Stable Response Research Articles

Large area, ultrafast, suppressed dark current and high-performance PtSe2/MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure based visible to NIR broadband photodetector

Group-10 transitional metal dichalcogenide, in particular Platinum selenide (PtSe2), have attracted substantial attention owing to its fascinating properties such as high carrier mobility, narrow bandgap, and high stability in contrast to other low bandgap 2D materials. However, in bare PtSe2, high dark current and lower sensitivity restrict to make high-performance broadband photodetector. Herein, a large area and stable PtSe2/MoS2 heterostructure based photodetector is fabricated which exhibits suppressed dark current and high-performance with broad 400-1200 nm detection, covering visible to near-infrared region (NIR). The PtSe2/MoS2 heterostructure device exhibits ∼103 order reduction in the dark current, high detectivity, and better stable response as compared to its bare PtSe2 device. Moreover, under NIR (900 nm) illumination, the PtSe2/MoS2 device demonstrates high responsivity of 17.9 AW−1 and high specific detectivity of 9.8 × 1012 Jones at amoderate bias of −5V. It exhibits ultra-fast response with rise/ fall time of 103 μs/117 μs corroborating its high performance. To understand the working of PtSe2/MoS2 photodetector, a detailed carrier transport mechanism is investigated based on the interface. This work provides a facile strategy to fabricate large area, fast response and high-performance broadband photodetector to build future optoelectronic devices.

Printing highly sensitive strain gauges with polymer-derived ceramics and In2O3 composites for high-temperature applications

The development of high-temperature thick film strain gauges (TFSGs) that offer both durability and a high gauge factor (GF) remains a formidable challenge. This study integrates polymer-derived ceramic technology with filler techniques to introduce the SiCNO/In2O3 TFSG. The proposed TFSG demonstrates a stable strain response and exceptional thermal stability, enabling its application at temperatures up to 1100°C. Notably, the SiCNO/In2O3 TFSG exhibits minimal resistance drift of 0.31%/h at 1100°C, and an impressive GF of 10.94 at 1000°C. These advancements underscore its significant potential for applications requiring precise strain monitoring under harsh thermal conditions, such as propulsion systems and industrial processes.

III-Nitride MQW-Based Optoelectronic Sensors for Multifunctional Environmental Monitoring

This work presents an integrated multi-quantum well (MQW) optoelectronic sensor leveraging III-nitride materials for multifunctionality on a monolithic chip. Fabricated using standard microfabrication techniques, the sensor adopts identical InGaN/GaN MQWs, enabling simultaneous emission and detection. The sensor features a double concentric circle structure, supporting both on-chip and off-chip detection mechanisms, capable of detecting environmental parameters like rotational speed, proximity, and sucrose concentration. It exhibits stable photocurrent response to rotational speed up to 8000 rpm, a 3 cm vertical detection range, and a linear response with 3.9 nA/% sensitivity to changes in sucrose concentration, demonstrating potential for diverse applications including industrial and biomedical fields.

The synergistic effect of La dopant/willow catkins template on SnO2 monotubes for efficient detection of triethylamine

The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as triethylamine (TEA) is essential for maintaining air quality and human health. This study explores the synergistic effects of lanthanum (La) doping and the use of willow catkins as a template for the performance of SnO₂ gas sensors for TEA detection. The morphology and structure of the as-synthesized samples were investigated, and a series of experiments were conducted to explore the TEA sensing characterization of SnO2-based sensors. The results of gas sensing demonstrated that the response of La2-SnO₂ sensors is up to about 178 at 100 ppm TEA, showing a 45 % increase compared to pure SnO₂ with a detection limit as low as 5 ppb. The fabricated sensors demonstrated a rapid response time of 60 s and a recovery time of 98 s at 100 ppm TEA concentration. Moreover, the sensors showed stable and repeatable responses over multiple cycles, indicating excellent reproducibility and long-term stability. The enhanced TEA sensing performance can be attributed to the abundant oxygen vacancies and promising tubular structure, which not only offer more active sites to absorb oxygen species but also promote the adsorption-desorption process of gas molecules. This study highlights the potential of La-doped SnO₂ sensors fabricated using a sustainable willow catkins template as a promising candidate for practical TEA detection applications.

The efficacy of first and second immunotherapy exposure in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer.

Immunotherapy has led to changes in cervical cancer guidelines. Therefore, additional biomarkers to identify the ideal patient who would experience the most benefit may be important. We retrospectively collected 208 patients with R/M CC and recorded clinicopathologic information, peripheral blood markers and treatments to analyze the prognostic factors of clinical outcomes. Response rate comparison, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the efficacy of different factors. A total of 43.27% patients achieved objective responses, including 18 with complete response and 72 with partial response. Patients receiving first-line immunotherapy had much higher objective response rate (ORR) than the remaining patients (53.8% vs. 34.8%, p = 0.006). CRP >3 ECOG ≥1 and recurrence in 6 months predicted shorter progression free survival (PFS). CRP >3, GLU >6.1 independently predicted unfavorable overall survival (OS). Compared with no antiangiogenic therapy, previous antiangiogenic therapy reduced the median OS by nearly 14 months. Immunotherapy rechallenge was still effective after first immunotherapy failure, and combined with dual-immunotherapy or bevacizumab combined with chemoradiotherapy resulted in a 60.00% or 62.50% ORR, respectively. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma, with stable disease or objective response in the first immunotherapy or without chemotherapy in second immunotherapy had favorable clinical outcome. The baseline CRP levels in serum was an independent factor for PFS and OS of R/M CC patients treated with immunotherapy, and previous antiangiogenic therapy was associated with poor OS. Patients still show response to immunotherapy rechallenge and combined treatment with bevacizumab or candonilimab showed higher response rate than anti-PD-1 after immunotherapy failure.

Solid Contact Microfabricated Electrode for Point-of-Care Electrochemical Determination of a Parasitic Infection Managing Medication Based on a Transducer Layer Prussian Blue Analogue Decorated with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Point-of-care diagnostics (POC), often known as on-site testing has evolved as a quick and accurate methodology for analyzing and therapeutic monitoring of drugs. The aim of this study is to provide cost-effective, simple, portable, reliable, and ecofriendly methodology for determination of Tinidazole (TD); potentiometric sensors are found to be an ideal fit for achieving these goals. An advanced microfabricated ion selective electrode is provided employing two-steps procedure. The first is selecting the most selective ionophore for TD determination while the second is to improve the stability and detection limit upon doping the nanoparticles as ion to electron transducer layer between the microfabricated copper electrode and the ion selective media as it can decrease potential drift from 8.0 to ∼1.0 mV h−1. Nernstian potentiometric results were obtained for TD in range of concentration 1.0 × 10−3 to 1.0 × 10−8 M, its slope was −57.43 mV/decade with lower detection limits 2.55 × 10−9 M. Essential values of the adopted sensor are fast and stable response time (9 ± 2 s). The provided potentiometric approach succeeds to asses TD in its pure and pharmaceutical forms, furthermore in different biological fluids with satisfactory results.

Multifunctional 3D pristine graphene with tunable electromagnetic properties via self-assembly strategy

Nowadays, there is an urgent demand for multifunctional materials with tunable properties to meet the requirements of intricate environments with alternating temperatures and electromagnetic conditions. Pristine graphene is a highly promising electromagnetic material owing to its intrinsic advantages. However, issues related to aggregation and weak gelation capability would hinder the fabrication and advancement of multifunctional pristine graphene. Herein, multifunction properties are first integrated into one 3D structured pristine graphene via a self-assembly method. By regulating the microstructures, 3D structured pristine graphene can exhibit a range of electromagnetic properties, including wave transmission (wave transmittance of 88 %-93 %), electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption (reflection loss of −50.70 dB), and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding (shielding effectiveness (SE) of ∼37.90 dB), which are not available in existing graphene materials. Furthermore, the 3D structured pristine graphene exhibits mechanical stability and thermal performances to guarantee a stable and durable electromagnetic response for complex environmental applications. The outstanding multifunction can be attributed to the low defects and controllable microstructures of pristine graphene. This work supplies an inspiration for the development of multifunctional graphene materials as well as the microstructure design of 3D pristine graphene.

Assembled self-centering brace with replaceable friction damper for seismic resilience: Development and mechanical behavior research

A novel seismic resilient brace, integrating a replaceable friction damper mechanism with an assembled self-centering device of combination disc springs, has been developed and investigated through experimental research. This brace can be named as the Assembled Pre-pressed Disc-springs Self-centering Replaceable Energy Dissipation (APD-SRED) brace. The working principles, structural configurations, fabrication process and mechanical behaviors of this bracing system were discussed and analyzed firstly in detail. Subsequently, five brace specimens were designed incorporating different axial pre-compression forces within a combination disc springs system and varying friction forces in the damper device. Test results exhibit a stable and repeatable flag-shaped hysteretic responses with satisfactory energy dissipation, which can be implemented under the low cyclic reversed loading. Additionally, it can be noted that the excellent seismic resilience performance can be obtained by maintaining a relative balance between self-centering and energy dissipation characteristics. The stiffness and strength of this brace can withstand cyclical loading without degradation, making superiorities against sequential design earthquakes without the replacement or repair, and facilitating replacement of the friction energy dissipation components to meet different demands. Moreover, the proposed calculation model can be validated accurately predicting the mechanical behavior of the APD-SRED brace by considering friction effects in disc-springs. This validation was achieved through comparisons with experimental results, and several crucial design factors influencing the brace's behavior were analyzed and discussed for practical application in a parametric design. Finally, drawing upon a combination of experimental and analytical studies, this study ultimately presented practical design recommendations.

Determinationof indole-3-acetic acid using disposable molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors based on bifunctional monomers.

Stainless steel sheets were coated with carbon ink to obtain disposable carbon electrodes, which were used as supports for moleculary imprinted polymer (MIP) electrochemical sensors by electropolymerizing o-phenylenediamine and o-aminophenol along with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as the template. After optimization, the MIP biosensors could be used for sensitive and selective detection of IAA with the limit of quantification of 0.1µM. Our experimental results showed that stable and reproducible electrochemical responses could be achieved for the disposable MIP biosensors. This approach wassuccessfully used for detection of IAA in different tissues of pea sprouts. This study reveals the potential of MIP electrochemical sensors in practical applications and shrinks the trench between the research and the real world.

Room Temperature Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Hybrid Layered SnO Mesoflowers and Laser-Induced Graphitic Carbon Devices.

In this work, we demonstrate chemiresistive volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors prepared by drop-cast assembly of layered tin monoxide mesoflowers (SnO-MFs) on additively produced laser-induced graphene-like carbon (LIG). The SnO-MFs were synthesized below 100 °C at ambient pressure and offer a low fabrication energy alternative route to typical furnace-prepared metal-oxide materials. The additive dropcast assembly of room-temperature operating metal oxide active material allows the substitution of LIG for metal current collectors and glass for alumina, reducing the environmental footprint of the sensor. The sensors can detect methanol (150-4000 ppm) at room temperature and humidity (∼18 °C, ∼55% RH), with response and recovery times (150 ppm methanol) of t 90,resp ≈ 50 ± 10 s and t 90,rec ≈ 5 ± 0.5 s, respectively. The sensors demonstrated a limit of detection (170 ± 40 ppm) below 8 h worker safety exposure levels (200 ppm) and stable DC resistance responses ΔR/R = 9 ± 2% to 710 ppm of methanol for over 21 days in ambient laboratory conditions, n = 4. First-principles density functional theory simulations were used to elucidate the interactions of VOC species on the SnO surfaces. LIG-SnO hybrid sensors thus present a resource-efficient route to develop chemiresistive sensors for low-power applications, although with cross-selectivity to other alcohol species.

Thin Film TaFe, TaCo, and TaNi as Potential Optical Hydrogen Sensing Materials.

This paper studies the structural and optical properties of tantalum-iron-, tantalum-cobalt-, and tantalum-nickel-sputtered thin films both ex situ and while being exposed to various hydrogen pressures/concentrations, with a focus on optical hydrogen sensing applications. Optical hydrogen sensors require sensing materials that absorb hydrogen when exposed to a hydrogen-containing environment. In turn, the absorption of hydrogen causes a change in the optical properties that can be used to create a sensor. Here, we take tantalum as a starting material and alloy it with Fe, Co, or Ni with the aim to tune the optical hydrogen sensing properties. The rationale is that alloying with a smaller element would compress the unit cell, reduce the amount of hydrogen absorbed, and shift the pressure composition isotherm to higher pressures. X-ray diffraction shows that no lattice compression is realized for the crystalline Ta body-centered cubic phase when Ta is alloyed with Fe, Co, or Ni, but that phase segregation occurs where the crystalline body-centered cubic phase coexists with another phase, as for example an X-ray amorphous one or fine-grained intermetallic compounds. The fraction of this phase increases with increasing alloyant concentration up until the point that no more body-centered cubic phase is observed for 20% alloyant concentration. Neutron reflectometry indicates only a limited reduction of the hydrogen content with alloying. As such, the ability to tune the sensing performance of these materials by alloying with Fe, Co, and/or Ni is relatively small and less effective than substitution with previously studied Pd or Ru, which do allow for a tuning of the size of the unit cell, and consequently tunable hydrogen sensing properties. Despite this, optical transmission measurements show that a reversible, stable, and hysteresis-free optical response to hydrogen is achieved over a wide range of hydrogen pressures/concentrations for Ta-Fe, Ta-Co, or Ta-Ni alloys which would allow them to be used in optical hydrogen sensors.

Highly resilient aerogel/sponge nested structures assisted multimodal tactile sensory system for robotic embodied perception

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit outstanding reasoning abilities when robots perform tasks, but are limited to the passively receiving information and lack multi-feature perception of realistic objects. Humans obtain complementary and coupled information from interactions with objects through the skin. Here, a multimodal tactile sensory system is reported to assist the LLM-equipped robots in actively perceiving and understanding multiple features of objects including material, compliance and thermal insulation. A multi-parametric tactile sensing array, where each sensor in the array comprises of a triboelectric unit, a decoupling pressure-temperature dual-mode sensing unit and a heating unit, is constructed to acquire the multiparametric tactile signals. The pressure-temperature sensing unit is fabricated from the developed aerogel/sponge nested composite structures, which exhibit stable compression resilience under the compression strain of over 90 %, impressive fatigue resistance with stable responses after 10,000 compression cycles, and linear thermoelectric responses over wide temperature gradients. The multi-parametric tactile signals are analyzed using Mamba time series network model, resulting in the high-precision clustering of multiple features (up to 98.3 %). Supported by a multimodal interactive perception framework, the LLM realizes multi-feature understanding of objects. With large-scale sample datasets and multi-task training, the LLM-equipped robots powered by the multimodal tactile sensory system are expected to realize embodied intelligence.

High-temperature thin-film strain sensors with low temperature coefficient of resistance and high sensitivity via direct ink writing

High-temperature thin-film strain sensors are advanced technological devices for monitoring stress and strain in extreme environments, but the coupling of temperature and strain at high temperature is a challenge for their use. Here, this issue is addressed by creating a composite ink that combines Pb2Ru2O6 and TiB2 using polysilazane (PSZ) as a binder. After direct writing and annealing the PSZ/Pb2Ru2O6/TiB2 film at 800 °C in air, the resulting thin film exhibits a low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of only 281 ppm/°C over a wide temperature range from 100 °C to 700 °C, while also demonstrating high sensitivity with a gauge factor approaching 19.8. This exceptional performance is attributed to the intrinsic properties of Pb2Ru2O6, which has positive TCR at high temperature, and TiB2, which has negative TCR at high temperature. Combining these materials reduces the overall TCR of the film. Tests showed that the PSZ/Pb2Ru2O6/TiB2 film maintains stable strain responses and significant signal output even under varying temperature. These findings provide valuable insights for developing high-temperature strain sensors with low TCR and high sensitivity, highlighting their potential for applications in high-temperature strain measurements.

Effects of training repetition on young footballers’ tactical and physical performances: free and conditioned large-sided games

This study evaluated the consequences of repeating the same large-sided games, playing free or conditioned, during several training sessions on young footballers’ tactical and conditional performances and their variabilities. Thirty-two U14 and U16 developmental male footballers participated in the study. Both teams, divided into two balanced groups (free play and conditioned), faced each other during three eight-a-side games (seven vs seven, plus goalkeepers) during three training sessions. The free-play groups played as they pleased, while the conditioned groups played the games conditioned by tactical instructions. Tactical performance was assessed by central tendency and normalized approximate entropy measures of the distance of each player to the team centroid (m) and the distance of each player to their mean position (m), while the conditional performance was assessed by total distance (m) and walking, jogging, running, and sprinting distances traveled (m), and number of accelerations and decelerations performed. Whereas players’ average tactical and conditional responses scarcely varied between sessions, inter- and intra-player variabilities were always considerable (coefficient of variation >10%) regardless of the task conditions and the age group. In addition, all footballers’ conditional variability was substantially higher at faster speeds (jogging, running, and sprinting distances) than at slower ones (total distance and walking distance traveled), and for accelerations and decelerations performed. Implementing large-sided games with or without tactical instructions may be an appropriate training strategy to ensure stable and constant average responses for the team. Nevertheless, academy football coaches should bear in mind and manage the variability between and within players.

Ratiometric fluorescence sensing and discrimination of tetracycline analogs by using coumarin-embedded Eu-MOF nanosensor

As widely used antibiotics, tetracycline residues exist in food and environmental media, which pose certain hidden dangers and negative effects on public health. Therefore, the sensing and discrimination of tetracycline analogs (TCs) have great significance for improving food safety and preventing environmental pollution. Herein, a 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid-embedded Eu-MOF (HC@Eu-MOF) material was constructed and then developed for the detection of TCs. Upon addition of TCs, the synthesized sensor displays opposite fluorescence changes at two different wavelengths due to the simultaneous presence of the inner filter effect (IFE) and the antenna effect (AE), and achieves a stable ratio signal response within 90 s. In addition, six important tetracycline analogs, including chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), metacycline (MC), doxycycline (DC) and demeclocycline (DMC) can be discriminated with 100 % accuracy through the principal component analysis even in extremely complicated mixtures. Further, a smartphone-assisted portable device was applied for visual sensing of TCs. The as-developed platform possessed the characteristics of simple synthesis, fast response, high sensitivity, and high stability, which further lays a further foundation for the on-site visual detection and discrimination of TCs in real samples.

A closely spaced dual band polarization insensitive FSS for 5G applications

This study presents a novel single layer Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) for fifth generation (5G) applications with a polarization independent closely spaced dual band response. The proposed design consists of four split ring apertures etched on a square patch printed on a RT5880 dielectric substrate. The FSS has two stop-bands at 24.78 GHz and 28 GHz center frequencies with attenuations around 55 dB. The S21<−10 dB bandwidths (BW) of these bands are 14.48 % and 9.25 %, respectively and these closely spaced bands succeed 1.13 frequency ratio. It shows a stable frequency response for both TE and TM polarizations. Furthermore, the FSS represents a single layered and quite thin (thickness 0.042λl) structure with its unit cell size (0.70λl × 0.70λl, where λl is the free-space wavelength at lower frequency). The novelty of the presented FSS is not only achieving a small closely spaced band ratio in the mmWave band and exhibiting polarization insensitivity but also providing these features with a simple geometry and, uncomplicated single layer structure. The simulation results were confirmed by well accordant measurement results. All these results make the presented FSS a good candidate for 5G electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications.

In-doped ZnO films deposited by modified SILAR method for enhanced ethanol gas sensor application

The rapid and skillful detection of toxic gases is a crucial requirement for the advancement of gas sensors. In this study, we fabricated undoped and In-doped (1 %, 3 %, and 5 % by weight) ZnO films using a two-step modified SILAR deposition technique. The ethanol gas sensing properties of both undoped and In-doped ZnO films were examined across a range of operating temperatures (from room temperature, 27 °C–200 °C) and concentrations (1 ppm–50 ppm). Of all the films, those doped with 5 % Indium exhibited the most stable, reproducible, and highest response, achieving 86.27 % at 50 ppm ethanol at an operating temperature of 100 °C. Compared to the undoped ZnO films, all Indium-doped ZnO films demonstrated significantly shorter response times (17 s) and recovery times (19 s). The response of all the deposited films to various gases such as acetone, methanol, toluene, xylene, and formaldehyde was lower than their response to ethanol. The mechanism behind the enhanced sensing characteristics of the Indium-doped ZnO films is explored. Additionally, the impact of humidity on sensor performance was investigated. This study reveals that 5 % In-doped ZnO films hold great potential as materials for ethanol gas sensing applications.

CHEMOMETRIC EVIDENCE FOR SR AND RB ISOTOPES DUE TO THE SPECIFIC SOIL CHEMISTRY IN DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS

Strontium and rubidium are the commonly used metals for isotope-ratio analysis. Moreover, this geochemical marker varies between different rock types and formations. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio has been shown to vary widely in surface rocks, so any Sr released into soils, rivers, and groundwater has an isotopic signature that reflects its source. Sr and Rb isotopes have also been used to trace agricultural products, which have incorporated Sr, along with Ca, from soils incorporating the Sr-isotope ratios of the underlying rocks. The specific conditions in the soil represent characteristic conditions of the environment which is reflected in a certain way in the plants. Despite uncertainty about the organic compounds in a sample, the content of selected elements (trace and rare earth elements, REEs) reflects the growing conditions in the environment. For that instance, in the present research, we will give focus on the inorganic compounds’ identifications, due to the more stable response to the lithogenic nature of the soil-plant interaction. For the present study, the target isotopes were 88Sr, 87Sr, 86Sr, and 85Rb. The isotope analysis was conducted with the application of ICP-MS, following the protocol provided in the EPA METHOD 6020. In the validation process, no significant interference occurred that could affect the sensitivity of the measurement of the selected isotopes. Data analysis has been applied to the comparative issues between Sr and Rb content in soil from North Macedonia and selected regions in China. Moreover, the same chemometric model was applied for data analysis for selected plant species for both regions. Data analyses has improved the significant differences within the element contents and ratios as well between both geographical regions.

Ultrasensitive miRNA-let-7a detection based on AgInS2 quantum dots co-sensitization and CRISPR/Cas12a induced strand displacement reaction for signal amplification

The evolution of breast cancer is usually accompanied by abnormal expression of miRNA-let-7a. Sensitive gauging of miRNA-let-7a is crucial for breast cancer monitoring and prognosis. Herein, a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was served as miRNA-let-7a detection on the basis of the coupling of co-sensitization and CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated strand displacement amplification (SDA). In short, AgInS2 quantum dots (QDs), characterized by a wide visible light absorption range and a stable photocurrent response, have an obvious sensitizing effect on TiO2/Bi2MoO6. Under the condition of without miRNA-let-7a, the AgInS2 fixed DNA probe was located near the surface of the TiO2/Bi2MoO6 electrode, forming a co-sensitive structure. During the detection process, hairpin DNA2 (HP2) specifically recognized miRNA-let-7a through base complementary pairing, triggering the SDA reaction to convert massive double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The dsDNA product then triggered CRISPR/Cas12a lateral cleavage activity, causing AgInS2-sensitized DNA to leave the electrode surface and the co-sensitization effect to disappear, further reducing the photocurrent. Using a dual effect for signal amplification, the biosensor platform had linear detection capability within the scope of 0.01–10 nM, and the detection limit was 3.35 pM. The biosensor which was fabricated effectively provided an excellent platform for the effective monitoring of various tumor biomarkers in clinical detection.

In-Breast Tumor Progression During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Impact on and Factors Influencing Distant Recurrence-Free Survival.

Most patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) experience clinical benefit, however, a small proportion progress. We aimed to characterize factors predicting in-breast tumor progression and impact on distant recurrence. We reviewed all patients with clinical stage I-III breast cancer treated with NAC in 2006-2021 at our institution. We compared in-breast progressive disease (PD), defined as ≥ 20% increase in tumor size, with stable disease (SD) or response. Distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression. Of 1403 patients, 70 (5%) experienced in-breast PD, 243 (17%) SD, 560 (40%) partial response (PR), and 530 (38%) breast pathologic complete response (breast pCR, ypT0/Tis). The rate of PD varied by tumor subtype (8% in HR+/HER2-, 5% TNBC, 2% HER2+, p < 0.001). With median 48months follow-up, the rates of DRFS were significantly different according to clinical breast response as follows: PD 56%, SD 68%, PR 82%, or breast pCR 93%, p < 0.001. In patients with PD on multivariable analysis, post-NAC grade (adjusted HR 2.9, p = 0.002) and ypT3-4 category (adjusted HR 2.4, p = 0.03) were the strongest predictors of DRFS. Combining these factors, 23% had neither, 44% had one, and 33% had both, which stratified outcome in PD with 3-year DRFS of 100%, 77%, and 30%, respectively (p < 0.001). While in-breast PD during NAC is uncommon (5%), it predicts poor survival. Among patients with in-breast PD, post-NAC tumor grade and T category predict outcomes and may be useful to guide treatment escalation.