Stafne Bone Cavity Research Articles

Incidence and frequency of nondental incidental findings on cone-beam computed tomography

The purpose of the present study was to determine the frequency of relevant nondental related incidental findings in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the head and neck. Nine hundred ninety-nine images were retrospectively reviewed for incidental findings. Those were defined as carotid artery calcification (CAC), paranasal sinus findings (PSF), sialolithiasis of the parotid gland (SP) or submandibular gland (SSub), calcification of the ligamentum stylohyoideum (CLS), and Stafne bone cavity (SBC). All datasets obtained between 2010 and 2014at a university-based school of dental medicine in Switzerland were reviewed. Demographic data such as age and sex were also recorded. A total of 350 incidental findings within the 999 CBCT scans were identified. The most frequent finding was PSF (27.8%), followed by CLS (11.6%), CAC (5.3%), and SSub (0.8%). No SP or SBC was found. Incidental findings were most frequent between 61 and 70 years of age. Males had a higher prevalence in CAC, PSF, and SSub than females. These results underscore the need for a complete examination of every CBCT image beyond the region of interest.

Stafne bone cavity: the important role of MRI imaging in achieving diagnosis Whipps Cross University Hospital Barts Health NHS Trust

Stafne bone cavity: the important role of MRI imaging in achieving diagnosis Whipps Cross University Hospital Barts Health NHS Trust

An Unusual Case of Large, Destructive Stafne Bone Cavity with CT Findings

An Unusual Case of Large, Destructive Stafne Bone Cavity with CT Findings

Evaluation of volumetric measurements on CBCT images using stafne bone cavities as an example.

BackgroundThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of CBCT in volume measuring using Stafne Bone Cavities (SBC) as an example.Material and MethodsThe study was conducted with 14 subjects with SBC detected on panoramic radiographs. In order to evaluate lesions volumetric dimensions, CBCT images for each patient were captured. Files in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format were transferred into a medical image processing program (ITK-SNAP 2.4.0) and volume in mm3 of the cavities were measured using semi-automatic segmentation procedure by 2 observers blinded to each other over a one-month period. Inter-reliability of volumetric measurements between observers was compared. SBCs relation to mandibular canal was also examined and three types of relation were observed; type 1: mandibular canal is separated from the SBC, type 2: mandibular canal is in contact with SBC, type 3: mandibular canal goes through the SBC.ResultsThere were 12 males and 2 females who had SBC in this study (age range: 37-73, mean age: 55.3 years). The total volume of SBC in patients ranged from 160 mm3 to 520 mm3 (mean: 361.7 mm3). There was no significant difference between observers for volume measurements (p>0.05). According to relationship of SBC with mandibular canal, most SBCs were Type 1 (64.3 %) followed by type 3 (21.4 %) and type 2 (14.3 %). Pearson correlation coefficient shows a positive correlation between lesions volumetric size and relation with mandibular canal (pearson correlation = 0.54, sig < 0.05).ConclusionsBased on the results of this preliminary study, CBCT was considered to be an effective radiographic technic for measuring volumetric sizes of SBCs. However further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to prove the usefulness of CBCT in volume measurements. Key words:Stafne bone cavity, CBCT, volumetric measurements, image segmentation.

Stafne bone cavity: A retrospective panoramic evaluation on prevalence in Turkish subpopulation

Objective: Stafne’s bone cavity was first described by Stafne, who reported 35 cases of unilateral, asymptomatic radiolucencies in 1942. The bone cavities are located on the posterior mandible and below the mandibular canal, above the mandibular base. They usually include an ectopic salivary gland and their incidence was reported as between 0.1% and 0.48%. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of Stafne bone cavity (SBC) in a Turkish subpopulation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational study was designed with panoramic radiographies. A total of 14,250 panoramic radiographies were inspected. 192 of panoramic radiographs were considered as unfit for the study due to various reasons (e.g., low image quality and big artefact) and were excluded from the study. The localizations of the defects on the mandible were noted. Results: Among the 14,058 patients, only 13 (0.09%) had SBC, of whom 4 were female (30.7%), and 9 were male (69.3%). The age range of patients with SBC was 21-75 years (mean age: 49.2). All the cavities were detected in the posterior region of the mandible. Conclusion: SBC is a rare developmental anomaly and has a typical radiologic appearance. Panoramic radiography seems to be a sufficient diagnostic tool for detecting SBC.

Investigation and differential diagnosis of Stafne bone cavities with cone beam computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: Report of two cases

Stafne bone cavity (SBC), commonly known as Stafne bone cyst or defect is mostly asymptomatic, appearing as a unilateral, round or ovoid, radiolucent defect with thick and corticated border. Defects that are referred as pseudocysts generally occur in mandibular molar region, below the mandibular canal at the lingual side of the mandible and may grow slowly in time. They have been also located lingually in the anterior mandible above the mylohyoid muscle, and on the ascending ramus just inferior to mandibular condyle or very rarely buccal region of the ascending ramus. The aim of this case report is to present two unusual cases of SBC detected incidentally during radiographic examination with cone beam computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. In the first case, significant enlargement caused vestibular resorption of the buccal cortex, which is a rare finding with SBCs and in the second case the large bone resorption reached up to the mental foramen.

An unusual case of large, destructive stafne bone cavity with computed tomography findings

Stafne bone cavity (SBC) is an asymptomatic lingual bone depression that usually described as a small oval homogenous radiolucency in the posterior mandibular region. The radiographic appearance and location of the SBC are characteristic and easily identified. The diagnosis can be confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or sialography. This report describes a case of SBC in a 61-year-old male asymptomatic patient, presenting as a radiolucency in the left mandibular body with loss of buccal and lingual cortical plates on three-dimensional CT scan.

Is cone-beam computed tomography diagnostic for anterior Stafne bone cyst: Report of a rare case

Introduction: The incidence of anterior Stafne bone cyst (lingual mandibular bone defect, static bone cyst, latent bone cyst, developmental submandibular gland defect of the mandible) has been estimated to between 0.009% and 0.3%. It is characterized by a round or ovoid, well-defined border, unilocular radiolucency. Most of anterior Stafne bone defects were located between the cuspid and the first molar, but a few cases have been reported in the incisor area. Case Report: We present a 48-year-old man with anterior Stafne bone defect in the incisor area diagnosed by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Discussion: CBCT can be a confirmatory imaging technique to detect anterior mandibular bony configurations such as Stafne bone cavity with the lingual cortical plate being spared.

Stafne bone defect in the anterior mandible.

Lingual mandibular bone defect, also known as Stafne bone cavity, is mostly seen in the posterior portion of the mandible. Cavities in the anterior region are very unusual, with around 50 cases reported in the English literature. They are often asymptomatic and found during routine radiographic examinations. This article describes a case of anterior Stafne bone cavity in a 56-year-old male patient.

Stafne bone cavities: systematic algorithm for diagnosis derived from retrospective data over a 5-year period

Stafne bone cavities are usually found in men 50–70 years old. Typically they appear as lingual, open, ovoid lesions of the molar region of the lower jaw, and most contain parts of the submandibular gland. We have retrospectively examined panoramic radiographs acquired over a 5-year period. All lesions suspected of being Stafne bone cavities were included and analysed further to retrieve statistical information and derive a systematic diagnostic algorithm. We identified 21 Stafne bone cavities among 2928 patients (0.7%). Four of these were confirmed on cone-beam computed tomography (CT). One patient had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm the diagnosis. The M:F ratio was 14:7 and the mean age 53 years (range 22–82). All cavities were located in the posterior mandible, 9 on the right and 12 on the left. The mean length was 10.9 (range 4.5–23) mm and height 5.7 (range 3.3–17.3) mm. All cavities were located in the posterior mandible. Sixteen panoramic radiographs (0.6%) were classified as possibly having a Stafne bone cavity but did not fulfil enough criteria to confirm the diagnosis. These 16 were not further analysed. It is rare to diagnose a Stafne bone cavity on a panoramic radiograph. Thorough investigation is essential to exclude differential diagnoses such as keratocystic odontogenic tumour, ameloblastoma, or a metastasis.In atypical presentations 3-dimensional cone-beam CT is helpful to verify the lingual opening. If the diagnosis is still not clear, it can be confirmed by MRI.

Stafne bone cavity: An unusual case with involvement of the buccal and lingual mandibular plates

Lingual mandibular bone defects, also known as Stafne bone cavity (SC), are unilateral asymptomatic radiolucencies, generally seen in the mandibular angle, below the inferior alveolar canal. Although panoramic radiographies normally offer enough information to make a correct diagnosis, additional studies are often required, especially in atypical cases. The present report describes an atypical presentation of a Stafne’s bone cavity in a 78 years-old male patient. In this particular case, an asymptomatic and radiolucid lesion was observed during a routine dental examination. The computed tomography (CT) showed an involvement of both lingual and buccal mandibular plates producing a tunnel-like lesion. No history of mandibular trauma or surgery was refered. An additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was made to discard submandibular gland pathology and to confirm the diagnosis. Since SC is asymptomatic and nonprogressive, a conservative approach based in clinical and radiological follow-ups was considered to be the most suitable treatment option. Key words:Stafne bone cavity, lingual mandibular bone defect, case report.

Bilateral stafne bone cavity in the anterior mandible with heterotopic salivary gland tissue: a case report.

Stafne bone cavity is a well demarcated defect of the mandible, usually asymptomatic and located in the posterior portion of the bone.1 Most cases have been reported in male patients between the age of 50 and 70 years.2 This lesion has been labeled with various terms, including ectopic salivary gland, idiopathic defect, mandibular salivary gland inclusion, Stafne bone cavity and cyst.2 The cavities are often filled with normal salivary gland tissue, but occasional cases showed cavity contents that included skeletal muscle, fibrous connective tissue and adipose tissue.1,2 Bilateral Stafne bone cavity of the anterior mandible is extremely rare and only seven such cases have been reported previously.2 Herein, we report a case of bilateral Stafne bone cavity of the anterior mandible.

Stafne bone cavity incidentally ′′Twice′′ diagnosed on panoramic radiographs

A 63-year-old male patient admitted to another hospital for prosthetic restoration. On the panoramic radiograph a lesion was detected on the right mandible and he was referred for a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination. The patient then admitted to our clinic for the diagnosis of this lesion. Review of the dental records revealed that a panoramic radiograph and a maxillofacial computed tomography scan were made about 10 years ago, and a Stafne bone cavity (SBC) was diagnosed. Moreover, a follow-up panoramic radiograph was made about 5 years ago. Despite the explanation given, the patient requested the CBCT examination in a private imaging center. The imaging features of the lesion were the same. In order to protect the patients from unnecessary radiation, the clinicians should make every effort to prevent duplicate imaging, and X-ray based advanced imaging techniques should be reserved for selected cases.

Lingual Mandibular Bone Defect: A Case Report of Stafne Cyst

Stafne cyst, also known as the stafne bone cavity is a concavity in the lingual cortex of mandible containing salivary gland tissue. These radiolucent areas are usually cortical defects occurred as a result of extension of the submandibular gland. This cyst is incidentally detected on the radiographs ordered for the other reasons. Our case report is on a male patient aged 44 years admitted to another center with the complaints of the pain in the jaw and left side of the face, and who underwent panoramic radiographic examination of the mandible, in addition to dental and mandible tomographies. Radiological findings correlate with Stafne cyst. Tegretol was commenced with the provisional diagnosis of atypical facial pain and trigeminal neuralgia. Panoramic radiography of the mandible was scheduled 6 months later for the follow up of the cyst.

Nonendodontic Lesions Misdiagnosed as Apical Periodontitis Lesions: Series of Case Reports and Review of Literature

IntroductionThis study aimed to analyze cases referred from a reference service in oral pathology that were initially misdiagnosed as periapical lesions of endodontic origin and to perform a review of the literature regarding lesions located in the apical area of teeth with a nonendodontic source. MethodsA survey was made of clinical cases derived from the service of oral pathology from 2002 to 2012. The pertinent literature was also reviewed using ScienceDirect and PubMed databases. The lesions were grouped into benign lesions mimicking endodontic periapical lesions (BLMEPLs), malignant lesions mimicking endodontic periapical lesions (MLMEPLs), and Stafne bone cavities. The clinical presentations were divided into lesions with swelling without pain, lesions with swelling and pain, and lesions without swelling but presenting with pain. ResultsThe results showed that 66% (37/56) of cases represented benign lesions, 29% (16/56) malignant lesions, and 5% (3/56) Stafne bone cavities. The most commonly reported BLMEPLs were ameloblastomas (21%) followed by nasopalatine duct cysts (13.5%). The most frequently cited MLMEPLs were metastatic injuries (31.5%) followed by carcinomas (25%). The main clinical presentation of BLMEPLs was pain, whereas that of MLMEPLs was swelling associated with pain; Stafne bone cavities displayed particular clinical findings. ConclusionsClinical and radiologic aspects as well as the analysis of the patients' medical history, pulp vitality tests, and aspiration are essential tools for developing a correct diagnosis of periapical lesions of endodontic origin. However, if the instruments mentioned earlier indicate a lesion of nonendodontic origin, a biopsy and subsequent histopathological analysis are mandatory.

An unusual case of double idiopathic ramus-related Stafne bone cavity

Stafne’s mandibular cyst, defect, or cavity, are asymptomatic lingual or buccal bone depressions of the lower jaw frequently caused by soft-tissue inclusion. Radiographically, they are usually located in the lingual cortex, between the angle and the first molar area of the mandible, as round or ovoid radiolucencies with thick and corticated borders. Mandibular bone depressions located on the lingual or buccal aspect of the ramus are the rarest locations with very few cases reported in the literature. In this paper, double idiopathic Stafne bone cavities, one located on the buccal and other located on the lingual aspect of the ramus, are reported, with CBCT and MRI findings.

An unusual trilobate Stafne bone cavity

This report describes an unusual case of trilobate Stafne bone cavity in a 72-year-old male asymptomatic patient, presenting as a radiolucency in the left mandibular body with an irregular peripheral border and a central area of reduced density on panoramic radiograph.

Intraorally exposed anterior Stafne bone defect: a case report

Anterior Stafne bone defect is a rare lingual bone depression mostly seen in the mandibular canine-premolar region; however, exposure of the defect into the oral cavity is quite rare. In this article, a case of anterior Stafne bone cavity, which can be seen in the intraoral examination, is presented with clinical features. Surgery is not considered for this case and after 2 years of follow-up, the defect remained stable.

Cone beam CT sialography of Stafne bone cavity

Stafne bone cavity (SBC) was mostly described as a small oval radiolucency in the posterior mandibular region. To the best of our knowledge, the literature does not contain any report of the use of cone beam CT (CBCT) sialography for the diagnosis of this entity. The aim of this paper is to present a large, irregular and expanded atypical SBC, which made diagnosis difficult. A CBCT sialography was performed to get a definite diagnosis of this rare entity.

Stafne Bone Cavity in the Anterior Mandible

Lingual mandibular bone defect, also known as Stafne bone cavity, is mostly seen in the posterior portion of the mandible. Inclusions in the anterior portion are very unusual, with around 50 cases reported in the English-language literature. They are often asymptomatic conditions diagnosed during a routine radiographic examination. This article describes a case of anterior Stafne bone cavity in a 52-year-old man mistaken for periapical pathologic defect and referred for treatment. In addition to clinical examination, the patient was imaged using conventional periapical, panoramic radiography, and computed tomography. Confirmation of the salivary gland tissue in the lingual mandibular defect was made with the histopathologic examination after surgical intervention. The differential diagnoses, treatment choices, and pathogenesis of these bone cavities are also discussed after the case presentation along with the literature review.