Stability Program Research Articles

Effects of core muscle strengthening on pain and dynamic balance among professional basketball players with ankle sprain

Basketball is a contact sports that requires offense and defense. Ankle sprain in basketball is the most common injuries due to quick changes in direction with constant jumping and turns. The highest incidence of ankle sprain is 41.1% in basketball followed by other sports.Objectives: To study the effectiveness of 6 weeks core muscle strengthening program in reducing the pain and improving dynamic balance among professional basketball players with ankle sprain.Methodology: An experimental study was conducted among 20 professional basketball players with ankle sprain using Star Excursion Balance Test.20 participants were divided into 2 groups: experimental group (A) and control group (B). During 6-week time, the experimental group performed a core stability program with conventional physiotherapy, whereas the control group was dealt with only the conventional physiotherapy treatment. Result: The result showed that there was significant difference in terms of pain and dynamic balance among the two groups.Conclusion: The study concluded that core muscle strengthening can improve the dynamic balance and reduce the pain in basketball players with ankle sprain.

Perfectionism of coaches and their effects on Burnout of their Athletes

Basketball is a contact sports that requires offense and defense. Ankle sprain in basketball is the most common injuries due to quick changes in direction with constant jumping and turns. The highest incidence of ankle sprain is 41.1% in basketball followed by other sports.Objectives: To study the effectiveness of 6 weeks core muscle strengthening program in reducing the pain and improving dynamic balance among professional basketball players with ankle sprain.Methodology: An experimental study was conducted among 20 professional basketball players with ankle sprain using Star Excursion Balance Test.20 participants were divided into 2 groups: experimental group (A) and control group (B). During 6-week time, the experimental group performed a core stability program with conventional physiotherapy, whereas the control group was dealt with only the conventional physiotherapy treatment. Result: The result showed that there was significant difference in terms of pain and dynamic balance among the two groups.Conclusion: The study concluded that core muscle strengthening can improve the dynamic balance and reduce the pain in basketball players with ankle sprain.

Trends in the spread of excessive economic inequality in the modern world and prospects for overcoming it

The study is devoted to the problem of excessive economic inequality, which leads to lagging behind developing countries, especially the countries with lower middle and low income, to an increase in the population at the level of extreme poverty, depriving them of the opportunity to receive education, decent work, and income to ensure the quality of life. Based on the Madison Project's database of historical statistics, the authors show that since the 1820s, economic disparity between developed and developing countries has steadily increased. And since the 1960s, this inequality in the level of economic development, measured by the average GDP per capita according to the PPP, began to grow rapidly. The authors put forward assumptions about the negative impact on this trend of international economic and financial institutions, which, through cooperation with developing countries, implement liberal principles in the domestic and foreign policies of these countries. Economic liberalization was carried out by all developed countries to overcome the public financial crisis caused by excessive public spending on economic growth and social protection in the 1970s. Later, international organizations began to transfer this experience to countries with economies in transition and developing countries in the form of stabilization programs, development programs, etc. But the consequence of liberal reforms in these countries was the destruction of their economic systems, institutions, values, culture, and even the memory of the historical path which makes them weaker and more dependent. Analyzing changes in such indicators as the average GDP per capita according to the PPP of the countries of the world, the incomes of various categories of the population, the trade balance index, the index of the economic complexity of the country's exports, the authors prove that the economic inequality between the countries of the Western Branch and Western Europe (according to Maddison's classification) and all other countries at these only increases. Therefore, the implementation of the unified liberal recommendations of international organizations to improve economic mechanisms and state and social institutions in most countries of the world has devastating consequences: loss of competitiveness, technological backwardness, negative trade balance, public debt, inflation, unemployment, and the growth of excessive economic inequality. To overcome it, the countries of the world should apply certain balanced instruments of protectionist policy.

The Role of the United Nations Female Army in Geopolitical Stabilization of the Middle East

The Middle East is an area that has many geopolitical interests, which has resulted in the emergence of political instability in the region. This has affected the security conditions and the world's political economy. Female peacekeepers are sent by intergovernmental organizations, such as the United Nations (UN), to carry out political stabilization programs in the Middle East. Significant effort has been made by the United Nations to carry out female soldiers’ operations as peacekeepers. This study focuses on the role of female UN soldiers in the geopolitical stabilization efforts in the Middle East. This study uses the concept of the role of inter-governmental organizations (IGO), female military, and geopolitical interests. This research uses a qualitative-explanatory analysis that study the crucial role of female soldiers in IGO's efforts for geopolitical stabilization in the region. This study reveals that female soldiers sent by the UN have a positive contribution to the keeping of peace in the Middle East region.

Coordinated Control of ESP-SAS System Considering Roll

To improve the antiroll ability of the vehicle, considering the coupling characteristics of vehicle dynamics and tire force, this paper proposes a vehicle active antiroll strategy based on an electronic stability program and semiactive suspension (ESP-SAS) coordinated control. According to the motion characteristics of the electronic stability program (ESP) and semiactive suspension (SAS), the fuzzy controller based on the ESP module and the proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller based on the SAS module are designed, respectively. Through the adjustment of ESP yaw moment and the timely matching of SAS damping force, the antiroll performance of the vehicle is optimized. At the same time, due to the coupling characteristics between the two, a coordinated controller is designed to minimize the transfer of tire dynamic load. The proposed strategy is simulated and verified by Fishhook test conditions. As is shown from the results, with a good effect on the control of vehicle roll risk, the proposed coordinated control strategy can not only effectively reduce the body roll angle but also improve the operation stability of the vehicle.

Renal fluid and acid/base balance during refeeding in restrictive eating disorders.

Fluid shifts have been ascribed to central diabetes insipidus in patients with anorexia nervosa hospitalized for refeeding. Recent data, however, suggest that vasopressin production is not dysregulated in this population. Our objective was to describe the trajectory of fluid imbalances in relationship to kidney function, electrolyte disturbances, and acid/base balance during refeeding. A retrospective review of daily fluid balance and biochemical values was performed in 70 sequential unique patients admitted to University of California at Los Angeles Hospital Medical Stabilization Program for Eating Disorders from December 2018 to November 2020. Participants (2 males/68 females) were between 10 and 24 years of age and with a median body mass index of 16.1 (14.3, 18.1) kg/m2 . A severe negative fluid balance (>-900 ml/day) was observed in 80% of patients at some point during hospitalization. Serum sodium concentrations were normal on admission and remained stable during refeeding. Serum bicarbonate concentrations were 25 ± 1mEq/dl on admission and increased above the normal range in 31% of patients. Metabolic alkalosis was inversely associated with the development of a negative fluid balance. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was impaired in 54% of patients, improved with refeeding, and was not associated with the development of a severe negative fluid balance or metabolic alkalosis. Chronic energy deprivation alters the physiology of renal fluid and bicarbonate handling in ways that are independent of vasopressin and glomerular filtration. Further studies are warranted to understand the renal adaptations that occur during energy restriction and subsequent refeeding. Massive urinary fluid losses occur in patients with restrictive eating disorders hospitalized for refeeding. In addition, many patients have impaired renal bicarbonate excretion. These findings suggest that chronic energy deprivation impairs the kidney's ability to handle the shifts in fluid and acid/base balance that occur when appropriate oral nutrition is re-introduced.

Stabilization and Economic Growth in Developing Countries (Invited Lecture)

The need for stabilization typically arises when a country experiences an imbalance between domestic aggregate demand and aggregate supply, which is reflected in a worsening of its external payments position and an increase in the rate of inflation. To combat these twin problems, policies are required that restrain domestic demand and, at the same time, expand the production of tradeable goods, thereby easing the balance of payments constraint. Policies to influence the aggregate level or rate of growth of domestic demand and absorption, generally labelled as "demand side policies", include the whole range of monetary and fiscal measures, while the shifting of resources towards the production of tradeables involves altering the country's real exchange rate through devaluation. In general, monetary and fiscal policies and exchange rate action are considered an integral, if not an indispensable component of any stabilization programme.

Stabilisation Policy vs. Growth-oriented Policy: Implication for the Pakistan Economy

Pakistan has initiated a comprehensive reforms efforts aiming at tracking the economy on a higher and sustainable economic growth, reduce level of poverty, reducing unemployment, raising their level of standard of living. These objective were to be achieved through a programme that would build on the macro-economic stability which encompasses structural reforms, trade liberalisation, privatisation, fiscal reforms and financial sector. This paper makes one of the early attempt to analyse the Pakistan stabilisation experiences. In Pakistan the stabilisation programme was started in 1988-89. In this paper we mainly examine the fiscal and monetary policy package since 1988 when the Pakistan committed to a set of conditionalities under the Structural Adjustment Programme of the IMF. The fundamental question that has risen was the relative efficacy of stabilisation oriented versus growth oriented policies on development and welfare. Admittedly, stabilisation and growth are not mutually exclusive and any policy package has to incorporate both the elements. However, the manner in which the policy has been implemented in Pakistan has tended to pursue stabilisation at the expense of growth.

The Impacts of Financial Crises on the Trilemma Configurations

Over the years, policymakers have explored various combinations of varying degrees of monetary policy independence, exchange rate stability, and financial openness while recognizing that not all three policies can be achieved to the fullest extent – the “monetary trilemma” hypothesis. In recent years, holding international reserves (IR) has become an important policy instrument as a buffer or insurance against liquidity shortages. Significant and fundamental economic events such as currency crises have often changed the policy mix. In this paper, we find that countries’ policy mixes have been diverse and varied over time from the perspective of the trilemma and also IR holding. We then illustrate how the combination of the three trilemma policies and IR holding drastically changed before and after the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC). However, the Global Financial Crisis did not lead to a drastic change in the policy arrangements. We find that countries that faced large terms of trade shocks or negative economic growth during the crisis increase IR holding in the post-AFC. Countries that had negative growth during the crisis also tend to pursue more exchange rate flexibility and more open financial markets. This characteristic is true for commodity exporters, but not for manufacturing exporters. Countries with large current account deficit (i.e., “large capital borrowers”) tend to be more sensitive to economic growth at the time of the AFC. Countries that are under IMF stabilization programs or those with sovereign wealth funds tend to hold more IR. These characteristics were not found in the aftermath of the GFC. In general, countries increased their IR holdings after the GFC, but did not respond to the during-crisis economic and institutional conditions.

Evaluation of the National Values Construction Program for National Resilience Institute Republic of Indonesia (LEMHANNAS RI)

The Program for Strengthening National Values was established by Presidential Regulation Number 67 of 2007 addressing Lemhannas RI. This study's goal is to assess Lemhannas RI's national values building initiative from 2007. This research used the CIPP program assessment paradigm and included observation, interviews, questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions, and document examination. The research included 220 national values strengthening graduates, 4 (four) RI Lemhannas officials who implemented the stabilization program, 3 (three) Lemhannas RI Professional Staff who became resource people for the stabilization program, and 10 (ten) alumni. The findings of the context assessment indicated that Lemhannas RI's implementation of the Program for the Consolidation of National Values had a strong legal foundation, clear and realistic aims and objectives, and significant community needs. For example, inadequate cost support, inadequate curriculum support, inadequate human resource (HR) support, inadequate infrastructure support, and inadequate recruitment participants were found in the Input evaluation. The program may be carried out as intended, and the process monitoring and assessment can offer an overview of quantifiable outcomes. The effect of the strengthening program on alumni is excellent, as shown by changes in attitudes, motives, and actions.

Market-Approach-Based Policy to Achieve Rice Price Stability in Indonesia—Can It Be a Complement?

Food price volatility broadly impacts the country’s food security. Rice price stabilization in Indonesia is carried out by BULOG, the food state-owned enterprise (SOE) that the WTO has identified as Indonesia’s state trading enterprise (STE). This study was conducted to evaluate the price stabilization program in Indonesia by reviewing the efforts that have been made and analyzing the factors that influence the price of rice at the consumer level using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analysis. The analysis showed that BULOG’s market share affected consumer-level rice prices with a negative coefficient sign, which means that the larger BULOG’s market share, the lower the price of rice will be. Other variables that affect the price of rice at the consumer level are the price of rice itself at the previous time lag, the producer-level paddy price, rice production, rice consumption, and BULOG’s operational rice stock. On the basis of the results of these studies, to realize the stabilization of rice prices in Indonesia, the government can complement stock management through a public policy approach with market-approach-based policies by optimizing the role of Food SOEs as market players in the rice industry.

Cellular Therapy Product Viability during Long Term Cryopreserved Storage

Introduction Cryopreservation of human cellular therapy products (CTPs) is integral for modern blood and marrow transplant (BMT) programs. However, there is limited data available regarding CTP stability during long-term storage, particularly beyond ten years. Our policy assigns a 20-year expiration to cryopreserved HPC(A) and HPC(M) products. To support the 20-year expiration period, a validation program was developed and assessed. Methods Cryopreserved samples and products stored in vapor phase liquid nitrogen tanks were tested using two sample groups. HPC(A) or HPC(M) specimens from deceased patient samples stored over 15 years were the initial group tested. A second group was added from an ongoing Prospective Stability Program (PSP). Post-thaw viability testing was performed by flow cytometry per our validated procedure based on the ISHAGE gating strategy, producing a percent viability for CD34+ cells (CD34v) and CD3+ cells (CD3v). Acceptance criteria was defined as ≥ 75% viability for both cell populations. Simple linear regression was used to predict the 75% threshold. After initial analysis, data from the PSP was included for an expanded analysis. This provided an additional 14 CD34v and 13 CD3v results, ranging in age from < 1 week (e.g., soon after cryopreservation) to 8 years; all PSP results are from cryovial specimens. Results Twenty-six collections were identified for testing, collected 15 to 31 years prior. The 25 HPC(A) specimens ranged in age from 15 to 26 years. The single HPC(M) collection was 31 years old (yo). Initially, 11 cryovials, 12 sample bags and 3 product bags from 26 different patients were tested. All but two specimens <20yo were cryovials; one product and one sample bag were also <20yo. All but three specimens >20yo were sample bags; the remainder were products. A second product from the HPC(M) collection was tested four months after the initial test for an additional HPC(M) data point. All specimens < 20yo and both HPC(M) specimens met the acceptance criteria. Of the 13 HPC(A) over 20yo, nine met the 75% CD34v acceptance criteria (range = 66 - 95%) and four met the 75% CD3v acceptance criteria (range = 42 - 80%). Notably, two HPC(A) only days over 20yo failed to meet CD3v, with results of 52% and 74%; CD34v was 79% and 90%, respectively. However, several 21-22yo met both acceptance criteria. Both HPC(M) results of the 31yo product met acceptance criteria; CD34v mean ± SD = 95% ± 0.4 and CD3v mean ± SD = 86% ± 3.9. Linear regression analysis of the initial HPC(A) dataset predicts CD34v would reach 75% after more than 30 years and CD3v would reach 75% after 21 years. Similar evaluation of the expanded dataset (which includes stability program samples up to 8 years old as well as both results from the retested HPC(A) and the HPC(M)) predicts reaching 75% CD34v at almost 48 years and CD3v at about 24 years. The accompanying CD34v and CD3v graphs show the expanded dataset and include 95% confidence interval bands for the linear regression analysis. Conclusions CD34+ cells appear to maintain viability well during cryopreserved storage. CD3+ cell viability is maintained adequately but less robustly compared to CD34+ cells and may begin to decline more dramatically after 20 years of cryopreserved storage. The linear regression analysis supports our current 20-year expiration date. We plan to expand the dataset as the PSP specimens continue to age. We are evaluating viable cell recovery to ensure viability is not artificially high due to cell loss. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Data-Driven Tire Capacity Estimation With Experimental Verification

Tire states and capacity monitoring is critical for vehicle and wheel stabilization controls in automated driving and active safety systems. Tire capacity, which represents the performance margin of tire forces from its limits, determines the operational range for vehicle control systems and their actuation through steering or torques at each tire to maintain stability while performing trajectory following. This paper presents a generic tire capacity identification framework that can handle different normal loads, road surface friction, and combined-slip driving scenarios, which are challenging for stabilization and tracking control programs in automated driving systems. A novel measuring method for generating force-training data is designed by combining the indoor tire test procedure and tread rubber friction test rig, in order to obtain adequate and high-quality benchmark datasets. The results from large data sets from road experimenting and indoor tire test facilities, including pure- and combined-slip conditions, confirm effectiveness of the developed learning-based tire capacity estimation which utilizes notions from the model description with bounded uncertainty. More importantly, the proposed method can provide reliable tire properties ranging from the linear to the sliding regions. Further validation is performed on a real test car with on-board sensory measurements, and the results confirm accuracy of the proposed method for various free rolling and hard launch/brake scenarios.

이슬람 극단주의 국내 테러 발생 가능 환경과 대책 방안에 대한 연구

Islamic extremist terrorism continues to occur in Europe since its beginning in Spain in 2004. Although such terrorism has not occurred in Korea, many cases are being identified where Muslim residents were linked to such activities. These are examples of the spread of Islamic extremism in Korea. This study aims to propose preventive measures of Islamic extremist terrorism in the country by investigating the possibility of Islamic Extremist Terrorism in domestic environments and by analyzing analogous cases in Europe and derive similarities. In order to prevent Islamic extremist terrorism, it is necessary to accede and ratify the Budapest Convention as soon as possible, establish systematic mechanisms to prevent terrorism financing as remittances to terrorism-risk countries, eliminate prejudice against Islam, prevent the spread of anti-Islam sentiment, prepare of measures to prevent multicultural youth from dropping out of school, operate psychological stability programs, and strengthening monitoring on Muslims residing in Korea.

Orthodox Stabilization Programs Implemented in Turkey After 1980: Decisions of January 24 and April 5

İstikrar programları, daha çok ödemeler dengesi sorunlarını aşmak ve yüksek enflasyonun hüküm sürdüğü (hiperenflasyon ya da kronik yüksek enflasyon) ekonomiyi normalleştirmek amacıyla uygulamaya konulur. Ortodoks politikalar, ekonomide ortaya çıkan enflasyon, ödemeler dengesi açığı ve kamu açıklarının kaynağı olarak parasal genişlemeyi, aşırı değerlenmiş kur sistemini ve kamu kesimi kaynak harcama dengesizliğini görmektedir. Ortodoks politikalar, enflasyonu salt parasal bir olgu olarak ele alırken; heterodoks politikalar, enflasyonun kaynağında yapısal bozuklukların ve gelir çekişmesinin yattığına ilişkin inançtan hareketle uygulanmaktadır. Heterodoks istikrar politikalarının fiyat-ücret kontrolleri, bütçe disiplini ve sabit döviz kuru politikası olmak üzere üçayağı bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada, Ortodoks istikrar programı niteliğinde olan 24 Ocak ve 5 Nisan kararları, önceki ve sonraki ekonomik yapı analiz edilerek değerlendirilmiştir. Gerçekleşen sonuçları açısından 1980 uygulaması kamu maliyesi dengelerini bozmak, gelir dağılımını etkinsizleştirmek, ekonomiyi spekülatif yabancı sermaye dalgalanmalarına açık hale getirme pahasına ödemeler dengesi sorununu görece aşabilmiştir. 1994 Kararları ise, krizi bir sapma olarak nitelendirip, ekonominin tekrar faiz kur makası sarmalına döndürülmesi sağlanmıştır.

The Effect of Core Stabilization Training on Improving Gait and Self-Perceived Function in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial.

The treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis is typically focused on the involved lower extremity. There is a gap in the literature concerning the effectiveness of core stabilization training on the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis. This investigation aimed to determine whether core stabilization improved the gait and functional ability of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Eighteen participants with knee osteoarthritis completed the six-week core stabilization intervention. Participants completed the gait motion analysis and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score to assess self-perceived function, pre- and post-intervention. Gait speed improved (p = 0.006, d = 0.59), while the external knee adduction moment decreased (p = 0.034, d = −0.90). Moreover, self-reported function improved (p < 0.001, d = 1.26). The gait speed and external knee adduction moment changes met minimal detectable change thresholds, while gait speed also met the minimal clinically important difference. A six-week core stabilization program can thus improve gait speed and reduce the external knee adduction moment, which is tied to disease progression. Increased functional scores post-intervention indicate an important clinical improvement. Core stabilization training is a safe and potentially effective treatment option for this population.

Integrated control of electronic stability program and active suspension system using a priority-weighting mechanism

This paper presents a novel vehicle dynamic controller for coordinating the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) and active suspension system (ASS) to improve the directional performance and roll stability of the vehicle. The controller consists of two levels. The upper level is responsible for monitoring system status, determining control objectives, and distributing the active forces. Also, a priority-weighting mechanism is proposed for model predictive control to generate an adaptive multi-objective cost function. Then, the distribution of active forces is obtained by solving a centralized optimization problem. In the lower level, the dynamics of the suspension actuators are taken into consideration in the control of suspension forces for the ASS, and the desired braking forces are achieved through braking torque control for the ESP. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified through numerical simulation by using a nonlinear full vehicle model. The simulation results show that the proposed dynamic controller can significantly improve the yaw and roll performance of the vehicle.

Acceleration slip regulation by electric motor torque of battery electric vehicle with nonlinear model predictive control approach

Step increase of electric motor torque results in wheel slip during the acceleration of battery electric vehicle (BEV), making vehicle body instability paramount. This is particularly challenging for regulating the torque of electric motor to keep stability in the process of acceleration, for which regulating the wheel slip to an ideal set-point is difficult for the central driving powertrain that adopts one electric motor to drive both left and right wheels by a differential. While much of the research on acceleration slip regulation has focused on solving the wheel anti-slip of internal combustion powertrain by electronic stability programme, comparatively little is known about the wheel slip control by electric motor torque of the central driving powertrain that is the most common style of driveline in the market of BEV currently. Here we discuss a series of studies on the acceleration slip regulation by electric motor torque that, collectively, design an approach of how the nonlinear model predictive controller based on a novel driving dynamics model regulates the wheel slip to an ideal set-point from the ideal slip ratio curve. Testing and validating this approach embedded into vehicle control unit are carried out in a BEV to fully realise the wheel slip control by electric motor torque during the acceleration.

Simulation tests of the integrated lane change control system

This paper presents the concept of an integrated control system for lane change by a two-axle truck. In earlier works the authors used only a controller coupled to the steering system for sudden lane changes. Nowadays, the steering system controller is integrated with ESP (Electronic Stability Program) which causes momentary braking of chosen vehicle wheels when traffic destabilization threatens. A simulation study of the integrated control system operation during sudden lane change was performed for an unladen and fully laden car on a wet road in near limiting conditions. The test results were compared with those obtained when this maneuver was performed using only the steering controller.

Stability Program in Dendritic Cell Vaccines: A "Real-World" Experience in the Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory of Romagna Cancer Center.

Advanced therapy medical products (ATMPs) are rapidly growing as innovative medicines for the treatment of several diseases. Hence, the role of quality analytical tests to ensure consistent product safety and quality has become highly relevant. Several clinical trials involving dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines for cancer treatment are ongoing at our institute. The DC-based vaccine is prepared via CD14+ monocyte differentiation. A fresh dose of 10 million DCs is administered to the patient, while the remaining DCs are aliquoted, frozen, and stored in nitrogen vapor for subsequent treatment doses. To evaluate the maintenance of quality parameters and to establish a shelf life of frozen vaccine aliquots, a stability program was developed. Several parameters of the DC final product at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were evaluated. Our results reveal that after 24 months of storage in nitrogen vapor, the cell viability is in a range between 82% and 99%, the expression of maturation markers remains inside the criteria for batch release, the sterility tests are compliant, and the cell costimulatory capacity unchanged. Thus, the data collected demonstrate that freezing and thawing do not perturb the DC vaccine product maintaining over time its functional and quality characteristics.