Stable Iodine Research Articles

Merging the Reactivity of (Pseudo)cyclic Hypervalent Iodine Reagents and Carbenes or Carbenoids

AbstractIn this short review, we present applications merging the reactivity of cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents with carbenes and carbenoids developed in the period 2014–2024. The use of more stable cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents has led to major advances in this area. The combination of iodine(III) chemistry with carbenes or carbenoids enables new disconnections that are not possible using classical reactivity. Both the use of hypervalent iodine compounds as partners in reactions with metal carbenes and as reagents combining the reactivity of iodine(III) and carbenes in a single molecule to give carbyne equivalents are discussed in this review.1 Introduction2 Transfer of Fluorinated Groups (F, CF3)3 Oxy- and Aminoalkyn(en)ylation3.1 Oxy- and Aminoalkynylation with Acceptor-Substituted Diazo Compounds3.2 Oxyalkenylation with Acceptor-Substituted Diazo Compounds3.3 Oxyalkynylation with Acceptor-Acceptor-Substituted Diazo Compounds4 Carbyne Equivalents4.1 Diazo-Based Reagents4.2 Sulfur Ylide Based Reagents5 Conclusion

Characteristics of exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear incident.

During a nuclear accident, numerous products of nuclear fission are released, including isotopes of radioactive iodine. Among them is iodine-131, with a half-life of 8.02 days, which emits β radiation. For decades, it has been effectively and safely used in medicine. However, in the event of a nuclear accident, uncontrolled exposure can have harmful biological effects. The main sources of internal contamination with iodine-131 are contaminated air, food and water. The most exposed organ is the thyroid gland, where radioactive iodine accumulates via the Na+/I- symporter (NIS). NIS does not distinguish between radioactive iodine isotopes and the stable isotope iodine-127, which is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear accident is primarily associated with papillary thyroid cancer, whose incidence begins to increase a few years after exposure. Children and adolescents are at the highest risk, and the risk is particularly significant for individuals living in iodine-deficient areas. Ensuring an adequate iodine supply is therefore crucial for lowering the risk of the harmful effects of exposure to radioactive iodine at the population level. Protecting the thyroid with potassium iodide tablets significantly reduces radiation exposure, as stable iodine prevents the entry of radioactive iodine into the thyroid. Such protection is effective only within a narrow time window - a few hours before and after the exposure and is recommended only for those under 40 years of age, as the risks of excessive iodine intake outweigh the potential benefits in older individuals.

Tunable sulfur vacancies in amorphous-crystalline AC-Bi2S3-x@C derived from CAU-17 for efficient capture of radioiodine: Comparison of sulfur vacancies in amorphous and crystalline structures

Solid-phase adsorption has been recognized as an effective method for the control of volatile radioactive iodine in spent fuel reprocessing plant off-gases. However, it is still a challenge to develop efficient and stable iodine capture adsorbents. In this work, sulfur-vacancy-rich amorphous-crystalline AC-Bi2S3-x@C was prepared by solvothermal vulcanization using CAU-17 as a precursor. Based on the synergistic effect of the amorphous structure and sulfur vacancy defects, AC-Bi2S3-x@C exhibited fast adsorption equilibrium time (15 min), distinguished iodine adsorption capacity (1763.9 mg g−1), high percentage of chemical adsorption (93.4 %) as well as favorable thermal and irradiation stability. Adsorption experiments and theoretical calculations verified that the amorphous structure not only enhance the charge transfer between sulfur vacancy defects and iodine molecules, but also offers rapid diffusion channels for iodine molecules to the interior of the adsorbent and sufficient internal binding sites to promote iodine molecule adsorption in its interior. The used adsorbent showed high iodine retention (92.3 %) and excellent chemical durability (normalized iodine leaching rate of 4.63 × 10-5 g m−2 d-1) in glass solidification. In general, this work presented a new concept in the design and synthesis of efficient radioactive iodine capture materials.

Highly conductive and stable iodine doped argyrodite electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries

Lithium argyrodites with high ionic conductivity and low cost are considered as one of the most prospective solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries. However, the poor chemical stability and compatibility with lithium metal limit their application. Herein, Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.4I0.2 solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity of 11.49 mS cm−1 and improved chemical stability is synthesized by iodine doping. An ultra-thin Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.4I0.2 membrane with thickness of 10 μm can be obtained by wet coating process, exhibiting a high ionic conductivity of 2.09 mS cm−1 and low areal resistance of 1.17 Ω cm−2. Moreover, iodine doping could in-situ form LiI at the lithium/electrolyte interface and improve the critical current density of Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.6 from 0.8 to 1.35 mA cm−2. The resultant LiCoO2/Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.4I0.2/Li battery shows excellent cycling stability at 1 C, with a reversible specific capacity of 110.1 mA h g−1 and a retention of 80.5% after 1000 cycles. In addition, the assembled LiCoO2/Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.4I0.2 membrane/Li pouch cell delivers an initial discharge capacity of 110.4 mA h g−1 and 80.5% capacity retention after 100 cycles.

Antibacterial Iodine-Releasing Coatings of Cross-Linked Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) Synthesized by Solvent-Free Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition.

Biomaterial-associated infections caused by bacteria pose a great threat to human health, and therefore, various antibacterial coatings have been developed to control bacterial infections. Povidone iodine (PVP-I) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent without drug resistance to most pathogenic microorganisms and has been widely used in the clinic. However, its applications in the field of coatings are limited due to its strong water solubility. Here, we used initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) technique to synthesize cross-linked poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (PVE) coatings to firmly immobilize poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) on surfaces. After complexation with iodine, PVE-I coatings exhibited potent bacteria-killing and antifouling activities against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus in vitro owing to the antibacterial effect of iodine and the hydrophilicity of VP, respectively. The killing and antifouling effects were positively correlated with the VP content. The PVE-I-2 coating displayed excellent anti-infection performance in a rat subcutaneous implantation model in vivo. This study provided a simple method for preparing stable povidone iodine coatings on surfaces via solvent-free iCVD, and combined bacteria-killing and antifouling strategies to fabricate multifunctional antibacterial coatings against bacterial infections on biomaterial surfaces.

Organic carbon as a factor of iodine differentiation of the soil cover in the Bryansk and Oryol regions by iodine availability

The distribution of stable iodine and humus in the upper horizon (0–20 cm) of various types of soils of the Bryansk and Oryol regions used as pastures has been studied. Soil sampling was carried out with a hand stick drill in layers in the depth interval: 0–5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10–20 cm. Iodine content was determined by kinetic rhodanide-nitrite method. Corg content was determined by the bichromate method of Tyurin. The work includes data from both long-term studies of the iodine content in the soil cover of the Bryansk region (2008–2020) and new data from expeditionary studies in the Oryol region (2022). It is shown that the soils of the Bryansk pastures are depleted of iodine and organic carbon (OC) in comparison with the Oryol region, which corresponds to the change of soil cover composition from west to east. The humus content in soils was determined and statistically significant correlation between iodine and C org. content in pasture soils were obtained (from r = 0.28 in Chernozems to r = 0.49 in Haplic Albeluvisols; in addition, for the whole sample (n = 48) the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.31 in the 0–5 cm layer to 0.43 in the 10–20 cm layer). The dependence of iodine accumulation on the OC content in different types of soils (Chernozems, Grey-Luvic Phaeozems, Umbric Albeluvisols, Haplic Albeluvisols) and their hydromorphism has been established. The identified differences in soil iodine fixation should be considered as they may influence iodine intake levels in pasture animal milk and local rations.

Chelating Dual Interface for Efficient and Stable Crystal Growth and Iodine Defect Management in Sn-Pb Perovskite Solar Cells.

Suppressing Sn2+ oxidation and rationally controlling the crystallization process of tin-lead perovskite (Sn-Pb PVK) films by suitable bonding methods have emerged as key approaches to achieving efficient and stable Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, the chelating coordination is performed at the top and bottom interfaces of Sn-Pb PVK films. The chelation strength is stronger toward Sn2+ than Pb2+ by introducing oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) at the bottom interface. This difference in chelation strength resulted in a spontaneous gradient distribution of Sn/Pb within the perovskite layer during crystallization, particularly enhancing the enrichment of Sn2+ at the bottom interface and facilitating the extraction and separation of photogenerated charge carriers in PSCs. Simultaneously, this top-down distribution of gradually increasing Sn content slowed down the crystallization rate of Sn-Pb PVK films, forming higher-quality films. On the top interface of the PVK, trifluoroacetamidine (TFA) was used to inhibit the generation of iodine vacancies (VI) through chelating with surface-uncoordinated Pb2+/Sn2+, further passivating defects while suppressing the oxidation of Sn2+. Ultimately, the PSCs with simultaneous chelation at both top and bottom interfaces achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.31% and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) exceeding 0.90 V. The stability of unencapsulated target devices in different environments also improved.

Amino functionalization of porous aromatic frameworks for efficient and stable iodine adsorption

In view of the excellent stability, ultra-high specific surface area, and structural versatility, porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) have shown promising potential in gaseous iodine adsorption. Herein, PAF-1 and PAF-5 were synthesized with high specific surface areas. Amino groups as effective binding sites were introduced to these frameworks through post-modification, which facilitated a shift from simple physical adsorption of iodine vapor to a more robust chemical adsorption process. Meanwhile, PAF-6 was synthesized from nitrogen-rich monomers to demonstrate the role of N-binding site in iodine adsorption. PAF-6 exhibited the highest iodine adsorption capacity, verifying the critical role of N-adsorption active sites. The in situ synthesis of nitrogen-rich porous material show advantages over post-modification in creating effective iodine adsorbents. This work highlights the potential of PAFs as a promising material for the adsorption and fixation of radioactive iodine.

Impact of (nano ZnO/multi-wall CNTs) prepared by arc discharge method on the removal efficiency of stable iodine 127I and radioactive iodine 131I from water

Radioactive iodine isotopes especially 131I are used for diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancer diseases. Due to the leak of radioactive iodine into the patient’s urine in turn, the wastewater would be contaminated, so it is worth preparing a novel adsorption green material to remove the radioactive iodine from wastewater efficiently. The removal of 127I and 131I contaminants from aqueous solution is a problem of interest. Therefore, this work presents a new study for removing the stable iodine 127I− and radioactive iodine 131I from aqueous solutions by using the novel nano adsorbent (Nano ZnO/MWCNTs) which is synthesized by the arc discharge method. It is an economic method for treating contaminated water from undesired dissolved iodine isotopes. The optimal conditions for maximum removal are (5 mg/100 ml) as optimum dose with shacking (200 rpm) for contact time of (60 min), at (25 °C) in an acidic medium of (pH = 5). After the adsorption process, the solution is filtrated and the residual iodide (127I−) is measured at a maximum UV wavelength absorbance of 225 nm. The maximum adsorption capacity is (15.25 mg/g); therefore the prepared nano adsorbent (Nano ZnO/MWCNTs) is suitable for treating polluted water from low iodide concentrations. The adsorption mechanism of 127I− on to the surface of (Nano ZnO/MWCNTs) is multilayer physical adsorption according to Freundlich isotherm model and obeys the Pseudo-first order kinetic model. According to Temkin isotherm model the adsorption is exothermic. The removal efficiency of Nano ZnO/MWCNTs for stable iodine (127I−) from aqueous solutions has reached 97.23%, 89.75%, and 64.78% in case of initial concentrations; 0.1843 ppm, 0.5014 ppm and 1.0331 ppm, respectively. For the prepared radio iodine (131I−) solution of radioactivity (20 µCi), the dose of nano adsorbent was (10 mg/100 ml) and the contact time was (60 min) at (pH = 5) with shacking (200 rpm) at (25 °C). The filtration process was done by using a syringe filter of a pore size (450 nm) after 2 days to equilibrate. The removal efficiency reached (34.16%) after the first cycle of treatment and the percentage of residual radio iodine was (65.86%). The removal efficiency reached (94.76%) after five cycles of treatment and the percentage of residual radio iodine was (5.24%). This last percentage was less than (42.15%) which produces due to the natural decay during 10 days.

Review of iodine behavior from nuclear fuel dissolution to environmental release.

During nuclear fuel reprocessing, radioiodine, can be released. The speciation of iodine drives its volatility, and partitioning processes are highly variable because they depend on facility operating conditions. Starting from iodine behavior in the fuel and progressing to its behavior in the environment, this review article describes the current understanding of iodine partitioning during aqueous fuel reprocessing. This review outlines knowledge gaps and describes the effects of state-of-the-art reprocessing techniques on iodine speciation and volatility. Whereas many review articles have described iodine behavior during specific reprocessing steps, this review provides a holistic overview of radioiodine, from the forms of iodine in different types of irradiated fuel to the forms of iodine released into the environment. The resultant behavior of radioiodine compared with stable iodine in the environment is also described.

Highly stable and high performance iodine redox flow batteries using host–guest interaction of (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin additive

This study focuses on enhancing the stability of ARFBs using iodine as active material for the catholyte and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin as additive, to increase the solubility of I2 and activate the reaction of iodine to form the I3− ion.

ПАТОЛОГИЯ ЭНДОКРИННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ СРЕДИ ЖЕНЩИН, ОБЛУЧЕННЫХ ВО ВРЕМЯ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ ЗА СЧЕТ ИНКОРПОРАЦИИ ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗОЙ РАДИОАКТИВНОГО ЙОДА

This publication analyzes the long-term pathology associated with thyroid function in women who were pregnant in April 1986 and, as a result of the Chernobyl accident, received radiation due to the incorporation of radioactive iodine. The comparison group consisted of women living in the same region of Belarus, but whose pregnancy occurred after the decay of the iodine radioisotope. The age of women in both groups at the time of pregnancy was 22–24 years, the gestation period was 21–23 weeks. Due to the incorporation of radioactive iodine, an average absorbed dose of 60–80 mGy was generated. The incidence of endocrine system diseases in women was expressed mainly due to diseases of the thyroid gland, nutritional and metabolic disorders (obesity). The cumulative incidence in the main group was not much different from the incidence in the comparison group. Based on the data presented, a conclusion is made about the non-radiation nature of the identified pathology, which can be associated with an excess of stable iodine due to its intake from food and the use of iodine-containing medications during pregnancy.

Microbial involvement in iodine cycle: mechanisms and potential applications.

Stable iodine isotopes are essential for humans as they are necessary for producing thyroid gland hormones. However, there are hazardous radioactive iodine isotopes that are emitted into the environment through radioactive waste generated by nuclear power plants, nuclear weapon tests, and medical practice. Due to the biophilic character of iodine radionuclides and their enormous biomagnification potential, their elimination from contaminated environments is essential to prevent the spread of radioactive pollution in ecosystems. Since microorganisms play a vital role in controlling iodine cycling and fate in the environment, they also can be efficiently utilized in solving the issue of contamination spread. Thus, this paper summarizes all known on microbial processes that are involved in iodine transformation to highlight their prospects in remediation of the sites contaminated with radioactive iodine isotopes.

Transfer of 129I to freshwater fish species within Fukushima and Chernobyl exclusion zones

Unique data is reported on the transfer of 129I iodine from freshwaters to fish as well as the internal distribution within fish from the Fukushima and Chernobyl exclusion zones (ChEZ). Samples of water, sediments and fish were collected in the contaminated ponds Inkyozaka and Suzuuchi, and in the less contaminated Abukuma river in Fukushima, as well as in the contaminated Glubokoye lake and in the less contaminated Starukha lake in ChEZ. In water, 129I was mainly present as low molecular mass (LMM) and negatively charged species, while a minor fraction was associated with colloidal fraction, most probably organic material in water. The sediment-water 129I apparent distribution coefficients, Kd, ranged from 225 to 329 L/kg, equal that of stable iodine, but did not correlate with 129I/127I ratio or 129I/137Cs ratio as the environmental distribution of radioactive iodine was different from that of stable iodine and radioactive cesium. Concentration ratios (CR) of 129I in muscle of freshwater fish ranged from 85 to 544 across waterbodies with limited water exchange, similar in Fukushima and Chernobyl, but varied with respect to fish species. Thus, this is the first results on the transfer of 129I to freshwater fish, showing that the CR for freshwater fish is higher than CR reported for marine fish. Concentrations of 129I in fish muscle were, however, lower than in the intestinal content, indicating the influence of more contaminated dietary ingredients probably of terrestrial origin based due to δ13C signal on as well as of biodilution. The present results highlighted also that the radiation dose in fish was highly inhomogeneously distributed. Based on the present 129I/127I atomic ratio of 10−5 in the most contaminated fish in the ponds in Fukushima and Glubokoye lake in Chernobyl, however, a radiation dose of 10 μSv/y would not pose any harm to the fish population.

The Role of [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi in Functional Imaging of the Iodine-Loaded Thyroid Gland.

Due to high iodine loading from iodinated contrast media, the thyroid uptake of common radiopharmaceuticals ([99mTc]NaTcO4 and [123I]NaI) can be influenced up to 2 mo after administration. In such cases, and generally when differential diagnosis between productive and destructive thyrotoxicosis is necessary, [99mTc]Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy could be an option. This case highlights the role of [99mTc]Tc-sestamibi in the evaluation of thyrotoxicosis in a patient with a blocked thyroid gland as a result of stable iodine saturation.

Fractal dimension of pulmonary gas and blood distribution assessed by synchrotron K-edge subtraction imaging: effect of bronchoconstriction.

We analyzed the fractal dimension (Df) of lung gas and blood distribution imaged with synchrotron radiation K-edge subtraction (KES), in six anesthetized adult New Zealand White rabbits. KES imaging was performed in upright position during stable Xe gas (64% in O2) inhalation and iodine infusion (Iomeron, 350 mg/mL), respectively, at baseline and after induced bronchoconstriction by aerosolized methacholine (125 mg/mL, 90 s) and bronchodilator (salbutamol, 10 mg/mL, 90 s) inhalation, at two axial image levels. Lung Xe and iodine images were segmented, and maps of regional lung gas and blood fractions were computed. The Df of lung gas (DfXe) and blood (DfIodine) distribution was computed based on a log-log plot of variation coefficient as a function of region volume. DfXe decreased significantly during bronchoconstriction (P < 0.0001), and remained low after salbutamol. DfIodine depended on the axial image level (P < 0.0001), but did not change with bronchoconstriction. DfXe was significantly associated with arterial [Formula: see text] (R = 0.67, P = 0.002), and negatively associated with [Formula: see text] (R = -0.62, P = 0.006), respiratory resistance (R = -0.58, P = 0.011), and elastance (R = -0.55, P = 0.023). These data demonstrate the reduced Df of gas distribution during acute bronchoconstriction, and the association of this parameter with physiologically meaningful variables. This finding suggests a decreased complexity and space-filling properties of lung ventilation during bronchoconstriction, and could serve as a functional imaging biomarker in obstructive airway diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we used an energy-subtractive imaging technique to assess the fractal dimension (Df) of lung gas and blood distribution and the effect of acute bronchoconstriction. We found that Df of gas significantly decreases in bronchoconstriction. Conversely, Df of blood exhibits gravity-dependent changes only, and is not affected by acute bronchoconstriction. Our data show that the fractal dimension of lung gas detects the emergence of clustered rather than scattered loss of ventilatory units during bronchoconstriction.

The effect of exposure on cattle thyroid after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident

Nuclear plant accidents can be a risk for thyroid cancer due to iodine radioisotopes. Near the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, cattle were exposed to radiation after the accident occurred in May 2011. Here we estimated the total radiation exposure to cattle thyroid and its effects on thyroid function. Until October 2016, the estimated external exposure dose in Farm A was 1416 mGy, while internal exposure dose of 131I, 134Cs, and 137Cs were 85, 8.8, and 9.7 mGy in Farm A and 34, 0.2, and 0.3 mGy in Farm B, respectively. The exposed cattle had thyroid with relatively lower weight and lower level of stable iodine, which did not exhibit any pathological findings. Compared with the control, the plasma level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was higher in Farm A cattle born before the accident, while the plasma thyroxine (T4) was higher in Farm A cattle born after the accident, suggesting that exposed cattle showed slight hyperactivation of the thyroid gland. In addition, Farm A cattle have higher level of cortisol, one of the anterior pituitary gland-derived hormones. However, we did not observe a causal relationship between the radiation exposure and cattle thyroid.

Azidation with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

AbstractIn this short review, we describe applications of hypervalent iodine reagents for the azidation of organic compounds from seminal publications to the most recent reports. After reviewing selected examples of azidations based on the use of in situ formed unstable non-cyclic reagents, we focus in more detail on stable cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents. Important advances in the azidation of C–H bonds, alkenes, as well as other transformations are described. Rather than being comprehensive, we highlight selected key reports that, in our opinion, especially contributed to the advancement of research in the field.1 Introduction2 Non-Cyclic λ3-Iodanes3 Heterocyclic λ3-Iodanes3.1 Azidation of Aliphatic C–H Bonds3.2 Azidation of Alkenes3.3 Other Azidations4 Conclusion and Outlook

Determinants of target absorbed dose in radionuclide therapy

In radionuclide therapy, activity kinetics in tissues determine the absorbed doses administered and thus efficacy and side effects of treatment. The objective of this work was to derive expressions for the parameters affecting the absorbed dose to a target tissue for first-order activity kinetics.The activity uptake results from contributions from the first-pass activity flow through the target tissue preceding systemic equilibration and uptake after distribution of the administered compound in the body. The absorbed dose from uptake after equilibration is the product of the mean energy deposited per decay in the target tissue, the time integral of the plasma activity concentration, the plasma volume flow per unit target tissue mass, the probability of activity removal during passage, and the mean lifetime of activity in the target tissue.Quantitative analysis of the determinants of absorbed dose exemplarily for radioiodine therapy indicates that the high uptake often observed in Graves’ disease must be associated with high tissue perfusion and removal probability and that administration of stable iodine increases mean lifetime. For therapies with long residence times of the active compound in the blood, such as radioiodine therapy, the contribution of the first-pass is small compared with uptake after equilibration. The relative first-pass contribution is higher for agents that are rapidly eliminated from the blood pool, such as radiolabelled somatostatin analogues, and may dominate after arterial application.Understanding the determining parameters in radionuclide therapy reveals dose-limiting factors and opens up opportunities to optimise and individualize therapy, potentially improving treatment success rates.

PSAT297 Subacute Thyroiditis Following COVID-19 Vaccination

Abstract Introduction Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) precipitated by COVID-19 infection has been documented in the literature. However, we are now seeing patients develop SAT following the COVID 19 vaccine. Vaccine-related SAT have been reported in the literature, such as in the SARS vaccine. There are now several COVID-19 vaccines being used with benefits on morbidity and mortality. The mechanism of action leading to SAT from the vaccine has not been deciphered, however there are some theories. Here we present a case of COVID-19 vaccine-related SAT. Case 42-year-old Caucasian gentleman with no past medical history, presented to the Endocrinology clinic with anterior neck pain around his thyroid area that started 3 days after his 2nd Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. He described the pain as severe enough to wake him up from sleep. No weight loss, palpitation, heat intolerance or tremors. No prior exposure to stable iodine or radiation treatment. He takes no medications. He denies tobacco or alcohol use. Initial thyroid labs showed a T3 2.8 (2.5 - 4.4 pg/mL), T4 1.4 (0.61 - 1.44 ng/dL), TSH 1.4 (0.45 - 5.33 uIU/mL), TPO antibodies positive, thyroglobulin Ab undetectable, sedimentation rate of 42 (&amp;lt;30 mm/Hr). Ultrasound of the neck showed 1.7-centimeter TIRADS 4 nodules in the left lobe, and 0.9 cm on the right. The patient was noticing a discomfort in the right side of the neck. He was also having swallowing difficulties, low-grade fever, body ache, night sweats and unintentional weight loss. Though he initially presented with thyroid labs that were within the normal reference range, by the time he repeated them one month later, he was hyperthyroid. He was started on prednisone 20 mg and NSAID. At 2 weeks follow-up, his pain and swallowing difficulty have significantly improved. Over time, the patient's thyroid labs normalized and the pain in the neck subsided, repeat neck US 5 months later showed decreased nodule size. Steroids was stopped. Discussion The common side effects COVID-19 vaccines include pain in the injected site, skin reactions, flu-like symptoms, headache, fatigue and fever. SAT following viral vaccines has been reported previously. The association between SAT and COVID-19 vaccination has come to medical attention more recently due to widespread vaccinations. The mechanism for post-vaccination SAT remains unknown. However, adjuvants contained in vaccines may play a role in producing diverse autoimmune and inflammatory responses and the potential for cross-reactivity between the coronavirus spike protein target produced by the mRNA vaccine and healthy thyroid cells antigens. This case exemplifies the need to know about SAT and COVID 19 vaccine so that clinicians can advise patients to seek medical assistance if experiencing anterior neck pain, extended fever or palpitation so that they are treated properly and in a timely fashion. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.