Stachys Lavandulifolia Research Articles

In vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm screening of eighteen Iranian medicinal plants

BackgroundNatural products are one of the best candidates for controlling drug-resistant pathogens, the advantages of which include low production costs and low side effects. In this study, as potential antimicrobials, the anti-bacterial and antibiofilm activities of several Iranian native medicinal plants were screened.MethodsThe antibacterial/antifungal and anti-biofilm activities of 18 medicinal plants including Reseda lutea L., Nepeta sintenisii Bunge., Stachys turcomanica Trautv., Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl, Diarthron antoninae (Pobed.) Kit Tan., Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., Euphorbia kopetdaghi Prokh, Euphorbia serpens Kunth., Hymenocrater calycinus Benth., Scutellaria pinnatifida A.Ham., Viola tricolor L., Hypericum helianthemoides (Spach) Boiss., Hypericum scabrum L., Convolvulus lineatus L., Scabiosa rotata M.Bieb Greuter & Burdet, Delphinium semibarbatum Bien. Ex Boiss., Glycyrrhiza triphylla Fisch. & C.A.Mey., and Ziziphus jujuba Mill., against two Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, as well as two Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli; and Candida albicans as a fungal strain, were evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) values of the extracts against tested microorganisms were reported and we investigated their effect on the biofilm inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Staphylococcus epidermis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. In addition, the effect of the extracts on the eradication of the biofilms of these bacteria was evaluated.ResultsIn this study, H. scabrum was found to exhibit potentially significant activity against Gram-positive bacteria with the MIC range of 6.25–25 µg/mL. This extract also showed a significant effect on inhibiting the biofilm of S. aureus, S. mutans, and S. epidermidis and eradicating the biofilm of S. epidermidis DSMZ 3270. In addition, Hymenocrater calycinus root extract had moderate antibacterial activity against B. cereus with the MIC and MBC 62.5 µg/mL, respectively.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that the root extracts of two plants, Hypericum scabrum and Hymenocrater calycinus, had antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects. Based on the observed anti-biofilm effects, these two plants may be considered in future studies to find responsible antimicrobial compounds.

Effect of stachys lavandulifolia on occupational stress in emergency medical technicians.

According to studies, occupational stress is quite prevalent among Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs). On the other hand, it has been shown that Stachys lavandulifolia, also known as the Mountain Tea in Iran, has anxiolytic properties. Considering the current increasing trend of using remedies based on alternative medicine for stress management, the present clinical trial intended to investigate the effect of Stachys lavandulifolia on occupational stress in EMTs METHODS: The present study included 60 EMTs working in Arak, Markazi province, Iran, who were randomly divided into study and control groups. The study group was treated with tea made of Stachys lavandulifolia (2g daily) for 2 months, while the control group was treated with black tea. Moreover, the level of occupational stress in the study participants was assessed using the Hospital Stress Scale (HSS-35) before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 22. According to our results, the mean occupational stress score was significantly decreased in the study group after the intervention (p<0.05). Moreover, the post-intervention scores were significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant change in occupational stress in the control group after the intervention (p>0.05). In combination with other stress-relieving options, the tea made of Stachys lavandulifolia can be used as a complementary therapy for alleviating occupational stress in EMTs.

The anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of Stachys Lavandulifolia in the experimental pentylenetetrazole-induced rat model of acute seizure

Objective: In traditional medicine, Stachys lavandulifolia or mountain tea has been used in the treatment of arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. A leaf extract from this plant is also thought to be effective in treating epilepsy as well as other neurological ailments. To assess the effect of S. lavandulifolia extract (SLE), rats were exposed to a stress and anxiety model caused by seizures. Materials and Methods: A challenge dose of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (60 mg/kg) was used to induce seizures in male Wistar rats (200–250 g). Animal treated with an intraperitoneal injection of either SLE (50 mg/kg) or sodium valproate (100 mg/kg) alone or in combination 30 min before PTZ challenge. The effect of stress and anxiety was assessed using an open field test (OFT), forced swim test (FST), and elevated plus maze (EPM). At the end of the experiment, anesthesia was used to euthanize rats, and their blood serum was collected for measurements of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and GSH peroxidase (GPx). Results: In contrast to the control group, those treated with PTZ exhibited depressive behavior. At 50 mg/kg, SLE provided protection against seizures induced by PTZ. SLE also reduced seizure-induced stress and anxiety, significantly improving FST, EPM, and OFT compared with the PTZ-treated group. By decreasing MDA levels and restoring the antioxidant enzymes GSH and GPx, SLE treatment protects against seizure-induced anxiety and stress. Conclusions: SLE inhibits oxidative stress damage and seizure-induced stress by inhibiting seizures' inhibitory effects.

Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. exhibits promising in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity against Leishmania major infection.

This study aimed to consider the in vitro and in vivo effects of the Stachys lavandulifolia methanolic extract (SLME) (2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 µg/mL) against Leishmania major infection. The in vitro antileishmanial effects of SLME was studies on promastigote and amastigote forms of L. major. The effect of SLME on the nitric oxide (NO) and apoptosis, secretion of Th1/2 cytokines, and infectivity rate in macrophages cells were also studies. The cytotoxicity of SLME on human (THP-1) and murine (J774-A1 cell) macrophage cells was investigated through the measuring the 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC50). Moreover, the in vivo effects of SLME for healing the cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions in infected BALB/c mice studied by assessing the lesions size and the parasite load during four weeks of treatment. The calculated 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) valuesfor SLME and meglumine antimoniate (MA) against the promastigote stage were 23.4 and 71.1 µg/mL, respectively. For amastigote stage, the IC50 values for SLME and MA were 39.3 µg/mL and 44.3 µg/mL, respectively. Followed by 28 days' topically therapy with SLME at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, the CL lesions size as well as parasite load were significantly (p<0.001) reduced; such that the recovery percentage of the infected mice was 80% and 97% after treatment with SLME at the dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. SLME also markedly induced the NO production and apoptosis; whereas decreased infection rate in macrophage cells. After incubation of infected macrophages with SLME, the level interferon gamma was meaningfully (p<0.001) elevated as a dose-dependent response; in contrast, release of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and IL-4 markedly (p<0.001) decreased. The CC50 value for SLME against THP-1 and J774-A1 cell was 996.4 µg/mL and 741.3 µg/mL, respectively. The calculated selectivity index of >10 for SLME and MA confirmed their specificity to amastigotes and the low toxicity for macrophages. Our results showed the potent effects of SLME in eliminating and controlling Leishmania parasites in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Based on the current experimental study, SLME can be suggested as an alternative medicine for the isolation and production of a new agent for treating CL caused by L. major. Although, we found some cellular mechanisms of SLME against Leishmania parasites, but, additional surveys are necessary to specify the accurate mechanisms of action, toxicity, and its efficacy mainly in human subjects.

Flavonoids and essential oil composition of Stachys lavandulifolia, Teucrium polium, Thymus daenensis and Ziziphora clinopodioides

Iran has different environmental conditions due to its specific geographical location. Therefore, exploring essential oil and flavonoid components among medicinal plants in different areas may result in discoveries about valuable bioactive compounds. The present investigation aimed to study flavonoids profile and essential oils composition of four Lamiaceae species i.e., Stachys lavandulifolia, Teucrium polium, Thymus daenensis and Ziziphora clinopodioides from Oshtorankoh located on Zagros Mountains, Iran. A chemical study using two dimentional paper chromatography (2-DPC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) showed that the four studied species contained flavone C and C-/O glucosides and flavonoid sulphates. The present study revealed that T. polium had high levels of many flavonoids such as apigenin, genistein, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, and vitexin compared to the other studied plants. The results of GC/MS analysis showed that S. lavandulifolia was rich in ?-pinene (21.16 %) and 1,8-cineol (16.95 %), T. polium in ?-pinene (12.21 %) and sabinene (9.55 %), T. daenensis in ?-Terpinene (36.98 %) and p-Cymene (26.87 %), and Z. clinopodioides in piperitone (16.84 %) and 1,8-cineol (16.11 %) components.

Effects of four herbs as a dietary on properties of egg and immune response against Newcastle and avian influenza vaccine in Japanese laying quail.

This study shows the effectiveness of diet containing Trachyspermum copticum (TC), Majorana hortensis Minch (MH), Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl (SL), and Zingiber officinale (ZO) on the growth performance, biochemical factors, and qualitative agents of eggs of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and their immune responses against Newcastle and Avian Influenza vaccine. For this prepose, 675 quails were divided into 9 groups with three replicates and fed with different treatment diets (basic diet with no supplements (control treatment diet) and diets supplemented with one of two levels (0.5 and 2%) of each plant powders). Data showed that the use of TC 2% increased the Haugh unit significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the control (P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, shell weight (g) and shell thickness were also remarkably enhanced in treated groups compared with the control group. Moreover, the findings of this study showed the thiobarbituric acid and yolk cholesterol level reduced remarkably (P < 0.05) in the MH and SL groups without significant adverse effect on albumen protein (%) and total protein (%) level. In this study, TC-2%, ZO-2%, and SL-2% all increased the antibody titers against avian influenza. The use of a diet containing MH-2% increased Newcastle disease in Japanese quail in comparison to both controls and different levels of other medicinal herb powders. Based on these results, using these four herbal plant powders in Japanese quail, diets could positively affect their egg qualitative and biochemical factors.

Investigation of Morphophysiological Diversity of Different Populations of Stachys Lavandulifolia Based on Multivariate Statistical Methods

Investigation of Morphophysiological Diversity of Different Populations of Stachys Lavandulifolia Based on Multivariate Statistical Methods

Biosynthesis of CuO nanoparticles using aqueous extract of herbal tea (Stachys Lavandulifolia) flowers and evaluation of its catalytic activity

Plant derived biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles (NP) has been the recent trend in material science as featured sustainable catalysts. A great deal of the current nanocatalytic research has been oriented on the bio-inspired green catalysts based on their wide applicability. In this context, CuO NPs are synthesized following a green approach using an herbal tea (Stachys Lavandulifolia) flower extract. The phytochemicals contained in it were used asthe internal reductant without applying harsh chemicals or strong heat. The derived nanoparticles also got stabilized by the biomolecular capping. The as-synthesized CuO NPs was characterized over FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS, TEM, XRD, TGA and UV–Vis spectroscopy. These NPs were exploited as a competent catalyst in the aryl and heteroaryl C–heteroatom (N, O, S) cross coupling reactions affording outstanding yields. The nanocatalyst was isolated and recycled in 8 consecutive runs with reproducible catalytic activity. Rigidity of the CuO/S. Lavandulifolia nanocomposite was further justified by leaching test and heterogeneity test.

Is it safe to consume traditional medicinal plants during pregnancy?

The popularity of natural medicine is growing worldwide. Unlike conventional licensed medicines, herbal medicine practices are usually not supported by effectiveness, efficacy, or safety studies, which raise concerns about potential risks involved in their usage, particularly in high-risk patients such as pregnant women where teratogenicity is a concern. Despite a lack of science-based evidence, the use of herbal products for the management of pregnancy-associated challenges is common, due to the common notion that they are free of toxic effects and adverse reactions because they are "natural." The lack of concern about utilizing herbal remedies during pregnancy is strengthened by the lack of regulation in most countries for their marketing. However, plant-based remedies are not free of adverse reactions. Medicinal plants and herbal remedies contain substances that can be toxic to the human body and the fetus. Potential effects of indiscriminate use of medicinal plants are embryotoxicity, teratogenic, and abortifacient effects. Some plant constituents can cross the placenta and reach the fetus. Phytochemicals and their metabolites are known to induce stimulation of uterine contraction and hormone imbalance that could result in abortion. The alterations to the hormonal profile can affect conception, induce teratogenic activity, and halt the pregnancy or produce a congenital malformation. Due to the wide range of modes of action of phytochemicals, some medicinal plants may be safe to use during certain trimesters of pregnancy and harmful at other stages. This manuscript reviews available scientific information concerning potential health hazards associated with the consumption of herbal medicines during pregnancy, highlighting those herbs that should be avoided due to their potential abortifacient and/or teratogenic activity. We focused on plants that were tested by preclinical studies, and studies of these plants are summarized. Common therapeutic use of these herbs, estimated effects, toxicological effects, and animal studies of these plants is summarized. The literature reviewed suggests that consumption of the following medicinal plants should be avoided during pregnancy: Abrus precatorius, Achyranthes aspera, Ailanthus excelsa, Aloe vera, Aristolochia indica, Areca catechu, Bambusa vulgaris, Cassia occidentalis, Cicer arietinum, Cimicifuga racemose, Dolichandrone falcate, Ginkgo biloba, Hydrastis canadensis, Indigofera trifoliate, Lavandula latifolia, Maytenus ilicifolia, Momordica cymbalaria, Moringa oleifera, Musa rosacea, Oxalis corniculate, Phytolacca dodecandra, Plumeria rubra, Ricinus communis, Ruta graveolens, Stachys lavandulifolia, Senna alata, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Vitus agnus-castus, and Valeriana officinalis.

Effects of diet containing wood betony, Stachys lavandulifolia extract on growth, gut microbiota and intestinal structure of the African cichlid, Sciaenochromis fryeri

Four isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 2, 4 and 8% of wood betony (WB), Stachys lavandulifolia hydroalcoholic extract in a 56-days feeding trial on African cichlid, Sciaenochromis fryeri . The regression analysis of growth performance indices indicated that the best performance parameters including specific growth rate and weight gain were obtained in 3.9% WB in the diet. Total bacterial counts in the fish gut were reduced significantly from 20.50±4.22 (×10 3 Colony-Forming Unit; cfu g -1 ) in the control to 9.30±0.71, 3.60±0.98 and 3.10±0.80 (×10 3 cfu g -1 ) group of fish fed on 2, 4 and 8% WB, respectively ( P <0.05). No significant change was observed in the number of lactic acid bacteria and it was in the range of 0.80-1.30 (×10 3 cfu g -1 ). Evaluation of the mid-intestine morphology of fish fed on the graded levels of WB was done. Although fold and enterocyte heights were significantly increased in the fish fed on WB-enriched food in comparison to the control, the intestine diameters and microvilli lengths were not affected. This study indicated that hydroethanolic extract of WB can be considered as a supplement in fish diet to improve growth and some physiological aspects of the cichlid.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Stachys lavandulifolia flower, and their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial and cutaneous wound‐healing properties

In a biological process where the herbal tea (Stachys lavandulifolia) aqueous extract was applied as a capping and reducing agent, nanoparticles (NPs) of silver (Ag) were synthesized. These AgNPs were characterized using Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The synthesized AgNPs had great cell viability dose‐dependently [investigating the effect of the plant on human umbilical vein endothelial cell line] and indicated this method was non‐toxic. In this study, the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging test was carried out to examine antioxidant properties, which revealed similar antioxidant properties for AgNPs and butylated hydroxytoluene. Agar diffusion tests were applied to determine the antibacterial characteristics. The macro‐broth tube test was run to determine minimum inhibitory concentration. All data of antibacterial and cutaneous wound‐healing examinations were analyzed by SPSS 21 software (Duncan post hoc test). AgNPs showed higher antibacterial property than all standard antibiotics (p ≤ 0.01). Also, AgNPs prevented the growth of all bacteria at 2–8 mg/ml concentrations and destroyed them at 2–16 mg/ml concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). For the in vivo experiment, after creating the cutaneous wound, the rats were randomly divided into six groups: untreated control; treatment with Eucerin basal ointment; treatment with 3% tetracycline ointment; treatment with 0.2% AgNO3 ointment; treatment with 0.2% S. lavandulifolia ointment; and treatment with 0.2% AgNPs ointment. These groups were treated for 10 days. For histopathological and biochemical analysis of the healing trend, a 3 × 3‐cm section was prepared from all dermal thicknesses at day 10. Use of AgNPs ointment in the treatment groups substantially reduced (p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, macrophage and lymphocyte, and remarkably raised (p ≤ 0.01) the wound contracture, hydroxyl proline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate compared with other groups. Seemingly, AgNPs can be used as a medical supplement owing to their non‐cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial and cutaneous wound‐healing properties.

An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants With Antianxiety and Antidepressant Effects in Shahrekord

Anxiety and depression are two highly prevalent disorders in all human communities. The purpose of the present study was to report medicinal plant species that local people, according to their ethnobotanical knowledge, in Shahrekord use as antianxiety and antidepressant agents. The present ethnobotanical study was carried out to report and collect indigenous knowledge in the studied region in 2017 via face-to-face interviews and by using a questionnaire distributed among 29 traditional therapists. To this end, interviewers referred to respondents in person to elicit their pharmacological and ethnobotanical knowledge, and then register their viewpoints related to herbal medicine. The data extracted from the questionnaires were appropriately and meticulously tabulated, and data analysis was done by the Excel software. In this study, the formula below was used to calculate the frequency of plant use. Medicinal plants that are used as antianxiety and antidepressant drugs according to the ethnobotanical knowledge in Shahrekord include Fritillaria imperialis L., Ducrosia anethifolia L., Anchusa italyca Retz. (L.) DC., Dracocephalum multicaule, Stachys lavandulifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Tripleurospermum parviflorum L., Crataegus persica, Hypericum scabrum L., Valeriana officinalis, Centaurea cyanus, Rheum ribes L. and Melissa officinalis L are the most herbal plants effective on anxiety and depression on shahrekord ethno-botany.

Determination of nutritive value and analysis of mineral elements for wild edible Stachys lavandulifolia vahl. var. lavandulifolia growing in eastern Anatolia

The genus Stachys (Lamiaceae) is represented by about 300 species found in the world. Turkey is one of the richest countries in Stachys diversity being represented by 83 species with a level of 48% endemism. In this study, Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. was collected from Alacabük mountain of Tatvan in Eastern Anatolia. S. lavandulifolia Vahl. subsp. lavandulifolia, known as “dağ çayı, tüylü çay”, is widely consumed in Anatolia as herbal tea. Stachys species belong to one of the oldest medicinal plants that are used both for pharmaceutical purposes and in folk medicine; It is used for the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders, and is known as an appetizer, carminative, stimulant, digestive, diuretic, and throat pain reliever. Wild plants gathered from nature are cheaper food and important for human health. Thus, in the present study, nutritional value and mineral composition of used parts of selected S. lavandulifolia Vahl. var. lavandulifolia was investigated.In laboratory analysis, total ash, % N, crude protein, crude fiber and pH were examined as nutritional value. Useful minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S and Zn) and some heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr and Pb) that are hazardous elements for livings were also determined. The total ash, total nitrogen and crude protein, pH and crude fiber content of the plants were identified as 7.00%, 1.31%, 8.03%, 6.53% and 38.40%, and respectively. Mineral analysis showed that the wild plants samples contained considerably high amounts of potassium (17.46g/kg), phosphorus (4.70g/kg), calcium (17.25g/kg), magnesium (2.47g/kg), iron (241.37mg/kg), manganese (22.95mg/kg) and zinc (18.56mg/kg). This work contributed to the nutritional properties of some wild plants, and the results may be useful for the evaluation of dietary information.

Which spatial distribution model best predicts the occurrence of dominant species in semi-arid rangeland of northern Iran?

Rangelands with more than 8000 plant species occupy nearly 54.6% of the land area of Iran and thus are accounted for a rich plant genetic storage. Mazandaran province has 378,000 ha of rangelands with high plant species richness and diversity due to its climate conditions but plants distribution is at risk because of non-principle management, land use change and as a result changing environmental factors. Vegetation management strategies can be guided by models that predict plant species distribution based on governing environmental variables. This is especially useful for the dominant species that determine ecosystem processes. In fact, modelling algorithm in each SDM determines its suitability for different ecosystems. Our aim was to compare the predictive power of a number of SDMs and to evaluate the importance of a range of environmental variables as predictors in the context of semi-arid rangeland vegetation. The selected study area, the Sarkhas rangelands (northern Iran, 36°10′ 42˝ N - 51°19′ 11˝ E), covers approximately 4358.9 ha of Mazandaran province. The efficacy of four different modelling techniques as well as Ensemble model was evaluated to predict the distribution of five dominant forage plant species (Vicia villosa, Stachys lavandulifolia, Coronilla balansae, Sanguisorba minor and Alopecurus textilis). The used models included artificial neural network (ANN), boosted regression trees (BRT), classification and regression trees (CART), and random forest (RF). Ensemble, RF and CART had the highest area under curve. The AUC obtained for Vicia villosa, Stachys lavandulifolia, Coronilla balansae, Sanguisorba minor and Alopecurus textilis, were 0.90, 0.72, 0.76, 0.69 and 0.75 respectively. Ensemble model was the model that most consistently demonstrated high predictive power across species in the rangeland context investigated here. BRT exhibited the least predictive power. An importance analysis of variables showed that soil organic C according to the CART model (0.396) and K according to the RF model (0.396) were the most important environmental variables.

Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol over Ag nanoparticles immobilized on Stachys lavandulifolia extract-modified multi walled carbon nanotubes

In current research, a new green process for modifying multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using extract of Stachys lavandulifolia as both stabilizer/capper and reductant agent was reported. The adsorbed biopolymers of S. lavandulifolia extract on the surface of CNTs can cause more in situ reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles and stabilize them. The physicochemical and structure features of the synthesized nanohybrid were studied in detail using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDX), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The achieved outcomes indicated the uniform distribution of Ag nanoparticles on the modified CNTs surface. The resultant MWCNTs@S. lavandulifolia/Ag nanocatalyst shows a superior catalytic behavior towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol at ambient temperature with a great rate constant. The increased catalytic performance found with synthesized nanocatalyst is attributed to the CNTs surface coated with biopolymers of S. lavandulifolia extract which stabilizes and attracts the aryl nitro substrates adjacent to the catalytic places which in turn facilitates reducing nitro groups. The catalyst can be retained and reapplied seven times with no decrease in its catalytic performance.

Antiglycation and antioxidant activity of four Iranian medical plant extracts.

ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder that defined by chronic hyperglycemia for the deficiency in insulin secretion or resistance. Hyperglycemia could induce non-enzymatic glycation of proteins. It has been suggested that some traditional plants can improve blood glucose and inhibit glycation process. This work evaluates and compares the anti-glycation activities of four Iranian plant extracts in vitro.MethodsThe methanolic extract of “Fumaria officinalis, Stachys lavandulifolia, Salvia hydrangea and Rosa Damascene” was prepared in three different concentrations. Phenolic, flavonoids content and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The multistage glycation markers-fructosamines (early stage), protein carbonyls (intermediate stage) and β aggregation of albumin were investigated in the bovine serum albumin (BSA)/ glucose systemt.ResultsAll plants showed the high potency of scavenging free radicals and glycation inhibition in the following order: Fumaria officinalis> Rosa Damascene> Stachys lavandulifolia > Salvia hydrangea. There was a significant correlation between antioxidant and anti-glycation activity. Also, the antioxidant and anti-glycation capacity of extracts correlated with total phenolic and flavonoids content.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that the studied plants are good sources of anti-glycation and antioxidant compounds and, these properties can primarily attributable to phenolics, particularly flavonoids.

In situ green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on herbal tea extract (Stachys lavandulifolia)-modified magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as antibacterial agent and their 4-nitrophenol catalytic reduction activity

For first time, we designed an environment friendly technique novel hybrid magnetic nanocomposite with the potency of both reducing and stabilizing agent for immobilization of metal nanoparticles. Stachys lavandulifolia extract having a lot of carbonyl and phenolic hydroxyl functional groups can be applied in the Fe3O4 NPs modification. Furthermore, in aqueous solution, the complexation feasibility of polyphenols with silver ions can enhance the capacity and surface properties of the Fe3O4@S. lavandulifolia NPs for sorbent and in situ reduction of silver ions. So, as both the stabilizing and reducing agent, the novel magnetic nano-sorbent (Fe3O4@S. lavandulifolia NPs) has potential ability for silver nano particles immobilization to create a novel magnetic silver nanocatalyst. So that, no additional reductants, toxic reagents and intricate instruments are needed to prepare the catalyst. The morphology, structure, and physicochemical properties were elucidated by several analytical methods like, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FT-IR spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). As recyclable nanocatalyst, Fe3O4@S. lavandulifolia/Ag indicated high catalytic activity for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction at ambient temperature. Ultimately, the Fe3O4@S. lavandulifolia/Ag antibacterial properties was examined against two bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli)) and indicated its antibacterial activities against gram negative (E. coli) bacteria and gram positive (Staph. aureus).

Green synthesis of Au nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of Stachys lavandulifolia and their catalytic performance for alkyne/aldehyde/amine A3 coupling reactions.

High reaction rate and easy availability make green synthesis of metal nanoparticles noticeable. In the present study, gold nanoparticles with wide applications in different fields were synthesized by an ecofriendly method at room temperature using Stachys lavandulifolia extract as the reducing agent. Properties of the synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNP) were identified by different analytical techniques including: UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy verified presence of Au NPs in the solution while functional groups of its extract and synthesized Au NPs were determined by FT-IR. Its crystalline analysis with a fcc plane was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) determined elements in the sample. Surface morphology, diverse shapes and sizes of the Au NPs were shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Beginning and end destruction temperatures of the Au/S. lavandulifolia NPs were determined by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The Au nanoparticles were capped with extracts, preventing them from oxidation and agglomeration and were used as an efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for a three-component reaction of amines, aldehydes, and alkynes (A3 coupling). A diverse range of propargylamines were obtained in good yields. Furthermore, the separation and recycling of Au/S. lavandulifolia NPs was very simple, effective, and economical.

The Effects of Hydro- alcoholic Extract of Stachys Lavandulifolia Vahl on the Hormonal Pituitary-Gonad Axis and Testis Tissue Changes in Adult Male Rat

The Effects of Hydro- alcoholic Extract of Stachys Lavandulifolia Vahl on the Hormonal Pituitary-Gonad Axis and Testis Tissue Changes in Adult Male Rat

Stachys lavandulifolia and Lathyrus sp. Mediated for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation Its Antifungal Activity Against Dothiorella sarmentorum

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using Stachys lavandulifolia and Lathyrus sp. The first sign of the reduction of silver ions to AgNPs was the change in color of S. lavandulifolia and Lathyrus sp. extracts changed into dark brown and auburn after treating with silver nitrate, respectively. The UV–Vis spectroscopy of reaction mixture (extract+silver nitrate) produced by S. lavandulifolia and Lathyrus sp. showed the strong adsorption peaks at ≃440 and 420 nm, respectively. The transmission electron microscope images showed the synthesis of AgNPs using S. lavandulifolia and Lathyrus sp. with an average size of 7 and 11 nm, respectively. The result of X-ray diffraction pattern showed four diffraction peaks at 38°, 44°, 64°, and 77° for both types of biosynthesized AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the possible role of involved proteins and polyhydroxyl functional groups in the synthesis process of AgNPs. Inductively coupled plasma analysis determined the conversion rate (percentage) of silver ions to silver nanoparticles in reaction mixtures of S. lavandulifolia and Lathyrus sp. 99.73 and 99.67 %, respectively. In addition, antifungal effect of AgNPs, synthesized by both extracts, was studied separately on mycelial growth of Dothiorella sarmentorum, in a completely randomized design on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The inhibition rate of mycelial growth was strongly depended on the density of AgNPs and it strongly increased with increasing the density of AgNPs in the PDA medium. AgNPs more than 90 % of them inhibited from the mycelia growth of the fungus at the concentration of 40 µg/mL and higher.