Abstract
Plant derived biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles (NP) has been the recent trend in material science as featured sustainable catalysts. A great deal of the current nanocatalytic research has been oriented on the bio-inspired green catalysts based on their wide applicability. In this context, CuO NPs are synthesized following a green approach using an herbal tea (Stachys Lavandulifolia) flower extract. The phytochemicals contained in it were used asthe internal reductant without applying harsh chemicals or strong heat. The derived nanoparticles also got stabilized by the biomolecular capping. The as-synthesized CuO NPs was characterized over FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS, TEM, XRD, TGA and UV–Vis spectroscopy. These NPs were exploited as a competent catalyst in the aryl and heteroaryl C–heteroatom (N, O, S) cross coupling reactions affording outstanding yields. The nanocatalyst was isolated and recycled in 8 consecutive runs with reproducible catalytic activity. Rigidity of the CuO/S. Lavandulifolia nanocomposite was further justified by leaching test and heterogeneity test.
Highlights
In the last few years designing of nanoparticles with tunable morphology with controlled shape, dimension and orderedness has been a significant area of concern in material science
The primary phytochemical screening of the extract showed the existence of flavonoinds, triterpenoids, steroids, cardenolides, and alkaloids. These phytochemicals play as the reducing agent to convert Cu2+ ions to Cu NPs and simultaneously act as effective capping agent to prevent the NPs agglomerations
After 100 min, the reaction was ended with the formation of CuO NPs, which was confirmed by the characteristic surface plasmon absorbance at 400 nm
Summary
In the last few years designing of nanoparticles with tunable morphology with controlled shape, dimension and orderedness has been a significant area of concern in material science. In promotion of NOSE chemistry, we report a green and expedient protocol for the C–heteroatom (N, O, and S) cross coupling catalyzed over biogenic CuO NP (Scheme 1)46. Our protocol is free from the toxic reducing agents and external stabilizers, involves low cost green procedure for the biogenesis of CuO NPs and the material being used in the efficient, ligand free synthesis of C–N/O/S coupled products at short reaction time, making the overall procedure industrially and sustainably viable.
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