Alignment Stability Research Articles

Micro-integrated crossed-beam optical dipole trap system with long-term alignment stability for mobile atomic quantum technologies

Quantum technologies extensively use laser light for state preparation, manipulation, and readout. For field applications, these systems must be robust and compact, driving the need for miniaturized and highly stable optical setups and system integration. In this work, we present a micro-integrated crossed-beam optical dipole trap setup, the µXODT, designed for trapping and cooling 87Rb. This fiber-coupled setup operates at 1064 nm wavelength with up to 2.5 W optical power and realizes a free-space crossed beam geometry. The µXODT precisely overlaps two focused beams (w0 ≈ 33 µm) at their waists in a 45° crossing angle, achieving a position difference of ≤3.4 µm and a 0.998 power ratio between both beams with long-term stability. We describe the design and assembly process in detail, along with optical and thermal tests with temperatures of up to 65 °C. The system’s volume of 25 ml represents a reduction of more than two orders of magnitude compared to typically used macroscopic setups while demonstrating exceptional mechanical robustness and thermal stability. The µXODT is integrated with an 87Rb 3D MOT setup, trapping 3 × 105 atoms from a laser-cooled atomic cloud, and has shown no signs of degradation after two years of operation.

Physical and electrochemical performances of novel tellurium composite films as anode applications in energy storage systems

Portable electronic devices and electric cars use lithium-ion batteries, but clumping lithium alloys limit their lifespan. Due to their strong electronic conductivity, volumetric capacity, and high energy density, researchers are conducting research on electrochemical metal cells utilizing tellurium for high-performance batteries. Theoretically, lithium-tellurium batteries can improve energy densities three times more than lithium-ion batteries. However, metal-tellurium faces challenges such as low rate capability, unclear redox reactions, intermediate dissolution, and electrode volume changes. This study explores the enhancement of the energy storage capacity of next-generation batteries by fabricating coated electrode films as novel anodes from tellurium, silicon, and graphene. Physical, thermal, and morphological analysis of composite material are investigated by XRD, TEM, TGA, DSC, SEM, UV, and XPS analyses, revealing its rigidity as well as durability through its crystal structure alignment and thermal stability. In electrochemical analysis (CV) at various scan rates, samples that exhibit consistent and high specific capacity (Cp) values at different scan speeds (25, 50, and 100 mV/s) indicate excellent ability to store and maintain charge. Decreasing Cp values with increasing scan rates indicate that the speed of cycling limits the charge transfer kinetics and electrode performance. In EIS, the charge transfer resistances (Rct) for the pure Te, Te + Gr, Te + Si + Gr, and Te + Si samples are 759.07 Ω, 4.21 Ω, 36.39 Ω, and 164.90 Ω, respectively. The Te + Gr sample has the lowest Rct, indicating the best charge transfer efficiency at the electrode contact, whereas the Te + Si + Gr sample has a comparatively lower Rct, indicating better charge transfer kinetics. The combined result exhibits the synergistic impact of tellurium, silicon, and graphene in enhancing the energy storage capacity of future batteries across the industry.

Achieving a Strong and Straight Septal Extension Graft: A Novel Four-step Surgical Approach in Rhinoplasty.

Septal extension grafts allow the precise elongation of the nasal septum to attain facial harmony and optimize aesthetic outcomes. In this context, septal surgery requires meticulous design to address both functional and aesthetic goals. Traditional septoplasty techniques often overlook aesthetic considerations and postoperative nasal structural stability, resulting in unresolved or recurrent deviations, nose tip drooping, and obstruction recurrences. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, achieving simultaneous septal alignment and long-term stability remains a significant challenge. This study introduces a systematic 4-step technique. The procedure encompasses caudal septum liberation, placement of the septum extension cartilage graft, positioning of an ethmoidal bone graft, and redefinition through an intermediate cartilage. A retrospective analysis of outcomes involving 753 patients was conducted with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. During follow-up visits, 1.73% of cases exhibited residual columellar asymmetry, and 0.66% showed tip asymmetries. The infection rate was 0.40%, with no cases of tip drop identified. The overall satisfaction rating on the Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation questionnaire at 12 months postoperative was 9.3. The technique provides a systematic approach to integrate functional and aesthetic objectives, emphasizing septal stability and alignment while concurrently addressing tip projection and stability. The study provides comprehensive insights into the principles, methodology, and advantages of this rhinoplasty technique. The outcomes underscore the efficacy of the technique, presenting a reliable and long-term stable solution.

Single and mixed dithiocarbamato metal(III) complexes (Co, Rh, and Ir): Crystal and molecular structure description and interplay

This review focuses on the crystal and molecular structures of single and mixed dithiocarbamate ligands of cobalt, rhodium, and iridium in the +3 oxidation state. The complexities of their chelating and bridging modes come into play through modification of the substituents on the carbamate nitrogen atoms of the ligands and additional coordination of secondary phosphino-containing ligands, culminating in various applications such as biological, analytical, medicine, and catalysis. Other considerations include the geometrical coordination environments around the metal centres and their comparison with isostructural congeners. The distortions around the metal centres and their subsequent effects on the symmetries of bonds in the primary and secondary coordination spheres are discussed. The trans-effects of secondary P-ligands and their effects on geometrical alignment and structural stability have become valuable yardsticks in analyzing structural modifications and stabilities.

Highly Stable Binary Cross‐Linkable Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials Using Different Acceptors Based on Huisgen Cycloaddition Reaction

Comprehensive SummaryHow to obtain organic electro‐optic materials with large electro‐optic coefficients, high glass transition temperature, and good optical transparency remains a challenge in this field. To solve this problem, we introduce groups that can undergo Huisgen cycloaddition reactions into the donor and electron bridge of chromophores with large hyperpolarizability using tetrahydroquinoline as the donor. Binary cross‐linkable chromophores TLD1‐2 with CF3‐TCF as the acceptor and chromophores TLD3‐4 with 5Fph‐TCF as the acceptor were synthesized. After poling and crosslinking, the Tg of TLD1/TLD2 and TLD3/TLD4 were raised to 152 and 174 °C, respectively. The electro‐optical coefficients of chromophores TLD1/TLD2 and TLD3/TLD4 were as high as 312 pm/V and 287 pm/V, respectively. The long‐term alignment stability test showed that after being left at 85 °C for 500 h, the cross‐linked film TLD3/TLD4 can still maintain more than 98% of the original electro‐optical coefficient value, which is higher than that of TLD1/TLD2 (93%). The chromophore TLD3‐4 exhibited much blue‐shifted maximum absorption wavelengths (~40 nm) compared to TLD1‐2 which was beneficial for reducing optical loss in the device. The combination of high electro‐optic coefficient, strong stability, and excellent optical transparency makes the TLD series of binary cross‐linked materials very promising for practical high‐performance electro‐optic devices.

Kinesin-7 CENP-E mediates centrosome organization and spindle assembly to regulate chromosome alignment and genome stability.

Chromosome congression and alignment are essential for cell cycle progression and genomic stability. Kinesin-7 CENP-E, a plus-end-directed kinesin motor, is required for chromosome biorientation, congression and alignment in cell division. However, it remains unclear how chromosomes are aligned and segregated in the absence of CENP-E in mitosis. In this study, we utilize the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing method and high-throughput screening to establish CENP-E knockout cell lines and reveal that CENP-E deletion results in defects in chromosome congression, alignment and segregation, which further promotes aneuploidy and genomic instability in mitosis. Both CENP-E inhibition and deletion lead to the dispersion of spindle poles, the formation of the multipolar spindle and spindle disorganization, which indicates that CENP-E is necessary for the organization and maintenance of spindle poles. In addition, CENP-E heterozygous deletion in spleen tissues also leads to the accumulation of dividing lymphocytes and cell cycle arrest in vivo. Furthermore, CENP-E deletion also disrupts the localization of key kinetochore proteins and triggers the activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint. In summary, our findings demonstrate that CENP-E promotes kinetochore-microtubule attachment and spindle pole organization to regulate chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint during cell division.

Interactive dual-stream contrastive learning for radiology report generation

Radiology report generation automates diagnostic narrative synthesis from medical imaging data. Current report generation methods primarily employ knowledge graphs for image enhancement, neglecting the interpretability and guiding function of the knowledge graphs themselves. Additionally, few approaches leverage the stable modal alignment information from multimodal pre-trained models to facilitate the generation of radiology reports. We propose the Terms-Guided Radiology Report Generation (TGR), a simple and practical model for generating reports guided primarily by anatomical terms. Specifically, we utilize a dual-stream visual feature extraction module comprised of detail extraction module and a frozen multimodal pre-trained model to separately extract visual detail features and semantic features. Furthermore, a Visual Enhancement Module (VEM) is proposed to further enrich the visual features, thereby facilitating the generation of a list of anatomical terms. We integrate anatomical terms with image features and proceed to engage contrastive learning with frozen text embeddings, utilizing the stable feature space from these embeddings to boost modal alignment capabilities further. Our model incorporates the capability for manual input, enabling it to generate a list of organs for specifically focused abnormal areas or to produce more accurate single-sentence descriptions based on selected anatomical terms. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in report generation tasks, our TGR-S model reduces training parameters by 38.9% while performing comparably to current state-of-the-art models, and our TGR-B model exceeds the best baseline models across multiple metrics.

Distance stereopsis in patients with accommodative esotropia.

We aimed to evaluate distance stereoacuity (DS) in patients with successfully treated accommodative esotropia (AET) and its association with other clinical factors. The medical records of 176 children with refractive AET with a follow-up period ≥ 1year were reviewed to identify a cohort of patients who achieved a stable alignment within 4 prism diopters (PD) of orthotropia at both distance and near fixation. Age of onset, duration of misalignment, uncorrected near and distance deviation, accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio, refractive error, presence of anisometropia and amblyopia, near stereopsis were evaluated as predictors of outcome. DS was measured using the Distance Randot Stereo test and near stereoacuity by Randot Stereotest. The patient group was compared with 50 age-matched normal controls for DS. Fifty-six patients were included, and 38 patients had DS at the final visit. All patients with DS attained uncontoured near stereopsis (UCNS). UCNS was present only in 11 patients without DS (p = 0.001). Anisometropia (p = 0.997), uncorrected near deviation (p = 0.224), distance deviation with correction (p = 0.255), and high hypermetropia (p = 0.998) were not associated with DS. The multivariable regression model showed a significant positive correlation between UCNS and DS (OR = 31.14 (95% CI 2.25-430.48); p = 0.01). Contoured near stereopsis outcome was significantly different between the patients with and without DS (p = 0.001 for animals and p = 0.003 for circles). Compared with the control group, the patient group yielded lower DS scores (p = 0.001). Distance Randot Stereotest can be useful in measuring binocular vision recovery after successful realignment in refractive AET patients. Patients attaining normal scores for near stereopsis tests after optical correction revealed subnormal thresholds for DS.

Stability of the angle of deviation in basic intermittent exotropia (IXT) following surgical correction: a retrospective observational study from southern India

ABSTRACT Introduction: Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is commonly seen in areas with more sunlight, females and Asians. Surgical alignment is recommended to improve binocular function, but a high recurrence rate has been reported. This study aimed to assess the stability of ocular alignment and factors contributing to exodrift post-surgery for IXT over 6-month follow-up. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with IXT who underwent unilateral recess resect procedures and attended follow-up examinations for at least six months post-surgery. A significant exodrift was defined as exodrift of more than 10PD at distance and near. Ocular deviation, binocularity, and stereopsis at one and six-month post-operative visits were studied to assess the incidence of exodrift post-surgery and the probable factors causing such drift. Results: Of the 50 patients studied, 26 (52%) were males, 42 (84%) were <20 years. The median age at surgery was 10 years (range 6–14), and the median preoperative angle of deviation was 37 PD. Majority of patients (62%) had exodrift within six months of surgery, and about a quarter of the study population had significant exodrift >10 PD. No clinical factors were found to contribute significantly to exodrift in this study.16 (61.5%) patients attained near and distance BSV post-surgery (p-value: <0.001). Six (12%) and 10 (20%) patients with subnormal near and distance stereopsis, respectively, attained normal stereopsis post-surgery. Conclusion: Over half of the patients operated for IXT had some Exodrift, and one-fourth had significant exodrift within six months post-surgery. Despite improved BSV, many patients failed to attain normal stereopsis with just motor alignment.

Controlled alignment imaging optical MIMO communication system based on light spot detection of arrayed light sources

Visible light communication (VLC) technology has become one of the potential key technologies for 6 G due to its unique features, such as abundant license-free spectrum, high confidentiality, and low electromagnetic interference. In this paper, an optical multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system based on imaging reception is proposed, which can improve the data transmission rate and reduce interference between different sub-channels. To overcome the problem of optical communication link alignment, in this paper, we established an imaging optical MIMO communication system with a controlled light source array (CLSA) and proposed an optical alignment strategy to address the alignment issue. The scheme decouples the constraint that the light spot cannot be aligned with the detector in the communication system under the influence of optical parameters. Based on the light spot detection CLSA module, the communication system can ensure the stability of the link alignment when the communication distance changes. Experimental results show that when the communication distance is 20-80 m, the bit error rate (BER) of the communication system remains below 10-6. The single-channel communication rate of the system is 5 Mbps, and the total communication rate is 20 Mbps through the four-channel rate multiplexing. Moreover, if the communication distance increases to the range of 80-100 m, the BER increases, but it is always lower than the forward error correction (FEC) threshold.

Optimization of handheld spectrally encoded coherence tomography and reflectometry for point-of-care ophthalmic diagnostic imaging.

Handheld optical coherence tomography (HH-OCT) systems enable point-of-care ophthalmic imaging in bedridden, uncooperative, and pediatric patients. Handheld spectrally encoded coherence tomography and reflectometry (HH-SECTR) combines OCT and spectrally encoded reflectometry (SER) to address critical clinical challenges in HH-OCT imaging with real-time en face retinal aiming for OCT volume alignment and volumetric correction of motion artifacts that occur during HH-OCT imaging. We aim to enable robust clinical translation of HH-SECTR and improve clinical ergonomics during point-of-care OCT imaging for ophthalmic diagnostics. HH-SECTR is redesigned with (1)optimized SER optical imaging for en face retinal aiming and retinal tracking for motion correction, (2)a modular aluminum form factor for sustained alignment and probe stability for longitudinal clinical studies, and (3)one-handed photographer-ergonomic motorized focus adjustment. We demonstrate an HH-SECTR imaging probe with micron-scale optical-optomechanical stability and use it for in vivo human retinal imaging and volumetric motion correction. This research will benefit the clinical translation of HH-SECTR for point-of-care ophthalmic diagnostics.

Comparison of chairside rectangular chain retainers and multi-stranded conventional retainers: a randomized controlled trial.

While retention appliances are widely used in orthodontics, there is still no evidence-based consensus regarding the optimal type of appliance or time of retention. To compare chairside rectangular chain retainers, which can be placed in one sitting, with conventional multi-stranded bonded retainers regarding their levels of stability, biological side effects, complications, and patient experiences. A single-centre, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. In total, 48 patients were included in this single-centre, randomized controlled trial conducted in Varberg, Region Halland, Sweden. The patients were randomized to two groups: the chairside rectangular chain retainer group, using the Ortho FlexTech retainer (OFT); and the conventional retainer group, using the 0.0195 Penta One multi-stranded spiral wire (PeO). The primary outcome was Little´s irregularity index (LII) evaluated at debond (T0) and at 3 months (T3) and 12 months (T12). The secondary outcomes were inter-canine distance (ICD), plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), bleeding on probing (BoP), and caries, evaluated at T0, T3, and T12, as well as patients' perceptions, evaluated at T3 and T12, and technical complications that were registered throughout the study period. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for continuous variables for inter-group comparisons, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used for intra-group comparisons. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding LII, biological side effects, technical complications, or patients' experiences. However, there was a small but statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the maintenance of the ICD. Within the OFT group, there was a significant increase in CI, and within the PeO group, there was a significant increase in BoP. In terms of clinical relevance, the chairside rectangular chain retainer and the conventional multi-stranded spiral wire provide similar outcomes with respect to the stability of alignment, biological side-effects, technical complications, and patients' experiences short-term. VGFOUreg-929962. Keywords: Orthodontic retainers; fixed retainers; retention; stability.

Long-term Outcomes of Traditional Braces versus Invisalign in Orthodontic Treatment

ABSTRACT Objective: This research targets to compare the longstanding outcomes of traditional braces versus Invisalign in orthodontic treatment, focusing on dental alignment, occlusal stability, patient satisfaction, and treatment duration. Methods: A retrospective cohort research with 200 subjects was piloted. One hundred subjects received traditional braces, while the other 100 received Invisalign. Dental models, cephalometric radiographs, and intraoral photographs were obtained at baseline, post-treatment, and at 1, 2, and 5 years follow-up. Patient satisfaction surveys were administered at each follow-up visit. Results: Both traditional braces and Invisalign effectively improved dental alignment and occlusal stability over the 5-year follow-up period. Patient satisfaction scores were consistently higher in the Invisalign group compared to the traditional braces group. However, there were no significant differences in treatment duration between the two groups. Conclusion: Invisalign may offer comparable or superior longstanding outcomes compared to traditional braces in orthodontic treatment, with higher patient satisfaction levels. These findings support the use of Invisalign as a viable alternative to traditional braces, particularly for subjects seeking esthetic and convenient orthodontic solutions.

Improving Scrum Methodology Management using the Kano Model

The software development process requires the use of methodologies and methods that contribute to its construction in a way that ensures the achievement of its required quality. The Scrum methodology is one of these methodologies. Still, this methodology needs a mechanism to ensure a clear structure for its organization. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to improve the work of this methodology, as the Scrum methodology was integrated with the Kano model to work as an organized framework that facilitates developers to use it easily by integrating the Scrum methodology with the Kano model, which strategically aims to enhance software development practices and enhance the effectiveness of Scrum. Through practicality in a real-world scenario, this framework demonstrates exceptional stability and clarity in alignment with system requirements. The main purpose of this study is to integrate the Scrum methodology with the Kano model to improve the performance of the Scrum methodology, clarify requirements, reduce the constant change in requirements, facilitate meetings, and organize teams and their work that is directly related to system requirements The proposed framework was applied to a case study involving an e-commerce site evaluated using assessment tools, including GTMetrix, PageSpeed Insights, and Pingdom, which collectively highlights the system's powerful optimization potential, displaying excellent results in performance, structural audits, and load times. This research measures the effectiveness of the framework in improving the software development process, which leads to the development of a high-performance, user-centric e-commerce platform the results confirm that this approach can contribute significantly to the evolving landscape of agile methodologies and software development.

7‐1: Developing new Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal for LCOS

Ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) have two attractive characteristics: very fast switching speeds and stable alignment against electrical fringe fields from neighboring pixels. However, care needs to be taken because FLC panels can be prone to alignment defects caused by Chevron structures. At this time, we have succeeded in developing a new FLC which has an improved temperature range, with a wider SmC phase, and which is more stable, thus making it less likely to have alignment defects. We look forward to demonstrating this to you with LCOS panels containing this new FLC.

Agent-based modeling of nuclear chromosome ensembles identifies determinants of homolog pairing during meiosis.

During meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes (homologs) ensures the formation of haploid gametes from diploid precursor cells, a prerequisite for sexual reproduction. Pairing during meiotic prophase I facilitates crossover recombination and homolog segregation during the ensuing reductional cell division. Mechanisms that ensure stable homolog alignment in the presence of an excess of non-homologous chromosomes have remained elusive, but rapid chromosome movements appear to play a role in the process. Apart from homolog attraction, provided by early intermediates of homologous recombination, dissociation of non-homologous associations also appears to contribute to homolog pairing, as suggested by the detection of stable non-homologous chromosome associations in pairing-defective mutants. Here, we have developed an agent-based model for homolog pairing derived from the dynamics of a naturally occurring chromosome ensemble. The model simulates unidirectional chromosome movements, as well as collision dynamics determined by attractive and repulsive forces arising from close-range physical interactions. Chromosome number and size as well as movement velocity and repulsive forces are identified as key factors in the kinetics and efficiency of homologous pairing in addition to homolog attraction. Dissociation of interactions between non-homologous chromosomes may contribute to pairing by crowding homologs into a limited nuclear area thus creating preconditions for close-range homolog attraction. Incorporating natural chromosome lengths, the model accurately recapitulates efficiency and kinetics of homolog pairing observed for wild-type and mutant meiosis in budding yeast, and can be adapted to nuclear dimensions and chromosome sets of other organisms.

The Influence of Ownership Structure, Board Composition and Financing Decisions on the Performance of Manufacturing Companies in the Consumer Goods Sector

This research aims to investigate the impact of ownership structure, board size, proportion of independent directors, funding decisions, company size, and dividend policy on the performance of consumer goods manufacturing companies. Purposive sampling was employed for data collection. Results indicate that ownership structure and board size positively and significantly influence company performance, as measured by Tobin's Q and ROA. However, the proportion of independent directors, funding decisions, company size, and dividend policy do not exhibit significant effects. Consequently, effective management of ownership structure and board size is crucial for enhancing company performance in the consumer goods manufacturing sector. These findings provide valuable insights for companies to improve their performance and corporate governance practices, fostering stability and sustainability in alignment with economic trends.

Accumulation and depletion of E. coli in surfaces mediated by curvature.

Can topography be used to control bacteria accumulation? We address this question in the model system of smooth-swimming and run-and-tumble Escherichia coli swimming near a sinusoidal surface, and show that the accumulation of bacteria is determined by the characteristic curvature of the surface. For low curvatures, cells swim along the surface due to steric alignment and are ejected from the surface when they reach the peak of the sinusoid. Increasing curvature enhances this effect and reduces the density of bacteria in the curved surface. However, for curvatures larger than κ^{*}≈0.25µm^{-1}, bacteria become trapped in the valleys, where they can remain for long periods of time. Minimal simulations considering only steric interactions with the surface reproduce these results and give insights into the physical mechanisms defining the critical curvature, which is found to scale with the inverse of the bacterial length. We show that for curvatures larger than κ^{*}, the otherwise stable alignment with the wall becomes unstable while the stable orientation is now perpendicular to the wall, thus predicting accurately the onset of trapping at the valleys.

Stepwise Progression of Dye-Induced In Situ Photoalignment and Subsequent Stabilization for Noncontact Alignment of Liquid Crystals.

Noncontact alignment of liquid crystals (LCs) is crucial for large-area and ultrahigh definition (UHD) display manufacturing. This research presents an innovative approach to the photoalignment of LCs, aiming to overcome challenges associated with uniformity and assembly in large-sized and UHD displays. Using homogeneously dissolved, nonionic azobenzene chromophores sensitive to both visible and UV light, we demonstrate an in situ stepwise progression of dye-induced LC alignment and subsequent stabilization using reactive mesogen (RM). Both dual-wavelength and single-wavelength approaches enable stepwise interfacial modifications for LC alignment and stabilization. The dye-induced LC alignment is rewritable, allowing for the creation of various patterns and gray-level alignments. The stability of the alignment is ensured through cross-linked RM layers, providing a robust and permanent solution for LC alignment without the need for delicate mechanical treatments. Importantly, this method addresses the challenges associated with conventional photoalignments, including various dye-induced approaches and high-energy photoalignment. The proposed method exhibits high-quality electro-optical switching, azimuthal anchoring strength, and stability against thermal, radiation, and ac-field stresses, making it a promising candidate for commercial mass production, especially in the fabrication of large-sized and UHD LC displays.

RegWSI: Whole slide image registration using combined deep feature- and intensity-based methods: Winner of the ACROBAT 2023 challenge

Background and objectiveThe automatic registration of differently stained whole slide images (WSIs) is crucial for improving diagnosis and prognosis by fusing complementary information emerging from different visible structures. It is also useful to quickly transfer annotations between consecutive or restained slides, thus significantly reducing the annotation time and associated costs. Nevertheless, the slide preparation is different for each stain and the tissue undergoes complex and large deformations. Therefore, a robust, efficient, and accurate registration method is highly desired by the scientific community and hospitals specializing in digital pathology. MethodsWe propose a two-step hybrid method consisting of (i) deep learning- and feature-based initial alignment algorithm, and (ii) intensity-based nonrigid registration using the instance optimization. The proposed method does not require any fine-tuning to a particular dataset and can be used directly for any desired tissue type and stain. The registration time is low, allowing one to perform efficient registration even for large datasets. The method was proposed for the ACROBAT 2023 challenge organized during the MICCAI 2023 conference and scored 1st place. The method is released as open-source software. ResultsThe proposed method is evaluated using three open datasets: (i) Automatic Nonrigid Histological Image Registration Dataset (ANHIR), (ii) Automatic Registration of Breast Cancer Tissue Dataset (ACROBAT), and (iii) Hybrid Restained and Consecutive Histological Serial Sections Dataset (HyReCo). The target registration error (TRE) is used as the evaluation metric. We compare the proposed algorithm to other state-of-the-art solutions, showing considerable improvement. Additionally, we perform several ablation studies concerning the resolution used for registration and the initial alignment robustness and stability. The method achieves the most accurate results for the ACROBAT dataset, the cell-level registration accuracy for the restained slides from the HyReCo dataset, and is among the best methods evaluated on the ANHIR dataset. ConclusionsThe article presents an automatic and robust registration method that outperforms other state-of-the-art solutions. The method does not require any fine-tuning to a particular dataset and can be used out-of-the-box for numerous types of microscopic images. The method is incorporated into the DeeperHistReg framework, allowing others to directly use it to register, transform, and save the WSIs at any desired pyramid level (resolution up to 220k x 220k). We provide free access to the software. The results are fully and easily reproducible. The proposed method is a significant contribution to improving the WSI registration quality, thus advancing the field of digital pathology.