFR decline in IgAN patients (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: IgAN patients with stages 3b-5 CKD exhibited a poor prognosis. It appears that in this specific cohort of IgAN patients, immunosuppressive therapy may not provide significant advantages over supportive care therapeutic regimens in terms of disease management.

Functional health literacy in chronic kidney disease patients: a challenge in the preventive approach

Objective To identify the prevalence of functional health literacy and analyze the association between functional health literacy levels and clinical and sociodemographic variables in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 167 chronic kidney disease patients being monitored at the nephrology outpatient clinic of a large city in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. For the interviews, a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese Speaking Adults (SAHLPA-18) were used to measure functional health literacy. Descriptive statistics were performed for sociodemographic and clinical variables, and correlation tests and linear regression models for association with functional health literacy. Results Most participants were older adults with a median age of 68 years, 33.3% (56 patients) were in stage 3B of chronic kidney disease and 53.9% (90 patients) had inadequate functional health literacy. There was no association between functional health literacy levels and clinical variables. The majority reported not using the internet and the more advanced stage of chronic kidney disease had lower literacy scores. Worse functional health literacy scores were also identified in those with lower income. Conclusion Most participants had inadequate functional health literacy. Clinical variables were not predictors of literacy scores. However, lower health literacy scores were identified in those with more advanced stage kidney disease, lower income and less internet use.

May-Hegglin anomaly associated nephropathy: Case series

May-Hegglin anomaly associated nephropathy: Case series

The Effectiveness Of Atorvastatin On Kidney Function In Outpatient Diabetic Nephrophaty Patients

Introduction: Dyslipidemia can damage the kidneys through increased oxidative stress. Statins can be used as adjunctive therapy to standard treatment with Angiotensin Converting Enzym Inhibitor (ACEIs) or Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARBs) to improve renoprotection. Objective: The study is that to analyze the effectiveness atorvastatin on changes in kidney function in patients diabetic nephropathy. Methods: It was observational study. Samples were taken prospectively from diabetic nephropathy patients receiving atorvastatin at the Interna Polyclinic of the Bhayangkara Hospital Surabaya namely November 2021 – January 2022. Patients aged 18 – 80 years received atorvastatin for ≤3 months before the study was conducted, with Glomerulo Filtration Rate (GFR) stages 3A, 3B, and 4, with mild, moderate, and severe albuminuria degrees. Results: There are several patients which receive ARBs, namely candesartan and ketoacid which can affect the results of the analysis so that different tests are conducted in the three groups, the result shows a significant decrease in Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) values in the sample group which receives additional ketoacid therapy (p &lt;0.05); besides, a decrease in parameters albuminuria in the group with additional 16 mg candesartan therapy which is not significant. Conclusion: The administration atorvastatin alone 20 mg or in combination with candesartan 16 mg and ketoacid on kidney function after 3 months of use can prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Key words: Atorvastatin; Diabetic Nephropathy; Kidney Function

Application of the IDEAL framework in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery: a review of the literature.

To evaluate every stage of surgical innovation and generate high-quality research evidence, the IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term study) framework was developed. This study aimed to explore the application of the IDEAL framework in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery and identify factors limiting its dissemination. We conducted a citation search of 8 core IDEAL framework articles in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2009 to 2022. Two independent reviewers screened and selected articles related to hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. A total of 1621 articles were identified through citation search. Following screening, 132 articles were finally retained, including 75 original studies (57%) and 57 secondary studies (43%). Of the original studies, only 10 articles (13%) accurately applied the IDEAL framework in methodology, distributed as follows: 1 in pre-IDEAL stage (0), 2 in Idea stage (1), 7 in Development stage (2a), 1 in Exploration stage (2b), and no articles in Assessment and Long-term study stages (3, 4). In the secondary studies, 36 articles (63%) mentioned and discussed the IDEAL framework, and all supported its application. The application of the IDEAL framework in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery is increasingly widespread, as evidenced by its substantial citation in numerous articles. However, the utilization of the IDEAL framework remains predominantly confined to the early stages of innovation in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, coupled with instances of misapplication stemming from insufficient comprehension of the framework. Further efforts are necessary to extend the impact of the IDEAL framework and provide surgeons with comprehensive guidance for its judicious implementation.

The influence of chronic renal insufficiency on multi-therapeutic modalities for breast cancer: a single-center experience.

Due to the presence of other comorbidities and multi-therapeutic modalities in breast cancer, renally cleared chemotherapeutic regimens may cause nephrotoxicity. The aim of this retrospective study is to compare the chemotherapy types and outcomes in breast cancer patients with or without chronic renal disease. We retrospectively enrolled 62 female patients with breast cancer and underlying late stages (stage 3b, 4, and 5) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) treated from 2000 to 2017. They were propensity score-matched 1:1 with patients in our database with breast cancer and normal renal function (totaln = 124). The main subtype of breast cancer was luminal A and relatively few patients with renal impairment received chemotherapy and anti-Her-2 treatment. The breast cancer patients with late-stage CKD had a slightly higher recurrent rate, especially at the locally advanced stage. The 5-year overall survival was 90.1 and 71.2% for patients without and with late-stage CKD, but the breast cancer-related mortality rate was 88.9 and 24.1%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, dose-reduced chemotherapy was an independent negative predictor of 5-year recurrence-free survival and late-stage CKD was associated with lower 5-year overall survivalrate. Breast cancer patients with late-stage CKD may receive insufficient therapeutic modalities. Although the recurrence-free survival rate did not differ significantly by the status of CKD, patients with breast cancer and late-stage CKD had shorter overall survival time but a lower breast cancer-related mortality rate, indicated that the mortality was related to underlying disease.

Zero-Contrast Left Atrial Appendage Closure in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) usually requires contrast medium during the procedure. However, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of developing contrast nephropathy. This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of zero-contrast LAAC in patients with CKD. Zero-contrast LAAC was attempted in 15 patients with CKD Stages 3b-5 who were not on hemodialysis. All procedures were performed successfully, without any periprocedural complications. At the 45-day follow-up, no device-related complications or acute kidney disease were observed. The strategy of zero-contrast LAAC in patients with CKD can be an acceptable option.