Stability Of Variety Research Articles

Genotype x environment interaction and stability in promising elite clones of yield potentiality in respect to cane and sugar yield

The present investigation was carried out to determine the relative performance of yield potential, stability and adaptability of promising sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) varieties and identify promising once. Seven varieties were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications during spring season of 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19 & 2019-20 at Agricultural Research station, Ummedganj, Kota. The pooled analysis of variance showed highly significant (p < 0.01) differences for genotypes (G), environments (E) and G x E interaction. The mean cane & sugar yield (t/ha.), regression coefficient (bi) and deviation from regression (S2d) used to identify the stability and adaptability of popular varieties. Based on stability parameters and over all mean performance of cane & sugar yield, variety Co 0238 has high mean for both cane yield and sugar yield (83.05, 10.17) with bi =1.0 and non-significant s2d = 0, indicated that this varieties found better responsive to all the environments and were considered as stable varieties. Whereas the genotype Co 05009 produced high mean yield (79.64, 9.72), bi >1 with non significant s2d, indicated below average stability, such genotypes tend to respond favorably to better environments but give poor yield in unfavourable environments. Hence, these genotypes were suitable for favorable environments. Variety CoS 8436 having low mean ((73.83, 8.70) for cane & sugar yield, bi < 1 with non significant s2d value, indicated that genotype suitable for poor environment.

Evaluation of Orange Flesh Sweet Potato Varieties (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Ipomoea batatas&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) in West Hararghe Zone of Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia

Sweet potato is an important food security root crop in west Hararghe. it is mainly important for pregnant women and children particularly the Orange fleshed type, which produces storage-carotene, roots precursor of rich in Vitamin A. Therefore, Orange fleshed sweet potato is a promising variety to address the Vitamin A deficiency needs of women and children and to prevent malnutrition in study areas. This experiment was undertaken at Daro labu and Habro districts during 2016-2017 cropping season. The objective of the research was to identify high yielding, adaptable and disease tolerant variety to the study area. A total of three improved Orange fleshed sweet potato varieties; Beletech, Kulfo, Tulla and one local check were used as experimental materials. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) among the varieties for growth, yield and yield related trait. The highest mean value of marketable root yield was recorded from Kulfo variety with (15.2 ton ha-1) and 0.55 ton yield advantage than a local check. During the experimental period, there was low rainfall distribution in west Hararghe, particularly in the study site. Within the existing moisture stress, Kulfo variety was performed well and gave higher root yielder than improved and local check at both locations. In addition to this, the stability analysis result shows that variety Kulfo was the most stable variety across the two sites. Likewise, the yield and yield contributing parameters and stability analysis over location are important selection parameters which can serve as indicators of adaptability of the sweet potato to the study area and can also be utilized for improving in root yield of sweet potato. Therefore, Kulfo variety was selected as high yield in, adaptable and stress tolerant variety under the rainfed condition at Daro labu and Habro districts of West Hararghe.

Reduction of a boundary value problem for a system of diffusion-reaction equations to problem for a finite interval

The boundary value problem on a semi-infinite interval for a system of ordinary differential equations of the diffusion-reaction type is considered. To apply a difference scheme for the numerical solution of such a problem, it is necessary to reduce it to a problem for a finite interval. For this perpose we offer to use well-known method of construction of the stable variety of solutions that satisfy the limit condition at infinity. The estimates of the error arising when the problem is reduced to a finite interval are obtained.

Performance evaluation of released bread wheat varieties at mid altitude areas of Southern Ethiopia

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal occupying a protruding position among major food crops in the world in terms of acreage and production and is an important cereal crop which is receives the most attention of specialists in plant breeding and production in the world wide in general and in Ethiopia in particular. And also a number of improved bread wheat varieties have been released by different research centres for different agro-ecology in Ethiopia. Evaluate the performance of different bread wheat varieties at diverse agro-ecology is an important for effective selection of the variety. This experiment was conducted on ten bread wheat varieties against local check (Digalu) at Meskan and Dalocha wereda with the objective of identify and recommend high performance in terms of yield, insect pest tolerant, and stable varieties. The varieties were assigned in randomized complete block design with four replication. Data were collected on six major agronomic traits. Based on the mean separation, the highest average grain yield was recorded from Hidasse and Ogolcho varieties with 5210 and 5080 kg/ha respectively. However the lowest average yield (3220kg/ha) was recorded from Digalu variety. In both locations Digalu variety provided the lowest yield due to high susceptibility for stem rust. Statistically, the variety Hidasse gave the highest number of tillers per plant and the tallest spikes length at both locations those are positive contributions to grain yield. There were significantly positive and negative correlations between traits. In this study, it is found that there is 38.19% increment of yield for using Hidasse variety (high yielder) as compared to Digalu variety (low yielder) at the study area. Therefore, farmers located at the study areas are recommended to use Hidasse variety to increase bread wheat yield.

English

Undertaking a multi-environment trial prior to releasing a high yielding and stable varieties for a specific environment is a major step in plant breeding. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the effect of Genotype × Environment Interaction (GEI) and evaluate the adaptability and stability of sixteen large white common bean genotypes. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype main effect and genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot models were used. The experimental design was 4 × 4 triple lattice across environments. AMMI analysis of variance showed environments that explained the greater proportion (72.42%) of the total variation, followed by GEI (10.75%) and genotype (2.32%). This indicates the possibility of selecting stable genotypes. AMMI biplot analysis revealed that the first and second interaction axes captured 42.62 and 26.77% of the total variation due to GEI. GGE model showed that the nine environments used for the study belonged to two mega-environments. AMMI stability value (ASV), AMMI and GGE biplot identified one common genotype, G14 (SAA 2) that was the overall best in performance in relation to yield and stability. This suggests that for reliability and optimum result it is better to combine the result of two or more analytical tools for yield and stability in recommendation genotype for verification and release. Key words: Biplot, genotype × environment interaction (GEI), grain yield, stability, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), AMMI stability value (ASV).

A study of an operative outcome of a basitrochanteric fractures of the hip treated by dynamic hip screw and enders nail with percutaneous canulated cancellous screw

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Basicervical or cervicotrochanteric fracture of the femur is considered stable variety of fracture pattern. Most common incidence is seen in elderly patient and in young patient with probably high energy trauma. Appropriate Osteosynthesis confers excellent outcome when reduction is optimally achieved.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; 86 basitrochanteric fractures had been treated with enders nail or dynamic hip screw (DHS) at our institute by a single surgeon. Implant selection was done purely based on plain radiograph, associated co-morbidities and fracture geometry. Patients had been followed up at 1 month, 3 month and 6 month.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; In our study there were 86 patients out of which 63 patients (73.25%) were treated with enders nail and 23 patients (26.74%) were treated with DHS. Mean age of patients was 57 years. We noted minimum follow up of 8 months while maximum follow up of 4.5 years where as mean follow up duration is 18 months. We almost noted excellent to fair results in both groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Most of the implants in basitrochanteric fractures worked on control collapse principle. Both DHS and enders nail with percutaneous cc screw follow this principle and when used with a proper technique, optimal reduction usually fetch the favourable outcomes with minimalistic approach.&lt;/p&gt;

Оценка питомника экологического испытания Удмуртского НИИСХ Удм. ФИЦ УрО РАН

The results of studies of the best samples in the breeding nursery of the environmental test of 2018 are presented. Samples were obtained in the process of selection for a complex of biological and economically valuable traits that meet the conditions of the Udmurt Republic. The purpose of the research in 2018 is to create promising varieties of potatoes according to a complex of biological and economically valuable traits. Research conducted according to methods: Research methodology for potato culture, Methodological guidelines for technology of potato breeding. In the framework of agreements on joint scientific activity, hybrid combinations (single-tuber) were selected, bred by leading institutes of potato growing: All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Potato Economy. Lorch, Falensky selection station, Ural Agricultural Research Institute. According to the results of 2018 studies in field breeding nurseries, including hybrid single-tuber combinations (42 combinations, 2453 tubers), 15 lines, 35 hybrids, 64 numbers, 13 promising numbers and 3 varieties of potatoes were studied. In the ecological experiment nursery, there were 16 numbers on the study, including the number 13–06–7 — the Tyuragai variety and 10–06–2 — the Zarni variety of the joint selection of the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture and the Falensky selection station (2016), 0–8–38 — a new variety Parus of joint selection of the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture and the Ural Research Institute of Agriculture (2018). Promising samples showed a yield of 34.9–38.7 t/ha, Tyuragai varieties (13–06–7) with a potato tuber yield of 35.8 t/ha and Zarni (10–06–2) with a potato tuber yield of 40.5 t/ha confirmed their suitability for cultivation in the region’s climatic conditions. The new Variety Parus (0–8–38) with a yield of 38.1 t/ha has established itself as a stable variety with high yields.

Analysis of kinematic dexterity and stiffness performance based on Spring’s wire-driven 4-SPS/U rigid‒flexible parallel trunk joint mechanism

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a two-degrees-of-freedom wire-driven 4SPS/U rigid‒flexible parallel trunk joint mechanism based on spring, in order to improve the robot’s athletic ability, load capacity and rigidity, and to ensure the coordination of multi-modal motion. Design/methodology/approach First, based on the rotation transformation matrix and closed-loop constraint equation of the parallel trunk joint mechanism, the mathematical model of its inverse position solution is constructed. Then, the Jacobian matrix of velocity and acceleration is derived by time derivative method. On this basis, the stiffness matrix of the parallel trunk joint mechanism is derived on the basis of the principle of virtual work and combined with the deformation effect of the rope driving pair and the spring elastic restraint pair. Then, the eigenvalue distribution of the stiffness matrix and the global stiffness performance index are used as the stiffness evaluation index of the mechanism. In addition, the performance index of athletic dexterity is analyzed. Finally, the distribution map of kinematic dexterity and stiffness is drawn in the workspace by numerical simulation, and the influence of the introduced spring on the stiffness distribution of the parallel trunk joint mechanism is compared and analyzed. It is concluded that the stiffness in the specific direction of the parallel trunk joint mechanism can be improved, and the stiffness distribution can be improved by adjusting the spring elastic structure parameters of the rope-driven branch chain. Findings Studies have shown that the wire-driven 4SPS/U rigid‒flexible parallel trunk joint mechanism based on spring has a great kinematic dexterity, load-carrying capacity and stiffness performance. Research limitations/implications The soft-mixed structure is not mature, and there are few new materials for the soft-mixed mixture; the rope and the rigid structure are driven together with a large amount of friction and hindrance factors, etc. Practical implications It ensures that the multi-motion mode hexapod mobile robot can meet the requirement of sufficient different stiffness for different motion postures through the parallel trunk joint mechanism, and it ensures that the multi-motion mode hexapod mobile robot in multi-motion mode can meet the performance requirement of global stiffness change at different pose points of different motion postures through the parallel trunk joint mechanism. Social implications The trunk structure is a very critical mechanism for animals. Animals in the movement to achieve smooth climbing, overturning and other different postures, such as centipede, starfish, giant salamander and other multi-legged animals, not only rely on the unique leg mechanism, but also must have a unique trunk joint mechanism. Based on the cooperation of these two mechanisms, the animal can achieve a stable, flexible and flexible variety of motion characteristics. Therefore, the trunk joint mechanism has an important significance for the coordinated movement of the whole body of the multi-sport mode mobile robot (Huang Hu-lin, 2016). Originality/value In this paper, based on the idea of combining rigid parallel mechanism with wire-driven mechanism, a trunk mechanism is designed, which is composed of four spring-based wire-driven 4SPS/U rigid‒flexible parallel trunk joint mechanism in series. Its spring-based wire-driven 4SPS/U rigid‒flexible parallel trunk joint mechanism can make the multi-motion mode mobile robot have better load capacity, mobility and stiffness performance (Qi-zhi et al., 2018; Cong-hao et al., 2018), thus improving the environmental adaptability and reliability of the multi-motion mode mobile robot.

Assessment of Varieties of Spring Barley of Selection of Omsk Agrarian Research Center for Adaptivity of Mass of 1000 Grains

Considering climatic factors and production demands, selection for increased productivity and adaptability to local climatic factors is currently relevant. To create new varieties of barley with the listed factors, a promising source material with improved adaptive qualities is required. One of the leading structural elements that determine the productivity of a variety is the mass of 1000 grains. Objective: to assess the adaptability of spring barley varieties from the selection of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center in terms of the mass of 1000 grains. The object of research was 11 varieties of spring barley breeding Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center. Based on this indicator, the following adaptability parameters were calculated: the indicator of the size of the grain size, the coefficient of variation, the coefficient and ecovalent of ecological plasticity, the relative stability of the trait and homeostaticity. The final assessment was carried out according to the sum of ranks obtained by each applied method, given that rank 1 is higher. The average weight of 1000 grains of barley varieties, breeding of the Omsk ANC, was 45.7 g in membranous and 40.9 g in huskless. According to the results of adaptability studies, stable varieties were identified that are poorly responsive to changes in cultivation conditions and better adapted to medium and low levels of agriculture: Omsky 95, Gift of Siberia and Omsk huskless 2 (the sum of ranks ranged from 22.0 to 29.0). Varieties Sibirsky Avant-garde, Sasha, Omsky 91, Omskyhuskless 1 and Omsky 90 (sum of ranks from 38.0 to 51.0) are classified as plastic ones – the change in grain size of these varieties is fully consistent with the change in growing conditions. Strong responsiveness to changing conditions was found in varieties Omsky 96, Omsky 100 and Omsky 99 (the sum of ranks varies from 59.0 to 63.0) – these varieties belong to the intensive group, which means less adaptability to adverse conditions.

Biodiversity of Pests in Grain Agrocenosis in Kabardino-Balkaria

The article studies the issues of resistance of winter wheat varieties selected by the State Center of grain n.a. P.P. Lukyanenko and the Institute of Agriculture of the KBRC of the RAS to pests. The studies were conducted in the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria in the conditions of insufficient moisture in 2017-2018. Main diseases of winter wheat were identified, a valuable source material resistant to the main pathogens was isolated, and dominant diseases were established. The most adaptive, highly productive varieties of winter wheat were identified. The most ecologically plastic and stable varieties of winter wheat which can be used as donors were identified. Phytosanitary monitoring of the cotton moth was carried out in corn areas; phytophagous plants and the damage share were determined; progressive diseases were assessed; the species composition and frequency of pathogens were identified in grain areas.

CROP YIELD AND CONCENTRATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN THE LEAVES OF THE SPRING WHEAT WHEN THEM SUFFERING FROM SEPTORIA BLIGHT

The authors explore the varieties and perspective breeding lines of the North-East Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution with varying degrees of resistance to Septoria by yield and composition of the pigment complex in the leaves under the conditions of the Kirov region, were studied . Under the conditions of the growing season in 2017, characterized by excessive moisture, the strong development of a fungal infection (the degree of damage to the leaf is 22.0-62.3%) led to a decrease in the overall productivity of plants. The correlation coefficient between the defeat of Septoria and cereal and biological yields took average negative values (r = -0.43 and -0.44). The difference among the average parameters in the groups of moderately stable and susceptible varieties was 0.23 t/ha for grain yield and 0.49 t/ha for aboveground biomass. From the exit phase into the tube to heading an increase in the content of chlorophilic pigments and a decrease in the content of carotenoids per unit d ry mass of the leaf were observed in all varieties. However, in the group of susceptible varieties, the increase in chlorophyll a + b was less significant, and the content of carotenoids decreased more dramatically. In 2018, with a lower infectious load (the degree of damage was 9.5-47.0%), there were no significant differences in yield and the number of chlorophylls a and b in varieties of different resistance groups. In most cases, the content of chlorophylls a + b and carotenoids decreased by the flowering phase. C-64 and C-65 selection lines, tolerant to septoria, maintained a consistently high level of pigments. The correlation analysis reflects that the content of photosynthetic pigments in the exit phase into the tube was reliably associated with the development of the vegetative mass of plants, and with grain yield it happened in the flowering phase. No significant connection between the defeat of Septoria and the number of chlorophylls a and b in the flowering phase was found, but there was a decrease in the percentage of carotenoids in the total amount of pigments, depending on the extent of injury.

Evaluation of outcome of primary cemented hemiarthroplasty for intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly

Introduction: Appropriate treatment method for osteoporotic trochanteric fracture in elderly people is rather controversial because of the poor quality of bone mass, difficult anatomical reduction and accompanying systemic disorders. Internal fixation in these cases usually involves prolonged bed rest, limited ambulation and implant failure secondary to osteoporosis. This might result in higher chances of complications like pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia, and decubitus ulcer. The purpose of this study is to analyse the role of primary cemented hemiarthroplasty in cases of osteoporotic intertrochanteric femur fractures in elderly patients with co-morbities. Materials and Methods: In this study, 120 cases of primary cemented hemiarthroplasty performed for osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures were analysed retrospectively. There were 85 female and 35 male. Mean age of the patients were 65.2 years (range, 60-85 years). Harris hip score (HHS) was used to assess the outcome. Result: The mean Harris hip score at the two-year follow-up was 83.10 ± 10.90. A total of 25 patients were graded as excellent, 60 patients as good, 30 as fair and 5 as poor. It was observed that, patients with stable variety of intertrochanteric fractures had better outcome than the unstable variety in our study. Conclusion: Hemiarthroplasty for osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly patient results in early ambulation and good functional results, although further prospective randomised trials are required before reaching to conclusion.

Comparison of Non-parametric Stability Statistics for Selecting Stable and Adapted Soybean Genotypes under Different Environments

The objectives of this study were to investigate the comparison among non-parametric stability statistics and to evaluate seed yield stability of the sixteen soybean genotypes across four locations during the 2016, 2017 and 2018 growing seasons in Egypt. All trials were laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The AMMI analysis showed ahighly significant effect of genotype (G), environment (E) and G x E interaction (GEI). The major contributions to treatment sum of squares were GEI, followed by G and E. The AMMI analysis also partitioned the total GEI component into eleven PCAs and Residual. The first eight PCAs were highly significant and accounted for about 99.56% of the total GEI. Based on the static and dynamic concepts, the results of spearman’s rank correlation and PCA showed that stability measures could be classified into three groups. The non-parametric stability statistics i.e., YSi, KR, TOP, RSM and δgy related to the dynamic concept and strongly correlated with mean seed soybean yield of stability. While, the other non-parametric stability statistics (Si(1) ,Si(2) ,Si(3) and Si(6),NPi(1) ,NPi(2) ,NPi(3) and NPi(4) , δr, MID, LOW) represented the concept of static stability, which were influenced simultaneously by both yield and stability. The non-parametric stability statistics in each the groups I, II, and III were positively and significantly correlated with each other, thus; any of these parameters could be considered as appropriate alternatives for each other. According to cluster analysis, soybean genotypes G6, G4, G8, G11, G9, G1, G7 and G2 were more stable varieties on the basis of mean seed yield and non-parametric stability statistics. In conclusion, both yield and stability should be considered simultaneously to exploit the useful effect of GEI and to make the selection of genotypes more precise and refined. Thus, the YSi, KR, TOP, RSM and δgy were more useful statistics in soybean breeding programmes and could be useful alternatives to parametric stability statistics. According to most non-parametric stability statistics, the genotypes G6 and G11 were more stable coupled with high seed yield; therefore, these genotypes might be used for genetic improvement of soybean and they must be released in studied regions and other regions in Egypt.

THE ESTIMATION OF ADAPTABILITY OF WINTER BARLEY VARIETIES IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

The improvement of yield stability largely depends on responsiveness to favorable growing conditions and resistance to stress factors. The promising varieties should have stable yields, resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, such as winter resistance and drought tolerance. In this regard, a purposeful breeding for adaptability, i.e. resistance to stress factors is of great importance. The purpose of the research was to study the adaptability and stability of winter barley varieties. The estimation was carried out on the experimental field of the FSBSI ARC “Donskoy”, which is located in the southern zone of the Rostov region. Through three years, 28 winter barley varieties of domestic and foreign breeding were studied. The location of the plots is systematic in double sequence; the area is 10 m². The calculation of ecological plasticity was carried out according to the method of S. A. Eberchart, W. A. Rassel (1966) (ed. by V. A. Zykin (2005)) using the statistical data processing program Statistica 10. It has been established that the most responsive varieties (bi &gt; 1) to the improvement of growing conditions were ‘Erema’ (bi = 1.60), ‘Foks 1’ (bi = 1.64), ‘Skala’ (bi = 1.61), ‘Explorer 8’ (bi = 1.81) and ‘Capten’ (bi = 2.02). These varieties due to a high level of agricultural technology provide maximum yields. At an extensive background it is better to use the varieties ‘KWS-2-117’ (bi = 0.28), ‘KWS – 2–234’ (bi = 0.48). The most stable varieties of the studied foreign ones were the varieties ‘Wintwalt’ and ‘Explorer 4’ (σ²d = 0.04). Through the years of study, the variety ‘Marusya’ (RF) had the highest yield with a linear regression coefficient bi = 0.54, which indicates great stability of this variety.

Finding best field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars for breeding in Northern climatic conditions

ABSTRACTThe aim was to select the best field pea varieties for further breeding on the basis of higher productivity and the physiological and genetic basis of plant growth and performance under Northern European environmental conditions. The varieties used in present investigation were: Bruno, Capella, Clara, Eesti Kollane Söödahernes, Hele, Kiir, Kirke, Leili, Looming, Mehis, Rahel, Seko, Zaiga. Results: The highest and most stable average yield for 2015–2016 years was recorded in Hele, Kiir, Kirke, Leili and Zaiga. Considering the environmental constraints in the Northern regions, the best flowering period should be between 10 and 20 days. The best varieties were Capella, Clara, Kirke and Seko which fit into this period. Susceptibility to pod spot was not statistically different in either year. Susceptibility to downy mildew was highest in Leili. Varieties most resistant to lodging were Capella, Clara, Leili and Rahel. Regarding the average protein content for 2015–2016 years the best and more stable varieties were: Looming, Bruno, Eesti kollane söödahernes, Hele, Kiir and Mehis. Conclusion: Yield and phenotype characteristics results indicated that Leili was the most suitable variety for breeding in Northern European conditions.

Discovery of interesting new polymorphisms in a sugar beet (elite times exotic) progeny by comparison with an elite panel

Key messageThe comparison of QTL detection performed on an elite panel and an (elite times exotic) progeny shows that introducing exotic germplasm into breeding programs can bring new interesting allelic diversity.Selection of stable varieties producing the highest amount of extractable sugar per hectare (ha), resistant to diseases, and respecting environmental criteria is undoubtedly the main target for sugar beet breeding. As sodium, potassium, and alpha-amino nitrogen in sugar beets are the impurities that have the biggest negative impact on white sugar extraction, it is interesting to reduce their concentration in further varieties. However, domestication history and strong selection pressures have affected the genetic diversity needed to achieve this goal. In this study, quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection was performed on two populations, an (elite times exotic) sugar beet progeny and an elite panel, to find potentially new interesting regions brought by the exotic accession. The three traits linked with impurities content were studied. Some QTLs were detected in both populations, the majority in the elite panel because of most statistical power. Some of the QTLs were colocated and had favorable effect in the progeny since the exotic allele was linked with a decrease in the impurity content. A few number of favorable QTLs were detected in the progeny, only. Consequently, introgressing exotic genetic material into sugar beet breeding programs can allow the incorporation of new interesting alleles.

Evaluation of Onion Breeding Lines for Table Purpose

For the development of stable variety for table purpose, 68 breeding lines were developed through mass selection from the selected bulbs. All the lines, along with checks, were evaluated at ICAR-DOGR, Rajgurunagar, Pune (MS). Out of 68 breeding lines, seven lines viz., DOGR-546-DR, KH-M-1, KH-M-2, KH-M-3, KH-M-4, RGP-1 and RGP-2 have been entered in AINRPOG on the basis of their superiority over the best check. DOGR-546-DR (373.40 q/ha) showed 18.3% marketable yield superiority over the best check. It has very good bulb storability, 64.7 g average bulb weight, free from bolters and suitable for rabi season. KH-M-1 (353.30 q/ha) and KH-M-2 (359.85 q/ha) were suitable for kharif season and showed 23.4% and 25.7% marketable yield superiority over the best check, respectively. These lines have dark red bulbs and early in maturity. RGP-1 (328.60 q/ha) and RGP-2 (369.15 q/ha) were suitable for rabi season and showed 17.5% and 32.0% marketable yield superiority over the best check. Two lines, namely KH-M-1 and KH-M- 2,were found best in respect of earliness, stability and quality yield during kharif.

Effect of Striga Infestation on Sorghum Agronomic Traits and Its Breeding Strategy for Resistance in Ethiopia: A Review

In Ethiopia sorghum is a major cereal crop grown in wide agroecology however, in most of moisture stress sorghum growing areas are infested by striga. Striga is an obligate root parasitic and a major biotic constraint to sorghum production in Ethiopia. Farmers sown susceptible sorghum varieties in striga infested field resulted plant height and dray matter and yield components were affected therefore, loss significant grain yield production. Farmers named reduction of sorghum growth and stunting as main indication of Striga infestation. Varieties exhibited lower reduction for these traits in striga infestation was named resistant varieties. In Ethiopian Gobiye, Abshir and Birhan registered as striga resistance, drought tolerant and early maturing varieties. Currently in Ethiopian sorghum national breeding program these resistance varieties utilizing as a source of resistance gene and crossing with landraces and other improved genotypes to develop new high grain yielding and resistance variety with farmers preferred agronomic traits. Also resistance variety SRN 39 and Framida use in breeding program. Resistance varieties also a central components of integrated striga management. The screening techniques is undergoing at major sorghum growing areas and striga infested field however, the striga occurrence is complicated and slow down the development of new resistance variety. Laboratory screening data conceding with field data was a mandatory to developed resistance varieties. Generally, enhancing sorghum grain yield production by developing high yielding stable striga resistance varieties, improving integrate striga controlling managements and distributing resistance varieties to the farmers are unambiguous. The objectives of this paper is to review the effect of striga on sorghum agronomic traits and breeding strategy. Keywords : Striga infestation, Sorghum, resistance DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-15-03 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) and Regression Analysis in Sorghum [&lt;i&gt;Sorghum bicolor&lt;/i&gt; (L). Moench] Varieties

Background and justification: Ethiopia is the third largest sorghum producer in Africa next to Nigeria and Sudan. Shortage of widely adapted and stable high yielding variety is one of the major bottlenecks for production and productivity of sorghum in the country. Grain yield performance is not the only parameter for selection as a genotype with the highest grain yield would not necessarily mean stable and adaptable across location and years. Eberhart and Russell (1996) and AMMI model could be the preferable tools to identify stable, high yielding and adaptable genotype (s) for wider or specific environments. Objectives: To identify stable high yielding sorghum varieties that could be adapted for wider and/or specific environments and make recommendations for further demonstration and production in the test environments and similar agro ecologies.Material and methods: A total of 21 released sorghum varieties and a local check were evaluated at three locations in western Ethiopia (Bako, Gute, Biloboshe) and two locations in eastern Ethiopia (Mechara and Mieso) in 2017 main cropping seasons. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications. Summary of results and application of the study: The combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant effect of environment and genotype by environment interactions for grain yield. This indicated that the tested varieties showed inconsistent grain yield performance across locations. Birmash variety gave the highest grain yield with average yield of 3.5 ton ha-1 but specifically adapted to Gute, Biloboshe and Mechara. Baji was the second high yielding variety with mean grain yield of 3.3 ton ha-1 and relatively with wider adaptability. The first two IPCAs accounted for a total of 88.64% of the interaction sum square. In general, deviation from regression coefficient, AMMI stability value and genotype selection index revealed that Baji, Birmash, Emahoy, IS9302 and Gambella-1107 were relatively stable varieties with optimum grain yield and therefore recommended for further demonstration and popularization in the test locations and areas with similar agro-ecologies.Keywords: AMMI, ASV, IPCAs, Sorghum

Exploitation of diversity within farmers' durum wheat varieties enhanced the chance of selecting productive, stable and adaptable new varieties to the local climatic conditions

AbstractVariety selection from locally adapted crops is the major climate change adaptation strategy of farming communities. There are several justifications for re-thinking for the sustainable use of crop biodiversity in our breeding programs. Thirty-one durum wheat farmers' varieties (FVs), together with five improved check varieties, were characterized in Tigray during 2014 and 2015 main cropping seasons. The genotype effect explained most of the variations in measured traits, which enabled us to identify superior and stable genotypes for wider adaptation as well varieties with more local adaptation. The genotypes and test locations imposed a highly significant (P &lt; 0.001) effect on both phenological and quantitative traits. A yield advantage of 14.3% was obtained from top performer FV over top performer improved variety, Asassa. Of the tested FVs, 27.8% were superior for grain yield (GY) than improved varieties and 19.4% of these superior FVs were more stable and adaptable than the improved varieties. Besides giving higher GY with spatial stability, they qualify for industrial requirements with high-grain protein (&gt;13%) and gluten (&gt;33%) contents. FVs such as G10, G16, G21, G22 and G30 have wider adaptability and are suitable for production in all tested areas. As outcome of this study, two superior FVs, G10 (208304) and G30 (8208), were nationally released for commercial production for their productivity, stability and grain quality. Utilizing the diverse durum wheat FVs can effectively improve productivity and adaptability. Wheat breeders need to revisit these resources to improve adaptation of wheat production to the changing climatic conditions.