Robust Stability Properties Research Articles

Exploring the Potential of Halide Electrolytes for Next‐Generation All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are expected to revolutionize large‐scale energy storage and electric vehicles due to their exceptional safety and high energy density. Central to this technology is the development of solid electrolytes, with halide electrolytes emerging as highly promising candidates, offering high ionic conductivity, robust electrochemical stability and excellent mechanical properties. Since the breakthrough discovery of Li3YCl6 in 2018, research on halide electrolytes has entered a new era. However, despite continuous research efforts, practical challenges persist in their application, including the need to further enhance ionic conductivity, improve moisture resistance, and achieve better compatibility with electrode materials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress and ongoing challenges in halide electrolytes, examining crystal structures, conduction mechanisms, and scalable synthesis techniques. Various modification strategies are also explored aimed at boosting ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, with a particular focus on improving interface stability. Finally, future perspectives are outlined for designing high‐performance halide electrolyte materials, offering guidance for ongoing research efforts toward their commercial application in ASSLBs.

Sulfur modified N-doped carbocatalysts promote the selectivity for H2S selective oxidation

Sulfur element is widely applied as a non-metallic dopant into carbon framework for the modulation of their chemical activities. An interesting question is whether the intrinsic catalytic performances for the H2S selective oxidation to sulfur can be manipulated by sulfur element introduction into carbocatalysts. In this study, we employ a simple solvent-free method to introduce S atoms into framework of N-doped carbocatalysts, resulting in a notable enhancement of the product S selectivity with negligible loss of H2S selective oxidation. The experimental results show that the as-synthesized N-S-C-2 catalyst exhibits a H2S conversion of 97.5 % and sulfur selectivity of >80 % at a high O2-to-H2S ratio (2.5) under continuous mode (over the dew point temperature of sulfur, c.a. 210 °C), while also demonstrating robust stability (> 100 h), anti-CO2 (up to 50 vol%) and anti-oxidation properties. Kinetic analysis and H2S/O2-TPD-MS results reveal that S introduction attenuates the adsorption and dissociation of H2S and O2 by the N-doped carbon catalyst. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations elucidate that S doping elevates the adsorption energies of H2S and O2 at the pyridinic N site, thereby moderately reducing the adsorption of H2S and O2, consequently preventing the over-oxidation of H2S to SO2 and enhancing S selectivity. The double doping promotion effect of carbon materials reported in this investigation offers an alternative insight for the development of highly selective carbon desulfurization catalysts.

Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals-Intermediated Hydrogel for Boosting the Biosensing Performance.

Metal-halide perovskites have become attractive nanomaterials for advanced biosensors, yet the structural design remains challenging due to the trade-off between environmental stability and sensing sensitivity. Herein, a trinity strategy is proposed to address this issue by integrating Mn (II) substitution with CsPb2Cl5 inert shell and NH2-PEG-COOH coating for designing Mn2+-doped CsPbCl3/CsPb2Cl5 core/shell hetero perovskite nanocrystals (PMCP PNCs). The trinity strategy isolates the emissive Mn2+-doped CsPbCl3 core from water and the Mn2+ d-d transition generates photoluminescence with a long lifetime, endowing the NH2-PEG-COOH capped Mn2+-doped CsPbCl3/CsPb2Cl5 PNCs with robust water stability and oxygen-sensitive property. Given the structural integration, photoluminescent hydrogel biosensors are designed by embedding the PMCP PNCs into the hydrogel system to deliver on-site pesticide information on food products. Impressively, benefiting from the dual enzyme triggered-responsive property of PMCP PNCs, the hydrogel biosensor is endowed with ultra-high sensitivity toward chlorpyrifos pesticide at the nanogram per milliliter level. Such a robust PMCP PNCs-based hydrogel sensor can provide accurate pesticide information while guiding the construction of photoluminescent biosensors for upcoming on-site applications.

Stability criteria and calculus rules via conic contingent coderivatives in Banach spaces

This paper addresses the study of novel constructions of variational analysis and generalized differentiation that are appropriate for characterizing robust stability properties of constrained set-valued mappings/multifunctions between Banach spaces important in optimization theory and its applications. Our tools of generalized differentiation revolve around the newly introduced concept of ε-regular normal cone to sets and associated coderivative notions for set-valued mappings. Based on these constructions, we establish several characterizations of the central stability notion known as the relative Lipschitz-like property of set-valued mappings in infinite dimensions. Applying a new version of the constrained extremal principle of variational analysis, we develop comprehensive sum and chain rules for our major constructions of conic contingent coderivatives for multifunctions between appropriate classes of Banach spaces.

Force Control of a Haptic Flexible-Link Antenna Based on a Lumped-Mass Model.

Haptic organs are common in nature and help animals to navigate environments where vision is not possible. Insects often use slender, lightweight, and flexible links as sensing antennae. These antennae have a muscle-endowed base that changes their orientation and an organ that senses the applied force and moment, enabling active sensing. Sensing antennae detect obstacles through contact during motion and even recognize objects. They can also push obstacles. In all these tasks, force control of the antenna is crucial. The objective of our research is to develop a haptic robotic system based on a sensing antenna, consisting of a very lightweight and slender flexible rod. In this context, the work presented here focuses on the force control of this device. To achieve this, (a) we develop a dynamic model of the antenna that moves under gravity and maintains point contact with an object, based on lumped-mass discretization of the rod; (b) we prove the robust stability property of the closed-loop system using the Routh stability criterion; and (c) based on this property, we design a robust force control system that performs efficiently regardless of the contact point with the object. We built a mechanical device replicating this sensing organ. It is a flexible link connected at one end to a 3D force-torque sensor, which is attached to a mechanical structure with two DC motors, providing azimuthal and elevation movements to the antenna. Our experiments in contact situations demonstrate the effectiveness of our control method.

Comparative biochemical analysis of full-length and truncated BaqA α-amylases from Bacillus aquimaris MKSC 6.2

BaqA is a raw starch degrading α-amylase produced by the marine bacterium Bacillus aquimaris MKSC 6.2, associated with soft corals. This α-amylase belongs to a new subfamily Glycoside Hydrolases (GH) 13_45 which has several unique characteristics, namely, a pair of tryptophan residues Trp201 and Trp202, a distinct LPDIx signature in the Conserved Sequence Region-V (CSR-V), and an elongated C-terminus containing five aromatic residues. The research aims to investigate physicochemical, kinetics, and biochemical properties of BaqA. In this study, the full-length enzyme (BaqA) and a truncated form of BaqA (designated as BaqAΔC), lacking the C-terminal 34 amino acids were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli ArcticExpress (DE3). BaqA formed inclusion bodies, while BaqAΔC was produced as a soluble protein. Purified and refolded BaqA exhibited a catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of 53.1 ± 6.3 mL mg−1 s−1 at 40 °C and pH 7.5, whereas the purified BaqAΔC displayed kcat/Km of 11.4 ± 1.3 mL mg−1 s−1 under the optimum condition of 50 °C and pH 6.5. Moreover, BaqAΔC showed a slight reduction in the binding affinity towards sago granules. Interestingly, BaqAΔC displayed robust stability and halotolerant properties compared to BaqA. BaqAΔC maintained 50 % amylolytic activity for up to 6 h, whereas BaqA lost over 50 % of its activity within 90 min. Furthermore, BaqAΔC showed a remarkable increase in amylolytic activity upon the addition of NaCl, with an optimum concentration of 0.5 M. Even at a high salt concentration (1.5 M NaCl), BaqAΔC retained over 50 % of its residual activity. Taken together, its solubility, amylolytic activity, stability, ability to degrade raw starch, and moderate halotolerance make BaqAΔC a promising candidate for various starch processing industries.

Exploring interfacial properties and thermodynamic parameters of synthesized biodegradable surfactants from Brassica Juncea and their emulsification characteristics

This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of four non-ionic surfactants of different spacer lengths derived from Brassica Juncea (mustard oil) and explore their potential applications. The chemical structures of the surfactants were confirmed by FTIR, 1HNMR spectroscopy and GC. Surface tension values of the surfactants were measured at various temperatures, unveiling temperature-dependent behaviour and associated thermodynamics. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of different surfactants were found to be very low (0.064–0.096 mmol/l at 303 K) compared to conventional surfactants. The CMC and the surface tension further decrease significantly with an increase in temperature. Surface-active thermodynamic parameters of the surfactants demonstrate their lower interfacial characteristics and enhanced self-aggregation capability. At CMC, the synthesized surfactants effectively decrease the interfacial tension (IFT) between water and dodecane to a notably low range of 9.5 to 12.1 mN/m, which is further reduced to a range of 3.2 to 6.1 mN/m at optimal salinity. The surfactants also show good emulsification properties, the emulsions formed in the water-dodecane system using the gemini surfactants as emulsifiers were extensively characterized, encompassing phase behaviour and droplet size distribution analysis. These emulsions exhibit favourable viscous properties, with viscosities ranging from 5 to 20 mPa.s at a 5 s-1 shear rate. This study establishes that the synthesized Gemini surfactants are viable candidates for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), showcasing robust stability, interfacial activity, and favourable rheological properties, alongside biodegradability.

Adsorption of Cadmium and Lead Capacity and Environmental Stability of Magnesium-Modified High-Sulfur Hydrochar: Greenly Utilizing Chicken Feather.

Chicken feathers represent a viable material for producing biochar adsorbents. Traditional slow pyrolysis methods often result in sulfur element losses from chicken feathers, whereas hydrothermal reactions generate substantial amounts of nutrient-rich hydrothermal liquor. Magnesium-modified high-sulfur hydrochar MWF was synthesized through magnesium modification, achieving a S content of 3.68%. The maximum equilibrium adsorption amounts of MWF for Cd2+ and Pb2+ were 25.12 mg·g-1 and 70.41 mg·g-1, respectively, representing 4.00 times and 2.75 times of WF. Magnesium modification elevated the sulfur content, pH, ash content, and electronegativity of MWF. The primary mechanisms behind MWF's adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ involve magnesium ion exchange and complexation with C=O/O=C-O, quaternary N, and S functional groups. MWF maintains robust stability and antioxidative properties, even with low aromaticity levels. Given the lower energy consumption during hydrochar production, MWF offers notable carbon sequestration benefits. The hydrothermal solution derived from MWF is nutrient-rich. Following supplementation with inorganic fertilizer, the hydrothermal solution of MWF significantly enhanced bok choy growth compared to the control group. In general, adopting magnesium-modified hydrothermal reactions to produce hydrochar and converting the resultant hydrothermal solution into water-soluble fertilizer proves a viable strategy for the eco-friendly utilization of chicken feathers. This approach carries substantial value for heavy metal remediation and agricultural practices.

Model-free robust decentralised control of multi-input-multi-output nonlinear interconnected dynamic systems

This study presents a generalised framework for model-free robust decentralised control (MFRDC) of interconnected MIMO dynamic systems, with the goal of significantly reducing complexity in model-based design. A model-free robust sliding mode control, by Lyapunov differential inequality, is presented to achieve simultaneous nonlinear, dynamic, interaction/coupling inversion/cancellation (NDII) for such MIMO systems, which treats the plant/process as a total uncertainty from input to output. The U-control platform is presented, to integrate separately independently designed NDII and an invariant controller (IC) into a complete double loop control system. The associated robust stability and other properties are analysed to provide reference for applications. Two simulated tracking control tests are presented for functionally numerical demonstration, validation of the analytical results and illustration of the transparent procedure for general expansion/applications. These are: a coupled inverted pendulum and a two-input and two-output (TITO) non-affine nonlinear dynamic plant.

Ultra-stable sandwich shaped flexible MXene/CNT@Ni films for high performance supercapacitor

MXene exhibits high volume capacity, but poor flexibility and mechanical properties have seriously limited its further applications. To address this issue, a sandwich shaped flexible MXene/CNTs@Ni film has been fabricated via a simple filtration approach, wherein the nickel-electroless plating on CNTs (CNTs@Ni) are utilized as the effective interlayer spacers of MXene nanosheets to stabilize their layer structures. In addition, the optimized MXene/CNTs@Ni film electrode as a binder-free and self-supported electrode exhibits robust mechanical stability and impressive electrochemical properties, especially with a high specific capacitance of 990.8 F cm−3, about 1.4 times and 2.4 times higher than that of MXene/CNTs film electrode and pristine MXene film electrode, respectively. A flexible symmetrical supercapacitor (FSMS) was constructed based on MXene/CNTs@Ni film. Notably, the FSMS owns a high energy density of 14.5 Wh kg−1, a high power density of 2571.4 W kg−1, and a good cycling stability, suggesting its potential application in portable energy technologies.

A Framework for Decentralized Equilibrium Seeking in Networked Sampled-Data Games using Hybrid Control Tools*

We study the steady-state Nash equilibrium-seeking problem for sampled-data games with LTI dynamics and quadratic costs. The key challenge is to guarantee the robust stability and convergence properties of the closed-loop system in the presence of local individual sampling mechanisms assigned to each of the players in the game. This problem is non-trivial due to the unstable behaviors that can arise when sequential control updates (rather than parallel) emerge in the closed-loop system because of the existence of local control triggering mechanisms in each node of the network. To address this issue, we introduce a controls framework based on tools from hybrid dynamical systems theory. Our results are illustrated via numerical examples.

Stimuli-responsive nanozymes for biomedical applications.

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanozymes are regarded as excellent substitutes for natural enzymes due to their high activity, convenient preparation, low cost, robust stability and other unique properties of nanomaterials. In biomedical applications, the always-on activity of nanozymes is undesirable as it poses a potential threat to normal tissues. Stimuli-responsive nanozymes were designed to manipulate the activities of nanozymes. This review introduces two types of stimuli-responsive nanozymes. One is smart responsive nanozymes with stimuli-switchable activities, further divided into those with on/off switchable activity and one/another switchable activity. Another is nanozymes exhibiting responsive release from specific carriers. Additionally, the biomedical applications of stimuli-responsive nanozymes in cancer therapy, antibacterial therapy, biosensing and anti-inflammatory therapy are briefly reviewed. Finally, we address the challenges and prospects in this field.

Stability and Robustness of Distributed Suboptimal Model Predictive Control

In distributed model predictive control (MPC), the control input at each sampling time is computed by solving a large-scale optimal control problem (OCP) over a finite horizon using distributed algorithms. Typically, such algorithms require several (virtually, infinite) communication rounds between the subsystems to converge, which is a major drawback both computationally and from an energetic perspective (for wireless systems). Motivated by these challenges, we propose a suboptimal distributed MPC scheme in which the total communication burden is distributed also in time, by maintaining a running solution estimate for the large-scale OCP and updating it at each sampling time. We demonstrate that, under some regularity conditions, the resulting time-distributed suboptimal MPC control law recovers the qualitative robust stability properties of optimal MPC, if the communication budget at each sampling time is large enough.

A Position-Sensorless Control of Doubly Fed Induction Machine by Stator-Equation-Based Adaptive Reduced-Order Observer

A position-sensorless control is developed for doubly fed induction machines (DFIM). In this article, an adaptive reduced-order observer is used to estimate both rotor speed and position. The proposed reduced-order observer is based on the stator equation, and four issues are explored. First, the stator equation is used to realize the adaptive reduced-order observer, by which the structure is simple without flux calculation. Second, the stability of adaptive reduced-order observer is analyzed by the linearization method, which paves the way for design procedure of observer's feedback gain. Third, the tracking performance of the rotor-position estimation is investigated through the acceleration/deceleration of rotor speed; an explicit guideline is provided to design the adaptation integral gain to satisfy the specified tracking response. Fourth, sensitivity to machine's parameter variations is studied; the robust stability property is enhanced by the observer's feedback gain; and the robust sensitivity to inductance variation is strengthened by the adjustment of mutual inductance with stator voltage accordingly. Experiment is conducted with a 4-kW DFIM drive system to verify the validation of the proposed theoretical concepts.

Efficient fabrication of low-density polyethylene/polyethylene oxide/carbon nanotubes films with robust shape stability and photothermal property for thermal management and afterheat utilization

The smart energy absorption and storage properties make the phase change materials the ideal candidate for solar thermal conversion and afterheat utilization. Applying the vane extruder (VE) coupled with a single-layer blown film die, a fast and efficient one-step method is proposed for the successive and mass production of LDPE/PEO/CNTs (PPCs) nanocomposite films. Benefiting from the volumetric elongational flow field provided by the VE, the CNTs are uniformly dispersed in the matrix and a co-continuous network is formed, thereby the thermal conductivity and tensile strength of the PPCs film are effectively improved. The melting enthalpy of PPC0.02 film is 110 J g−1 and tensile strength is 3.308 MPa. Furthermore, the PPCs films maintain stable phase change temperature and robust chemical properties after 150 thermal cycles. The temperature of the simulated greenhouse can be controlled within the range that is conducive to crop growth when the PPCs film is applied to its roof. This can be ascribed to the sufficient light-to-thermal conversion capability and thermal conductivity of the PPCs film. The PPCs film with sufficient shape stability and leakage resistance can be an excellent candidate for harvesting and recycling solar and heat energy sources.

Sumanene Monolayer of Pure Carbon: A Two-Dimensional Kagome-Analogy Lattice with Desirable Band Gap, Ultrahigh Carrier Mobility, and Strong Exciton Binding Energy.

The design and synthesis of novel two-dimensional (2D) materials that possess robust structural stability and unusual physical properties may open up enormous opportunities for device and engineering applications. Herein, a 2D sumanene lattice that can be regarded as a derivative of the conventional Kagome lattice is proposed. The tight-binding analysis demonstrates sumanene lattice contains two sets of Dirac cones and two sets of flat bands near the Fermi surface, distinctively different from the Kagome lattice. Using first-principles calculations, two possible routines for the realization of stable 2D sumanene monolayers (named α phase and β phase) are theoretically suggested, and an α-sumanene monolayer can be experimentally synthesized with chemical vapor deposition using C21 H12 as a precursor. Small binding energies on Au(111) surface (e.g., -37.86eVÅ-2 for α phase) signify the possibility of their peel-off after growing on the noble metal substrate. Importantly, the GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations demonstrate both monolayers have moderate band gaps (1.94eV for α) and ultrahigh carrier mobilities (3.4 × 104 cm2 V-1 s-1 for α). In particular, the α-sumanene monolayer possesses a strong exciton binding energy of 0.73eV, suggesting potential applications in optics.

Production of superwetting cellulose II based membranes with excellent oil/water emulsions separation performance

Superhydrophilic textiles with underwater superoleophobicity have shown excellent separation performance for emulsified oil in wastewater, but their hierarchical structure and hydrophilic chemical design are complicated. Herein, a hydrophilic hierarchical layer of cellulose is constructed on commercial cotton fabrics surface through in-situ self dissolving and regenerating strategy. During the process, zinc chloride solution is used as solvent to dissolve cellulose, and sodium sulfate is used as pore forming agent to obtain open porous structure. The cellulose provides both hydrophilic surface and hierarchical structural foundation for the remodeled cotton fabrics (RCFs) without any further chemical modification. Based on the robust mechanical stability, superhydrophilicity, underwater superoleophobicity (θoil > 150º), and anti-oil fouling property, the RCFs achieved a remarkable separation performance for oil-in-water emulsions with high separation efficiency (> 99.0%) and recyclable antifouling performance. The developed RCFs assembly strategy provides an excellent membrane for oil-in-water emulsion separation, and a new prospect for the convenient and universal construct of other superwetting cellulose-based materials.

Switchable valley polarization and quantum anomalous Hall state in the VN2X2Y2 nanosheets (X = group-III and Y = group-VI elements)

Motivated by the recent synthesis of MA2Z4 family materials, we perform a first-principles investigation on the structural stability and electronic properties of VN2X2Y2 nanosheets (X = B-Ga, Y = O-Te), which are the isostructural and isoelectronic analogues of the VSi2N4 system. We find that among the 16 possible III–VI combinations, there are four XY compositions, i.e., XY = BO, BS, AlO, and GaO, that can form stable VN2X2Y2 nanosheets with robust dynamic and thermal stabilities. Intrinsic ferromagnetism appears in these VN2X2Y2 nanosheets, among which the VN2B2S2 and VN2Ga2O2 ones possess an easy out-of-plane magnetization. Thus, unlike the VSi2N4 system, the VN2B2S2 and VN2Ga2O2 nanosheets exhibit spontaneous valley polarization with a sizeable polarization value in the bottom conduction band. Through the strain modulation, the valley polarization can be switched from the bottom conduction band to the top valence band, which is closely related to the strain-induced band inversion. Due to the existence of valley polarization, the band inversion occurs at different strains for the two valleys. Therefore, in the critical strain region, an intriguing quantum anomalous Hall state is present in the strained VN2X2Y2 nanosheets, which is characterized by a nonzero Chern number of C = 1. Such nontrivial topology is further confirmed by a quantized Hall conductance and a single gapless edge state in the bulk gap. Our study demonstrates as the cousin of MA2Z4 materials, the III–VI VN2X2Y2 nanosheets possess robust structural stability, peculiar electronic and topological properties, which have potential applications in electronics, spintronics, and valleytronics.

Controlled Syntheses and Multifunctional Applications of Two-Dimensional Metallic Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

ConspectusAmong two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, metallic transition metal dichalcogenides (MTMDCs) are emerging as promising candidates in many application aspects (e.g., electronics, spintronics, and energy related fields, etc.) in view of their ultrahigh electronic conductivities, newfangled room-temperature ferromagnetism (e.g., VSe2, VTe2), and excellent catalytic activities. Specially, 2D TaX2 and VX2 (X = S, Se, Te) materials stand in a vital place on account of their exotic physical and chemical properties. Notably, the controlled synthesis of such materials is the premise for exploring the aforementioned properties and applications. Among the reported preparation methods, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is proven to be a promising approach in view of its scalability, simple operation, low cost, etc. This method has been employed to synthesize various 2D layered materials and heterostructures in a well-controlled fashion. Nevertheless, in view of the complicated growth mechanism and process, the CVD growth of ultrathin TaX2 and VX2 nanosheets/films remains extremely challenging. In addition, the application explorations of 2D TaX2 and VX2 in the energy related fields and electronic devices are still in the primary stage.In this Account, we review the up-to-date advances regarding the CVD syntheses of 2D TaX2 and VX2 (e.g., TaS2, TaSe2, VS2, VSe2, and VTe2, etc.) and air-stable MTMDCs (e.g., PtSe2, NiTe2), as well as their multifunctional applications in the energy related fields and electronic devices. First, the CVD growth of TaX2 and VX2 nanosheets/films with tunable thicknesses/domain sizes and the MTMDCs/semiconducting TMDCs vertical heterostructures are systematically summarized. Second, the application explorations of CVD-synthesized 2D TaX2 and VX2 as high-performance electrode materials in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and electronic devices are introduced, respectively. Third, the CVD syntheses of 2D MTMDCs with robust environmental stability and novel physical properties (e.g., semimetal–semiconductor transition, magnetism) are discussed. In the end, the challenges regarding the preparations and multifunctional applications of 2D MTMDCs are highlighted, and the future research directions are also proposed. We believe that this Account is comprehensive and insightful for the CVD syntheses of high-quality 2D MTMDCs materials toward versatile applications.

Lead-Free Halide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals for Light-Emitting Applications: Strategies for Boosting Efficiency and Stability.

Lead‐free halide double perovskite (HDP) nanocrystals are considered as one of the most promising alternatives to the lead halide perovskite nanocrystals due to their unique characteristics of nontoxicity, robust intrinsic thermodynamic stability, rich and tunable optoelectronic properties. Although lead‐free HDP variants with highly efficient emission are synthesized and characterized, the photoluminescent (PL) properties of colloidal HDP nanocrystals still have enormous challenges for application in light‐emitting diode (LED) devices due to their intrinsic and surface defects, indirect band, and disallowable optical transitions. Herein, recent progress on the synthetic strategies, ligands passivation, and metal doping/alloying for boosting efficiency and stability of HDP nanocrystals is comprehensive summarized. It begins by introducing the crystalline structure, electronic structure, and PL mechanism of lead‐free HDPs. Next, the limiting factors on PL properties and origins of instability are analyzed, followed by highlighting the effects of synthesis strategies, ligands passivation, and metal doping/alloying on the PL properties and stability of the HDPs. Then, their preliminary applications for LED devices are emphasized. Finally, the challenges and prospects concerning the development of highly efficient and stable HDP nanocrystals‐based LED devices in the future are proposed.