Alignment Stability Research Articles

A self-assembled polyimide layer based on graphene quantum dots for ultrafast switching of liquid crystals

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with a large specific surface area, wide emission spectrum, and low toxicity are advantageous for biomedical and optoelectronic applications. Here, we present a facile method to simultaneously provide ultrafast electro-optical switching and strong vertical anchoring of liquid crystals (LCs) using interfacial self-assembly between alkylated GQDs and polyimide (PI) layers in a closed LC device. The newly fabricated self-assembled PI layer with alkylated GQDs were simply fabricated by doping GQDs into the LC medium, and induced a stable and uniform homeotropic alignment of LCs. Moreover, this self-assembled layer provided a superfast switching speed for the device.

Emission spectroscopy of NaYF4:Eu nanorods optically trapped by Fresnel lens fibers

NaYF 4 : Eu nanorods with high aspect ratios are elaborated and optically trapped using dual fiber optical tweezers in a counterpropagating geometry. High trapping efficiency is observed using converging beams, emitted from diffractive Fresnel lenses directly 3D printed onto cleaved fiber facets. Stable nanorod trapping and alignment are reported for a fiber-to-fiber distance of 200 μm and light powers down to 10 mW. Trapping of nanorod clusters containing one to three nanorods and the coupling of nanorod motion in both axial and transverse directions are considered and discussed. The europium emission is studied by polarization-resolved spectroscopy with particular emphasis on the magnetic and electric dipole transitions. The respective σ and π orientations of the different emission lines are determined. The angles with respect to the nanorod axes of the corresponding magnetic and electric dipoles are calculated. Mono-exponential emission decay with decay time of 4–5 ms is reported. It is shown that the nanorod orientation can be determined by purely spectroscopic means.

The phonetic realization of Russian pitch accents in contrastive questions and enumeration contexts

This paper presents the results of a phonetic experiment that compares the acoustic features of rising pitch configurations used in contrastive questions and on non-last elements of a list in enumeration contexts in Russian. 23 native Russian speakers were instructed to read aloud pairs of stimuli with similar segmental structure embedded in larger texts. Significant differences were found between the two syntactic context conditions. In enumeration contexts, both local minima and maxima associated with the prominent syllable had a significantly earlier and more stable alignment, and the slope of the rise between the tonal targets was steeper. In addition, the effect of the speech rate on these acoustic features was tested. The effects of fast and slow reading turned out to be asymmetric. In line with the segmental anchoring hypothesis, no significant effect of fast speech rate on alignment and pitch range was found; only the effect on slope was significant. Conversely, while reading the texts intentionally slowly the participants consistently used melodies with later alignment of local minima and maxima and larger pitch range. On the one hand, these data can be indicative of the interchangeability of stylistically marked pitch accent postulated for the incompleteness contexts in traditional descriptions of Russian intonation. On the other hand, this interpretation cannot account for the fact that the rightward shift in alignment in slow tempo was also found in the contrastive question condition.

Practical Evaluation Method for the Pouring Scheme of a Long‐Span Concrete‐Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridge

Concrete pouring steel tube arch is a critical part in the construction of a long‐span concrete‐filled steel tube arch bridge. With the adoption of the improved TOPSIS, this study summarized five indicators that controlled the concrete‐filled steel tube pouring sequence. The indicators include the vertical displacement of the arch rib, lateral offset of the arch rib, steel tube stress, concrete stress, and elastic safety factor of the arch rib. Furthermore, a comprehensive objective function‐rationalization index was proposed, based on which a practical evaluation and determination method for pouring scheme of the long‐span concrete‐filled steel tube arch bridge was developed. The results showed that a pouring sequence with relatively small stress in the arch rib, advanced alignment, and good stability could be determined using the proposed method.

Powers that Be? Political Alignment, Government Formation, and Government Stability

Powers that Be? Political Alignment, Government Formation, and Government Stability

Electro-optic crosslinkable chromophores with ultrahigh electro-optic coefficients and long-term stability.

The development of organic electro-optic materials with ultrahigh electro-optic coefficients and high long-term alignment stability is the most challenging topic in this field. Next-generation crosslinkable nonlinear optical chromophore molecular glasses were developed to address this problem. A highly stable EO system including crosslinkable binary chromophores QLD1 and QLD2 or crosslinkable single chromophore QLD3 and multichromophore QLD4 with large hyperpolarizability was synthesized using tetrahydroquinoline as the donor. When the temperature continues to rise after poling, the chromophores modified with anthracene and acrylate can undergo Diels-Alder crosslinking reaction to fix the oriented chromophores through chemical bonds. After crosslinking, the QLD1/QLD2 and QLD2/QLD4 films achieved very high maximum r 33 values of 327 and 373 pm V-1, respectively, which are the highest values reported for crosslinkable chromophore systems. After Diels-Alder cycloaddition, the glass transition temperature of the EO film increased by ∼90 °C to 185 °C, which is higher than for any other pure chromophore films. After being annealed at 85 °C, 99.63% of the initial r 33 value could be maintained for over 500 h. The ultrahigh electro-optic activity and high long-term alignment stability of these materials showed new breakthroughs in organic EO materials for practical device explorations.

Serklaj Kablolamada Farklı Subtrokanterik Kemik Kırılma Açılarının Biyomekanik Karşılaştırılması: Sonlu Eleman Çalışması

Cerclage wires are regularly hired as fixation gear to resource reposition, enhance alignment and growth fixation stability. In specific femoral shaft, subtrochanteric and periprosthetic fractures gain from cerclage fixation. Also in supracondylar femoral shaft fractures, extra cord cerclages proved to be extra than only a reposition device and accelerated the general power of the osteosynthesis construct. This study tests for the stabilizing effect of different bone fracture angles in with cerclage. Cerclage fixation of a oblique fractures were tested with fracture angles (45°, 55°, 65°). Construct stiffness and displacements were investigated under static loads and compared to the different bone fracture angles. With each of the tested bone fractures, stiffness wasn't significantly for a compare angles. Most reduction in fracture gap movement was achieved by 65° fracture angle, followed by 55° and 45° fractures. 
 All cerclage wire fixation were generally superior with reduced fracture movements whereas in 65 degree fracture showing the greatest stabilizing effect. Cerclage wire application has emerged as a potential therapeutic for subtrochanteric fractures.

Do orthodontic fixed retainers guarantee the stability of dental alignment at the end of orthodontic treatment?

Data sources Electronic searches of studies on orthodontic retainers were conducted up to 12 February 2021 in four electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and PubMed. Only studies in English language were included.Study selection Only clinical studies were included. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were reported. The initial search identified 117 results. After removing duplicate studies, studies were evaluated against the inclusion criteria. Finally, 21 papers were included. Selection of the studies was performed independently by two reviewers. The included studies assessed the effects of the type of orthodontic wire or fibre splint, the material used to bond it to the teeth and the procedure for bonding on the failure rate of the fixed orthodontic retainers.Data extraction and synthesis Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. They followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. The following items were extracted: authors, year, type of study, study objective, number of subjects, comparison made, outcome measured and results. Three tools were used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies including the revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials (RoB 2), the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case-control studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form for Cohort Studies. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model.Results Twenty-one studies were included in the qualitative analysis while seven studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The included studies were three retrospective cohort studies, two case-controlled studies and 16 randomised clinical studies. The results showed that the failure rate of orthodontic fixed retainers ranged from 7.3% to 50%. Failure rates of fixed retainers placed in the maxilla were higher than those placed in the mandible. Previous failure increased the risk of repeat failure. Adhesive failure was considered the most common type of bond failure that was observed in fixed lingual retainers. The type of wire or splint has no effect on the failure rate. Results showed that retainers bonded to all teeth were more efficient in maintaining alignment when compared to retainers bonded on the teeth on the ends only. Indirect bonding techniques have no advantage over direct bonding techniques except for shorter chair time. Bonding fibre-reinforced composite retainers were more sensitive to operator skills, hence failure rates would be high if an incorrect technique was used when bonding.Conclusions No fixed retainer can guarantee the stability of alignment stability after orthodontic treatment. Retainers that are bonded to all teeth are preferable to those bonded only at the ends of the wire. Wires and fibre splints were similar regarding failure rates and stability of alignment.

Innovative Substrate-Integrated Hollow Waveguide Coupled Attenuated Total Reflection Sensors for Quantum Cascade Laser Based Infrared Spectroscopy in Harsh Environments.

An innovative mid-infrared spectroscopic sensor system based on quantum cascade lasers has been developed. The system combines the versatility of substrate-integrated hollow waveguides (IHWGs) with the robustness of attenuated total reflection (ATR) crystals employed as internal reflection waveguides for evanescent field sensing. IHWGs are highly reflective metal structures that propagate infrared (IR) radiation and were used as light pipes for coupling radiation into the ATR waveguide. The combined IHWG-ATR device has been designed such that the utmost stability and robustness of the optical alignment were ensured. This novel assembly enables evanescent field absorption measurements at yet unprecedently harsh conditions, that is, high pressure and temperature. Combining these advantages, this innovative sensor assembly is perfectly suited for taking ATR spectroscopy into the field where the robustness of the assembly and optical alignment is essential.

Percutaneous Treatment With Bridge Plate and Extra-articular Screws in Low-Energy and High-Energy Lisfranc Injuries

Although there is no consensus regarding surgical treatment of unstable sprains and fractures dislocations of the Lisfranc complex, both anatomic reduction, proper alignment and adequate stabilization of the tarsometatarsal columns are essential when looking for good results. With the advent of minimally invasive surgery, and bearing in mind that the percentages of complications and sequelae despite the good results in reduction quality are still important, we aim to show the clinical and radiographic results over 1-year follow-up obtained by indirect reduction and percutaneous fixation with bridge plate and extra-articular screws in a series of patients with low-energy and high-energy Lisfranc lesions. Eleven patients were operated upon diagnosed with acute tarsometatarsal joint injuries, which showed unstable sprains and/or fracture dislocation with partial articular fracture and a minimum of 1-year follow up. The average age was 30.7 years. The results of the postoperative tomographic controls were as follows: residual joint step average of 0.2 mm, 0.45, and 0 mm in first cuneiform-base of first metatarsal, second cuneiform-base of second metatarsal and third cuneiform-base of third metatarsal, respectively. Anatomical reduction was obtained in the majority of our patients with very good functional results in the evaluated period. Although this is an ongoing investigation, we believe that this method could be taken into account in properly selected patients, even in high-energy injuries. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Pathoanatomy of the Anterolateral Tibial Fragment in Ankle Fractures.

The anterior distal tibial tubercle provides attachment to the anterior tibiofibular syndesmosis. It may be considered a fourth, or anterior, malleolus (AM). Fractures of the AM may extend into the tibial incisura and tibial plafond. The purpose of this study was to analyze the pathoanatomy of AM fractures and associated ankle injuries. One hundred and forty patients (median age, 61.0 years) with a total of 140 acute malleolar fractures (OTA/AO 44) involving the anterolateral distal tibial rim were analyzed with computed tomography (CT) imaging. All components of the malleolar fractures were analyzed and classified. Fracture patterns were compared with those of all patients with malleolar fractures treated during the same 9-year period. Patients with fractures of the tibial pilon (OTA/AO 43) and patients <18 years of age were excluded. Of the 140 AM fractures, 52.9% were classified as type 1 (extra-articular avulsion); 35.7%, type 2 (incisura and plafond involvement); and 11.4%, type 3 (impaction of the anterolateral plafond). The fibula was fractured in 87.1%; the medial malleolus, in 66.4%; and the posterior malleolus, in 68.6%. An isolated AM fracture was seen in 4.3%. The size of the AM fractures correlated negatively with that of the posterior malleolar fractures. The proportion of pronation-abduction fractures increased and the proportion of supination-external rotation fractures decreased as the type of AM fracture increased. A fracture involving the AM occurred in 12.6% of all ankle fractures and occurred significantly more frequently in pronation-type injuries and elderly patients. No supination-adduction fractures with AM involvement were seen. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the proposed classification of the AM fractures was 0.961 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.933 to 0.980) for interobserver agreement and 0.941 (95% CI = 0.867 to 0.974) for intraobserver agreement. Knowledge of the 3D pathoanatomy of AM fractures and associated malleolar fractures may help with surgical decision-making and planning. CT imaging should be employed generously in the diagnosis of complex ankle fractures, in particular with pronation-type injuries. Depending on the individual 3D fracture pattern, fixation of displaced anterolateral distal tibial fragments potentially contributes to the restoration of joint congruity, tibiofibular alignment, and syndesmotic stability in complex malleolar fractures.

Proton Conductive Composite Membranes with Stable Anisotropic Though-Plane Conductivity: A New Preparation Approach

In common PEMFCs, a polymer electrolyte membrane selectively conducts protons but blocks passage of electrons and reactants. Nafion, current benchmark membrane material, offers a superior conductivity owing to unique morphology comprising randomly oriented elongated ionic nanochannels within a Teflon-like matrix. Nanochannel orientation is a promising approach to enhance Nafion conductivity, yet there has been no facile method to induce a strong and stable alignment within membranes in the most desired through-plane (TP) direction.Here we report a novel and facile preparation approach based on dual electrospun Nafion-PVDF nanofiber composite that yields a stable TP alignment. The preparation starts from electrospinning of a mixed fiber mat, which is subsequently converted to a solid membrane by plunging the mat into a thin slit. Due to extreme thinness, the electrospun nanofiber readily buckle into a folded structure, thereby a strong inherent microscopic channel orientation within nanofibers is readily converted to macroscopic TP channel alignment. Ultimately, the folded nanofibers fuse, consolidating the membrane.A pronounced TP alignment of ion channels in the membranes, sustaining fusion and annealing, is demonstrated using TEM and SAXS. The analysis also highlights the importance of PVDF fiber as a stabilizing and confining component. Electrospun PVDF fibers within consolidated Nafion-PVDF composite preserve channel orientation upon annealing both in TP and in-plane (IP) aligned membranes, while pure Nafion membranes, similarly prepared from electrospun Nafion fibers, rapidly lose structural anisotropicity. Finally, the impedance measurements demonstrate highly anisotropic conductivity of both TP- and IP-aligned membranes, consistent with their anisotropic structure. Thus, measured TP conductivity of TP-aligned 46% Nafion composite is nearly three times its IP conductivity and about 70% that of Nafion 212, thereby the conductivity normalized to Nafion content exceeds that of pure Nafion. The approach, still leaving much room for optimization, holds potential to advance PEMFC technology by overcoming current limitations and fully utilizing advantageous features of Nafion membranes. Figure 1

Template-assisted interfacial self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)-based triblock copolymers for automatic control of molecular alignment

Hierarchical self-assembled nanoarchitectures based on peculiar self-assembly of block copolymers are advantageous for the nanofabrication of functionally versatile materials with a wide range of potential applications from bioelectronic devices to flexible displays. Herein, we developed a simple yet efficient, cost-effective, scalable strategy for the fabrication of an ultrafast responsive and highly reliable self-constructed polymer nanolayer for automatic control of molecular alignment by using the template-assisted interfacial self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)-based triblock copolymers. A new type of ultrathin polymer nanolayer was facilely fabricated on polar electrode surface using simple doping in liquid crystal (LC) medium and in situ interfacial self-assembly of a small amount of amphiphilic triblock copolymers in the closed LC cell. A hydrophobic and ultrathin polymer nanolayer with dense nanoneedle arrays formed by interfacial hydrogen bonding between hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) block and hydrophilic indium tin oxide electrode induces a spontaneous homeotropic alignment of LCs during programmed self-assembly process. Moreover, this facile approach endows the polymer nanolayer with ultrafast electro-optical switching and high molecular alignment force characteristics, as well as an excellent alignment stability during long-term operation. Compared to commercial polyimide layer, our polymer nanolayer accomplishes the ultrafast falling response time with an improvement of 55.3% and fast rising response time with a reduction of 36.4%.

Polyimide-free liquid crystal devices with carbon nanotube-based electrodes

A novel type of polyimide-free liquid crystal (LC) device has been fabricated using layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of carbon nanotube-based electrodes and in situ formation of self-aligning amphiphilic graft copolymer layer. The LBL-processed organic electrodes showed high transparency comparable to indium tin oxide (ITO) and the self-aligned layer of amphiphilic graft copolymer on organic electrodes provided a stable vertical alignment of LCs. Moreover, the proposed LC device resulted in voltage-dependent driving characteristics suitable for display application. This functional organic electrode layer has potential for application in a flexible display to replace conventional ITO electrode and polyimide alignment layer.

Management of patients with small-angle esotropia and subnormal stereopsis using Fresnel prism.

Monofixation syndrome (MFS) is a specific subnormal binocular vision status, either with or without a small deviation. Patients with MFS have a tendency to maintain stable ocular alignment. Correction of refractive errors and occlusion are considered as treatment option for amblyopia, and the status of MFS could be changed with long-term follow-up. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a Fresnel prism affected the visual acuity, angle of deviation, and sensory status in small-angle esotropia with subnormal stereopsis presenting with MFS features. Patients with small-angle esotropia within 8 prism diopters (PD) on the simultaneous prism and cover test from 2010 to 2019 were reviewed. Patients with subnormal stereopsis defined as more than 100 s of arc (arcsec) and with the central suppression with peripheral fusion were only included. A Fresnel prism was applied to the dominant eye, and the minimum follow-up period after Fresnel prism treatment was 24months. We assessed patient clinical characteristics, course and response to therapy including visual acuity, angle of deviation, and stereopsis. Twenty patients with a mean age of 5.5 ± 1.4years were included. The mean duration of Fresnel prism treatment was 15.3 ± 10.3months. After 50.7 ± 17.2months of follow-up, VA of the non-dominant eye was changed from 0.26 ± 0.20 logMAR to 0.07 ± 0.17 logMAR (P < .001). The initial stereoacuities were 3.54 ± 0.27 log arcsec, ranged from 6000 to 400 arcsec. After the treatment with Fresnel prism, the final stereoacuities were 3.09 ± 0.58 log arcsec, ranged from 6000 to 100 arcsec (P = .001); nine patients (45%) improved stereoacuity more than two octaves. No changes in the angle of deviation or a change of fixation were observed. After use of Fresnel prism, there was some improvement in visual acuity and stereopsis in patients with MFS features. Following occlusion and refractive correction, management using Fresnel prism could be attempted in small-angle esotropic patients with amblyopia or subnormal stereopsis.

Alignment of a flexible platelike particle in shear flow: Effect of surface slip and edges

Rigid plate-like particles displaying interfacial slip can attain a constant orientation in a shear flow when the slip length is sufficiently large. But actual thin particles such as single-layer graphene are prone to bending deformations when exposed to shear stress. To study the effect of bending deformation on the particle's stable orientation, we develop a two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction model. We find that (i) a stable alignment occurs even for relatively flexible particles, and that (ii) edges effects on the shape of the plate are important for values of the length-to-thickness aspect ratio as large as 100.

Characteristics of Patients with Accommodative Esotropia Who Need Glasses for Stable Alignment after Myopic Shift

Purpose: We analyzed the characteristics of patients with refractive accommodative esotropia (RAET) who required glasses for stable alignment after a myopic shift.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients diagnosed with RAET at the initial visit, and who had developed a myopic shift in both eyes over the 5-year follow-up period. To evaluate clinical factors associated with the persistence of esotropia after myopia, the enrolled patients were divided into two groups; patients with RAET who needed glasses for stable alignment after a myopic shift (unstable group) and patients with RAET whose esotropia resolved after a myopic shift (stable group).Results: A total of 55 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up period was 13.8 ± 5.7 years (5-27 years). Spherical equivalent (SE) refractive errors at the initial visit were +3.1 ± 1.6 diopters (D) (+1.00 to +7.25 D) and -1.5 ± 0.9 D (-4.38 to -0.5 D) at the last visit. Of the 55 RAET patients, 24 were included in the unstable group and 31 were included in the stable group. No significant differences in gender, age at diagnosis, SE refractive error, or angle of esotropia with glasses were observed between the two groups. However, significantly more patients failed the Lang I test or had anisometropia over 1.5 D at the last visit, and the duration between the onset of esotropia and prescribing glasses was significantly longer in the unstable group than in the stable group.Conclusions: Glasses may be needed for stable alignment even after a myopic shift in RAET patients with long durations of misalignment, poor stereopsis, and anisometropia.

Electrospun Ion-Conducting Composite Membrane with Buckling-Induced Anisotropic Through-Plane Conductivity.

Fuel cell (FC) is an attractive green alternative for today's fuel combustion systems. In common FCs, a polymer electrolyte membrane selectively conducts protons but blocks the passage of electrons and fuel. Nafion, the current benchmark membrane material, has a superior conductivity owing to unique morphology comprising randomly oriented elongated ionic nanochannels within its Teflon-like matrix. Channel orientation enhances Nafion conductivity, yet there has been no facile method to induce a stable alignment in the desired through-plane (TP) direction. Here, we report an approach based on dual electrospun Nafion-PVDF nanofiber composites that yields a stable TP alignment. It utilizes extreme thinness and strong inherent orientation within electrospun nanofibers, which is readily converted to TP alignment by plunging an electrospun nanofiber mat into a thin slit, resulting in nanofiber buckling and subsequent consolidation. Using TEM and SAXS, we demonstrate a pronounced and sustained TP ion channel orientation in prepared membranes, yielding a highly anisotropic swelling and conductivity exceeding that of bulk Nafion when normalized to Nafion content. The analysis also highlights the importance of PVDF as a stabilizing component, preserving orientation upon annealing, while a similarly prepared pure Nafion membrane loses anisotropy. The approach holds potential to advance the FC technology by overcoming current limitations of ionomeric membranes.

Stability Design of Air Vibration Isolation Device for a High Power Density Main Engine

In order to improve the alignment stability of the air vibration isolation device of a high-powered main engine, we established a mechanical model for the air vibration isolation system and analyzed the alignment deviation of the device and the vibration decoupling conditions of the system. Additionally, an optimized design method for the dual-direction support of the air vibration isolators positioned symmetrically on the main engine was proposed. The resultant design showed that when compared to the conventional inclined support of air springs for the main engines onboard ships, the dual-direction support design proposed in this paper for air vibration isolation could eliminate the adverse effect of the output torque reaction on the alignment of the main engine and decouple the system to reduce the number of peaks in the frequency response of vertical force transmission. The optimized design could effectively improve the alignment performance of the device for tilted or swinging operating conditions and maintain the good alignment stability of the device when a single vertical support air spring fails. A single vertical support air spring failure mainly affects the stability of the main engine under the reaction of the output torque, especially the air springs arranged in the corner, while the air springs arranged in the middle have no effect. The optimized design could also improve the vibration isolation performance. This is important for the design of air spring vibration isolation devices for high power density main engines.

Longitudinal Rehabilitation of Binocular Function in Adolescent Intermittent Exotropia After Successful Corrective Surgery.

PurposeTo study the longitudinal rehabilitation of binocular visual function in adolescent intermittent exotropia (IXT) after successful surgery and compare the results with those of a normal population. The role of binocular function in ocular alignment stability was also evaluated postoperatively.MethodsIn this prospective study, 30 adolescents with IXT successfully corrected after 1 month were followed for 12 months, and 30 children with normal vision were enrolled as controls. Stereopsis, the fusional vergence amplitude, sensory fusion, and accommodative flexibility were measured to assess binocular function at baseline and 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The controls were tested once when they were enrolled in the study.ResultsThe deviation was −32.00 ± 8.60 prism diopters (PD) at distance fixation and −36.0 ± 9.10 PD at near fixation preoperatively with an average correction of 28.53 ± 3.79 PD and 30.67 ± 1.34 PD at 1 month postoperatively. Distance stereoacuity and near stereoacuity improved from 1 to 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.025 and p = 0.041, respectively). Compared with the controls, the fusional convergence reserve at distance (p = 0.025) and near (p = 0.033) fixations and fusion reserve ratio at distance (p = 0.000) and near (p = 0.000) fixations remained subnormal, whereas sensory fusion (p = 0.237), distance stereopsis (p = 0.120), and the fusional divergence amplitude at a distance (p = 0.168) were normal. However, no significant correlations were found between binocular functions at 1 month postoperatively and the postoperative drift.ConclusionBinocular function significantly improved from before to after successful corrective surgery and continued to improve from 1 to 12 months postoperatively in adolescents with IXT. No significant correlations were found between binocular functions at 1 month postoperatively and ocular alignment stability.