Stable Pairs Research Articles

Disorder-induced topological quantum phase transitions in multigap Euler semimetals

We study the effect of disorder in systems having a nontrivial Euler class. As these recently proposed multigap topological phases come about by braiding non-Abelian charged band nodes residing between different bands to induce stable pairs within isolated band subspaces, novel properties may be expected. Namely, a modified stability and critical phases under the unbraiding to metals can arise when the disorder preserves the underlying C2T or PT symmetry on average. Employing elaborate numerical computations, we verify the robustness of associated topology by evaluating the changes in the average densities of states and conductivities for different types of disorders. Upon performing a scaling analysis around the corresponding quantum critical points, we retrieve a universality for the localization length exponent of ν=1.4±0.1 for Euler-protected phases, relating to two-dimensional percolation models. We generically find that quenched disorder drives Euler semimetals into critical metallic phases. Finally, we show that magnetic disorder can also induce topological transitions to quantum anomalous Hall plaquettes with local Chern numbers determined by the initial value of the Euler invariant. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Size differences among canaries, goldfinches and allies may explain correlated evolution of song and colour.

Sexual signals such as colour ornamentation and birdsong evolve independently of each other in some clades, and in others they evolve positively or negatively correlated. We rarely know why correlated evolution does or does not occur. Here, we show positively correlated evolution between plumage colour and song motor performance among canaries, goldfinches and allies, associated with species differences in body size. When controlling for body size, the pattern of correlated evolution between song performance and colour disappeared. Syllable diversity was not as strongly associated with size, and did not evolve in a correlated manner with colour. We argue that correlated evolution between song and colour was mediated by large size limiting song motor performance, likely due to constraints on the speed of moving heavier bills, and by larger species having less saturated plumage colour, possibly due to life-history traits of larger birds (e.g. longevity, stable pairs) contributing to weaker sexual selection. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that correlated evolution between sexual signals is influenced by how, in a clade, selective pressures and constraints affecting each type of signal happen to be co-distributed across species. Such contingency helps explain the diversity in clade-specific patterns of correlated evolution between sexual signals.

The structure of the human 80S ribosome at 1.9 Å resolution reveals the molecular role of chemical modifications and ions in RNA.

The ribosomal RNA of the human protein synthesis machinery comprises numerous chemical modifications that are introduced during ribosome biogenesis. Here we present the 1.9 Å resolution cryo electron microscopy structure of the 80S human ribosome resolving numerous new ribosomal RNA modifications and functionally important ions such as Zn2+, K+ and Mg2+, including their associated individual water molecules. The 2'-O-methylation, pseudo-uridine and base modifications were confirmed by mass spectrometry, resulting in a complete investigation of the >230 sites, many of which could not be addressed previously. They choreograph key interactions within the RNA and at the interface with proteins, including at the ribosomal subunit interfaces of the fully assembled 80S ribosome. Uridine isomerization turns out to be a key mechanism for U-A base pair stabilization in RNA in general. The structural environment of chemical modifications and ions is primordial for the RNA architecture of the mature human ribosome, hence providing a structural framework to address their role in healthy states and in human diseases.

Excited-Ground-State Transition of the RNA Strand Slippage Mechanism Captured by the Base-Specific Force Field.

Excited-ground-state transition and strand slippage of RNA play key roles in transcription and translation of central dogma. Due to limitation of current experimental techniques, the dynamic structure ensembles of RNA remain inadequately understood. Molecular dynamics simulations offer a promising complementary approach, whose accuracy depends on the force field. Here, we develop the new version of RNA base-specific force field (BSFF2) to address underestimation of base pairing stability and artificial backbone conformations. Extensive evaluations on typical RNA systems have comprehensively confirmed the accuracy of BSFF2. Furthermore, BSFF2 demonstrates exceptional efficiency in de novo folding of tetraloops and reproducing base pair reshuffling transition between RNA excited and ground states. Then, we explored the RNA strand slippage mechanism with BSFF2. We conducted a comprehensive three-dimensional structural investigation into the strand slippage of the most complex r(G4C2)9 repeat element and presented the molecular details in the dynamic transition along with the underlying mechanism. Our results of capturing the strand slippage, excited-ground transition, de novo folding, and simulations for various typical RNA motifs indicate that BSFF2 should be one of valuable tools for dynamic conformation research and structure prediction of RNA, and a future contribution to RNA-targeted drug design as well as RNA therapy development.

Reversible Control of Gene Expression by Guest-Modified Adenosines in a Cell-Free System via Host-Guest Interaction.

Gene expression technology has become an indispensable tool for elucidating biological processes and developing biotechnology. Cell-free gene expression (CFE) systems offer a fundamental platform for gene expression-based technology, in which the reversible and programmable control of transcription can expand its use in synthetic biology and medicine. This study shows that CFE can be controlled via the host-guest interaction of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) with N6-guest-modified adenosines. These adenosine derivatives were conveniently incorporated into the DNA strand using a post-synthetic approach and formed a selective and stable base pair with complementary thymidine in DNA. Meanwhile, alternate addition of CB[7] and the exchanging guest molecule induced the reversible formation of a duplex structure through the formation and dissociation of a bulky complex on DNA. The kinetics of the reversibility was fine-tuned by changing the size of the modified guest moieties. When incorporated into a specific region of the T7 promoter sequence, the guest-modified adenosines enabled tight and reversible control of in vitro transcription and protein expression in the CFE system. This study marks the first utility of the host-guest interaction for gene expression control in the CFE system, opening new avenues for developing DNA-based technology, particularly for precise gene therapy and DNA nanotechnology.

Trap engineering in bismuth activated NaLu(Gd)GeO4 persistent phosphors by doping Ln3+

Persistent phosphors, as a promising material for information storage and encryption, have garnered considerable attention owing to their rapid access and low-energy consumption. However, the lack of effective trap control in storage phosphors has resulted in limited storage capacity. In this study, we have prepared a series of NaLu(Gd)GeO4:Bi3+,Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy, Pr, Sm, Er, Nd, Ho, Tm, and Yb) materials exhibiting tunable multimode and multicolor stimuli-responsive luminescence. The enhanced thermo-stimulated luminescence of five times is obtained in NaLuGeO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ relative to NaLuGeO4:Bi3+, where Bi3+ not only serves as the luminescent center but also as the hole trap center, and trace amounts of Eu3+ act as electron traps to form stable electron-hole pair traps together with Bi3+ hole traps. We propose a new method to improve trap density by constructing electron-hole pair traps via utilizing Bi3+ and Ln3+ as both trap makers and luminescence centers. Density functional theory calculations provide detailed information on the band structures of the matrix and electronic properties, which has confirmed the types of traps and then supports persistent luminescence mechanisms. Particularly, our phosphors are used as optical storage medium for multilevel optical data recording in a single physical layer through managing traps via setting the temperature. This study provides valuable insights for the design and fabrication of next-generation optical information storage and encryption materials.

Stick-slip unfolding favors self-association of expanded HTT mRNA.

In Huntington's Disease (HD) and related disorders, expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats produces a toxic gain of function in affected neurons. Expanded huntingtin (expHTT) mRNA forms aggregates that sequester essential RNA binding proteins, dysregulating mRNA processing and translation. The physical basis of RNA aggregation has been difficult to disentangle owing to the heterogeneous structure of the CAG repeats. Here, we probe the folding and unfolding pathways of expHTT mRNA using single-molecule force spectroscopy. Whereas normal HTT mRNAs unfold reversibly and cooperatively, expHTT mRNAs with 20 or 40 CAG repeats slip and unravel non-cooperatively at low tension. Slippage of CAG base pairs is punctuated by concerted rearrangement of adjacent CCG trinucleotides, trapping partially folded structures that readily base pair with another RNA strand. We suggest that the conformational entropy of the CAG repeats, combined with stable CCG base pairs, creates a stick-slip behavior that explains the aggregation propensity of expHTT mRNA.

Specificity of Photochemical Energy Conversion in PhotosystemI from the Green Microalga Chlorella ohadii.

Primary excitation energy transfer and charge separation in photosystemI(PSI) from the extremophile desert green alga Chlorella ohadii grown in low light were studied using broadband femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy in the spectral range from 400 to 850nm and in the time range from 50fs to 500ps. Photochemical reactions were induced by the excitation into the blue and red edges of the chlorophyll Qy absorption band and compared with similar processes in PSI from the cyanobacterium Synechocystissp. PCC6803. When PSI from C.ohadii was excited at 660nm, the processes of energy redistribution in the light-harvesting antenna complex were observed within a time interval of up to 25ps, while formation of the stable radical ion pair P700+A1- was kinetically heterogeneous with characteristic times of 25 and 120ps. When PSI was excited into the red edge of the Qy band at 715nm, primary charge separation reactions occurred within the time range of 7ps in half of the complexes. In the remaining complexes, formation of the radical ion pair P700+A1- was limited by the energy transfer and occurred with a characteristic time of 70ps. Similar photochemical reactions in PSI from Synechocystis6803 were significantly faster: upon excitation at 680nm, formation of the primary radical ion pairs occurred with a time of 3ps in ~30% complexes. Excitation at 720nm resulted in kinetically unresolvable ultrafast primary charge separation in 50% complexes, and subsequent formation of P700+A1- was observed within 25ps. The photodynamics of PSI from C.ohadii was noticeably similar to the excitation energy transfer and charge separation in PSI from the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; however, the dynamics of energy transfer in C.ohadii PSI also included slower components.

Diaminopurine in Nonenzymatic RNA Template Copying.

In the RNA World before the emergence of an RNA polymerase, nonenzymatic template copying would have been essential for the transmission of genetic information. However, the products of chemical copying with the canonical nucleotides (A, U, C, and G) are heavily biased toward the incorporation of G and C, which form a more stable base pair than A and U. We therefore asked whether replacing adenine (A) with diaminopurine (D) might lead to more efficient and less biased nonenzymatic template copying by making a stronger version of the A:U pair. As expected, primer extension substrates containing D bound to U in the template more tightly than substrates containing A. However, primer extension with D exhibited elevated reaction rates on a C template, leading to concerns about fidelity. Our crystallographic studies revealed the nature of the D:C mismatch by showing that D can form a wobble-type base pair with C. We then asked whether competition with G would decrease the mismatched primer extension. We performed nonenzymatic primer extension with all four activated nucleotides on randomized RNA templates containing all four letters and used deep sequencing to analyze the products. We found that the DUCG genetic system exhibited a more even product distribution and a lower mismatch frequency than the canonical AUCG system. Furthermore, primer extension is greatly reduced following all mismatches, including the D:C mismatch. Our study suggests that D deserves further attention for its possible role in the RNA World and as a potentially useful component of artificial nonenzymatic RNA replication systems.

Unveiling the Intermolecular Interactions between Drug 5-Fluorouracil and Watson-Crick/Hoogsteen Base Pairs: A Computational Analysis.

The adsorption of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) on Watson-Crick (WC) base pairs and Hoogsteen (HT) base pairs has been studied using the dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT). The adsorption, binding energy, and thermochemistry for the drug 5FU on the WC and HT base pairs were determined. The most stable geometries were near planar geometry, and 5FU has a higher preference for WC than HT base pairs. The adsorption energies of 5FU on nucleobase pairs are consistently higher than pristine nucleobase pairs, indicating that nucleobase pair cleavage is less likely during the adsorption of the 5FU drug. The enthalpy change for the formation of 5FU-DNA base pairs is higher than that for the formation of 5FU-nucleobases and is enthalpy-driven. The E gap of AT base pairs is higher, suggesting that their chemical reactivity toward further reaction would be less than that of GC base pairs. The electron density difference (EDD) analysis shows a significant decrease in electron density in aromatic regions on the purine bases (adenine/guanine) compared to the pyrimidine bases. The MESP diagram of the stable 5FU-nucleobase pair complexes shows a directional interaction, with the positive regions in a molecule interacting with the negative region of other molecules. The atoms in molecule analysis show that the ρ(r) values of C=O···H-N are higher than those of N···H/N-H···O. The N···H intermolecular bonds between the base pair/drug and nucleobases are weak, closed shell interactions and are electrostatic in nature. The noncovalent interaction analysis shows that several new spikes are engendered along with an increase in their strength, which indicates that the H-bonding interactions are stronger and play a dominant role in stabilizing the complexes. Energy decomposition analysis shows that the drug-nucleobase pair complex has a marginal increase in the electrostatic contributions compared to nucleobase pair complexes.

Human musical capacity and products should have been induced by the hominin-specific combination of several biosocial features: A three-phase scheme on socio-ecological, cognitive, and cultural evolution.

Various selection pressures have shaped human uniqueness, for instance, music. When and why did musical universality and diversity emerge? Our hypothesis is that "music" initially originated from manipulative calls with limited musical elements. Thereafter, vocalizations became more complex and flexible along with a greater degree of social learning. Finally, constructed musical instruments and the language faculty resulted in diverse and context-specific music. Music precursors correspond to vocal communication among nonhuman primates, songbirds, and cetaceans. To place this scenario in hominin history, a three-phase scheme for music evolution is presented herein. We emphasize (1) the evolution of sociality and life history in australopithecines, (2) the evolution of cognitive and learning abilities in early/middle Homo, and (3) cultural evolution, primarily in Homo sapiens. Human musical capacity and products should be due to the hominin-specific combination of several biosocial features, including bipedalism, stable pair bonding, alloparenting, expanded brain size, and sexual selection.

A nascent riboswitch helix orchestrates robust transcriptional regulation through signal integration

Widespread manganese-sensing transcriptional riboswitches effect the dependable gene regulation needed for bacterial manganese homeostasis in changing environments. Riboswitches – like most structured RNAs – are believed to fold co-transcriptionally, subject to both ligand binding and transcription events; yet how these processes are orchestrated for robust regulation is poorly understood. Through a combination of single-molecule and bulk approaches, we discover how a single Mn2+ ion and the transcribing RNA polymerase (RNAP), paused immediately downstream by a DNA template sequence, are coordinated by the bridging switch helix P1.1 in the representative Lactococcus lactis riboswitch. This coordination achieves a heretofore-overlooked semi-docked global conformation of the nascent RNA, P1.1 base pair stabilization, transcription factor NusA ejection, and RNAP pause extension, thereby enforcing transcription readthrough. Our work demonstrates how a central, adaptable RNA helix functions analogous to a molecular fulcrum of a first-class lever system to integrate disparate signals for finely balanced gene expression control.

Cholesterol sulfate-mediated ion-pairing facilitates the self-nanoassembly of hydrophilic cationic mitoxantrone

HypothesisHydrophilic cationic drugs such as mitoxantrone hydrochloride (MTO) pose a significant delivery challenge to the development of nanodrug systems. Herein, we report the use of a hydrophobic ion-pairing strategy to enhance the nano-assembly of MTO. ExperimentsWe employed biocompatible sodium cholesteryl sulfate (SCS) as a modification module to form stable ion pairs with MTO, which balanced the intermolecular forces and facilitated nano-assembly. PEGylated MTO-SCS nanoassemblies (pMS NAs) were prepared via nanoprecipitation. We systematically evaluated the effect of the ratio of the drug module (MTO) to the modification module (SCS) on the nanoassemblies. FindingsThe increased lipophilicity of MTO-SCS ion pair could significantly improve the encapsulation efficiency (∼97 %) and cellular uptake efficiency of MTO. The pMS NAs showed prolonged blood circulation, maintained the same level of tumor antiproliferative activity, and exhibited reduced toxicity compared with the free MTO solution. It is noteworthy that the stability, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior of the pMS NAs increased in proportion to the molar ratio of SCS to MTO. This study presents a self-assembly strategy mediated by ion pairing to overcome the challenges commonly associated with the poor assembly ability of hydrophilic cationic drugs.

Many-to-one matching based cooperative spectrum sharing in overlay cognitive radio networks

Cooperative Spectrum Sharing (CSS) is a Dynamic Spectrum Access mechanism aimed at providing incentives for both primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) through cooperative communication. This paper addresses the pairing problem among multiple PUs and SUs to allocate optimal fractions of spectrum resources in terms of access time, using the CSS technique. Inspired by Matching Theory, we model the CSS between PUs and SUs as a Two-sided Matching Market and explore different market equilibria. Cooperative strategies among SUs are employed to maximize the gross utility of cooperative SUs and overall utility of the secondary network, in exchange for relay services rendered to PUs. We propose a polynomial-time based many-to-one matching scheme that favors groups of collaborative SUs to attract favorable PUs from the opposite side, leading to optimal matching for SUs. On the other hand, each PU achieves stable matching when paired with a group of cooperative SUs. We provide necessary proofs for the achieved matching equilibrium. Furthermore, we formulate an optimization framework for the optimal usage of PU access time among stable PU-SU pairs and propose a near-optimal solution, achieving 96% accuracy compared to the optimal allocation yield from the benchmark method (analytical). Our proposed many-to-one matching scheme outperforms similar existing schemes and the one-to-one matching scheme in terms of SU utility, satisfaction, participation, and throughput fairness index.

Identification of potent schistosomicidal compounds predicted as type II-kinase inhibitors against Schistosoma mansoni c-Jun N-terminal kinase SMJNK

IntroductionSchistosomiasis has for many years relied on a single drug, praziquantel (PZQ) for treatment of the disease. Immense efforts have been invested in the discovery of protein kinase (PK) inhibitors; however, given that the majority of PKs are still not targeted by an inhibitor with a useful level of selectivity, there is a compelling need to expand the chemical space available for synthesizing new, potent, and selective PK inhibitors. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting the ATP pocket of the catalytic domain of PKs have the potential to become drugs devoid of (major) side effects, particularly if they bind selectively. This is the case for type II PK inhibitors, which cause PKs to adopt the so-called DFG-out conformation, corresponding to the inactive state of the enzyme.MethodsThe goal was to perform a virtual screen against the ATP pocket of the inactive JNK protein kinase. After virtually screening millions of compounds, Atomwise provided 85 compounds predicted to target c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) as type II inhibitors. Selected compounds were screened in vitro against larval stage (schistosomula) of S. mansoni using the XTT assay. Adult worms were assessed for motility, attachment, and pairing stability. Active compounds were further analyzed by molecular docking against SmJNK.ResultsIn total, 33 compounds were considered active in at least one of the assays, and two compounds were active in every in vitro screening assay. The two most potent compounds presented strong effects against both life stages of the parasite, and microscopy analysis showed phenotypic alterations on the tegument, in the gonads, and impairment of cell proliferation.ConclusionThe approach to screen type II kinase inhibitors resulted in the identification of active compounds that will be further developed against schistosomiasis.

Chiral spin textures creation and dynamics in a rectangular nanostructure

Abstract Controlled creation of stable chiral spin textures is required to use them as an energy-efficient information carrier in spintronics. Here we have studied the stable creation of isolated chiral spin texture (skyrmion and antiskyrmion) and its pair through the magnetization reversal of a rectangular nanostructure using spin-polarized currents. An isolated spin texture is created through a negative current pulse. Dynamics of the stable spin texture are explored under external magnetic fields, and the resonant frequencies are calculated. A stable skyrmion pair is created using an asymmetric current pulse, and their interaction is studied using the Thiele equation. The stability of isolated or paired spin texture depends on the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction strength, spin-polarized current density, and pulse duration. In addition, the stability of the skyrmion pair depends on their initial separation, and a threshold for the separation between skyrmions of 78 nm is observed.

Identification of qualitative characteristics of immunosuppression in sepsis based on immune-related genes and immune infiltration features

ObjectiveSepsis is linked to high morbidity and mortality rates. Consequently, early diagnosis is crucial for proper treatment, reducing hospitalization, and mortality rates. Additionally, over one-fifth of sepsis patients still face a risk of death. Hence, early diagnosis, and effective treatment play pivotal roles in enhancing the prognosis of patients with sepsis. MethodThe study analyzed whole blood data obtained from patients with sepsis and control samples sourced from three datasets (GSE57065, GSE69528, and GSE28750). Commonly dysregulated immune-related genes (IRGs) among these three datasets were identified. The differential characteristics of these common IRGs in the sepsis and control samples were assessed using the REO-based algorithm. Based on these differential characteristics, samples from eight Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases (GSE57065, GSE69528, GSE28750, GSE65682, GSE69063, GSE95233, GSE131761, and GSE154918), along with three ArrayExpress databases (E-MTAB-4421, E-MTAB-4451, and E-MTAB-7581), were categorized and scored. The effectiveness of these differential characteristics in distinguishing sepsis samples from control samples was evaluated using the AUC value derived from the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve. Furthermore, the expression of IRGs was validated in peripheral blood samples obtained from patients with sepsis through qRT-PCR. ResultsAmong the three training datasets, a total of 84 common dysregulated immune-related genes (IRGs) were identified. Utilizing a within-sample relative expression ordering (REOs)-based algorithm to analyze these common IRGs, differential characteristics were observed in three reverse stable pairs (ELANE-RORA, IL18RAP-CD247, and IL1R1-CD28). In the eight GEO datasets, the expression of ELANE, IL18RAP, and IL1R1 demonstrated significant upregulation, while RORA, CD247, and CD28 expression exhibited notable downregulation during sepsis. These three pairs of immune-related marker genes displayed accuracies of 95.89% and 97.99% in distinguishing sepsis samples among the eight GEO datasets and the three independent ArrayExpress datasets, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.81 to 1.0. Additionally, among these three immune-related marker gene pairs, mRNA expression levels of ELANE and IL1R1 were upregulated, whereas the levels of CD247 and CD28 mRNA were downregulated in blood samples from patients with sepsis compared to normal controls. ConclusionThese three immune-related marker gene pairs exhibit high predictive performance for blood samples from patients with sepsis. They hold potential as valuable auxiliary clinical blood screening tools for sepsis.

Real-time measurements of breathing dissipative soliton pairs in mode-locked fiber lasers

The emergence of breathing solitons, as well as the breathing soliton molecules undergoing periodic evolution in peak power and spectral width has attracted growing research attentions in dissipative systems. Beyond the intense pulse interactions within tightly-bound states with picoseconds interval, the long-range interplay between pulses separated by nanosecond-scale starts to be investigated in recent years, thus filling the long-standing academic gap between the bound solitons and independent multiple pulses. In this work, we report on the real-time observations of breathing dissipative soliton pairs with nanoseconds’ separations in a fiber laser operating under the threshold of stationary mode locking. Compared with conventional soliton counterpart, here the breathing soliton pair exhibit even more fascinating inter-pulse nonlinear dynamics due to the intriguing self-excited periodic evolutions. The shot-to-shot measurements of pulse intensity profiles, associated with dispersive Fourier transform clearly uncover not only the different breathing phase synchronization and pulse separations among different pulses but also the hysteresis behaviors of the breathing ratio by continuously varying the laser parameters. Moreover, we observed various transient stages in this unstable lasing regime, including the transition between stable single soliton and breathing soliton pair, as well as their long-range breather interaction. These results reveal the breathing multi-pulse state and the instantaneous non-equilibrium dynamics involving the breather pairs, enriching the framework of breathing solitons and opening a novel possibility to explore the internal motions of breathing soliton complex in nonlinear systems.

The W(E6)$W(E_6)$‐invariant birational geometry of the moduli space of marked cubic surfaces

AbstractThe moduli space of marked cubic surfaces is one of the most classical moduli spaces in algebraic geometry, dating back to the nineteenth‐century work of Cayley and Salmon. Modern interest in was restored in the 1980s by Naruki's explicit construction of a ‐equivariant smooth projective compactification of , and in the 2000s by Hacking, Keel, and Tevelev's construction of the Kollár–Shepherd‐Barron–Alexeev (KSBA) stable pair compactification of as a natural sequence of blowups of . We describe generators for the cones of ‐invariant effective divisors and curves of both and . For Naruki's compactification , we further obtain a complete stable base locus decomposition of the ‐invariant effective cone, and as a consequence find several new ‐equivariant birational models of . Furthermore, we fully describe the log minimal model program for the KSBA compactification , with respect to the divisor , where is the boundary and is the sum of the divisors parameterizing marked cubic surfaces with Eckardt points.

Construction of Ag/CdZnS QDs nanocomposite for enhanced visible light photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus

With increasing use of antibiotics, the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens poses a serious threat to human health and the environment. Photocatalytic inactivation of these harmful pathogens is one of the novel and non-antibiotic treatments. The study fabricated Ag NPs decorated CdZnS QDs via a facile and biological co-precipitation method using L. camara plant extract as a green alternative to treat the toxic chemicals. The fabricated Ag/CdZnS QDs (NCs) were prepared for the efficient treatment of antibiotic-resistant pathogens as they raise a major global concern. The fabricated NCs were characterized with various characterization techniques to verify its physicochemical properties. The fabricated NCs have shown excellent photo-sterilization performance of 97 % against S. aureus. The excellent activity was attributed to the decoration of Ag NPs on CdZnS QDs as it helped in shortening band gap, improved visible light absorption ability, increased active sites, and boosted photogenerated electron/hole pairs stability. Radical trapping experiment and ESR analysis indicated the involvement of •OH and h+ in the photoinactivation of bacteria. The photo sterilization reaction of NCs was carried out under different environmental conditions, including light and dark conditions and different pH conditions. The experiment was carried out in sewage-treated water in order to test the real-time application, and the fabricated NCs achieved excellent 95.9 % photo-inactivation of S. aureus cells in sewage treated water and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the system was increased after photo inactivation treatment. The fabricated NCs have also shown excellent reusable efficiency of 95% after six runs and the photostability and anti-corrosive nature of NCs were confirmed. The study provides an insight for the employment of photocatalysis for the sterilization of pathogens in real time aquatic environment across the globe.