Stability-indicating Reversed-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography Research Articles

A Stability-Indicating Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Ambrisentan: An Endothelin Receptor Antagonist

A stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of ambrisentan, a drug used in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. The desired chromatographic separation was achieved on a Kromasil C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using the mobile phase acetonitrile-ammonium formate (pH 3.0; 0.02 M) in gradient mode. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min, and chromatograms were extracted at 262 nm using a photodiode array detector. The method was successfully validated in accordance to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines acceptance criteria for linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and forced degradation studies, which further proved the stability-indicating power. Linearity of ambrisentan peak area responses was demonstrated within the concentration range of 25-200 µg/mL. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.2 and 0.6 µg/mL, respectively. Forced degradation studies were performed on ambrisentan bulk drug samples as per ICH guidelines to demonstrate the stability-indicating power of the HPLC method. Significant degradation was observed during acidic hydrolysis, neutral hydrolysis and oxidative stress. The degradation products were well resolved from primary peak of ambrisentan, indicating that the method is specific and stability indicating. The newly developed method is applicable for assay determination of active pharmaceutical ingredient.

A Stability-indicating HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Mebeverine Hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide in Commercial Tablets

A stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed which can separate and accurately quantitate Mebeverine hydrochloride (MEB) and Chlordiazepoxide (CPZ) in commercial tablets. The method has shown adequate separation for MEB and CPZ from their degradation products and main impurities of CPZ whether in pure forms or in commercial tablets. A gradient mobile phase system consisting of (A) water and (B) methanol was used with Phenomenex® Luna C18 analytical column (250mm x 4.6mm i.d., 5µm ps). Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 254 nm, based on peak area. MEB and CPZ were subjected to acidic, basic hydrolysis and oxidative degradation to apply stress conditions. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 40-130 µg ml-1 (r = 0.9987) for MEB and 8-22 µg ml-1 (r = 0.9991) for CPZ. The limits of detection were 4.77µg ml-1 and 0.71µg ml-1 for MEB and CPZ, respectively. The limits of quantitation were 14.44 µg ml-1 and 2.14 µg ml-1 for MEB and CPZ, respectively. Degradation products of MEB, CPZ and impurities of CPZ did not interfere with the detection of MEB and CPZ. The proposed method can thus be considered as a stability indicating assay. Keywords: Mebeverine hydrochloride, chlordiazepoxide, stability-indicating, RPHPLC, validation.

Physico-chemical stability of eribulin mesylate containing concentrate and ready-to-administer solutions

The aim of this study was to determine the stability of commercially available eribulin mesylate containing injection solution as well as diluted ready-to-administer solutions stored under refrigeration or at room temperature. Stability was studied by a novel developed stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assay with ultraviolet detection (detection wavelength 200 nm). Triplicate test solutions of eribulin mesylate containing injection concentrate (0.5 mg/mL) and with 0.9% sodium chloride solution diluted ready-to-administer preparations (0.205 mg/mL eribulin mesylate in polypropylene (PP) syringes, 0.020 mg/mL eribulin mesylate in polypropylene/polyethylene (PE) bags) were stored protected from light either at room temperature (25) or under refrigeration (2-8). Samples were withdrawn on day 0 (initial), 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of storage and assayed. Physical stability was determined by measuring the pH value once a week and checking for visible precipitations or colour changes. The stability tests revealed that concentrations of eribulin mesylate remained unchanged over a period of 28 days irrespective of concentration, container material or storage temperature. Neither colour changes nor visible particles have been observed. The pH value varied slightly over time but remained in the stability favourable range of 5-9. Eribulin mesylate injection (0.5 mg/mL) is physico-chemically stable over a period of 28 days after first puncture of the vial. After dilution with 0.9% NaCl vehicle solution, ready-to-administer eribulin mesylate injection solutions (0.205 mg/mL in PP syringe) and infusion solutions (0.02 mg/mL in prefilled PP/PE bags) are physico-chemically stable for a period of at least four weeks either refrigerated or stored at room temperature. For microbiological reasons storage under refrigeration is recommended.

Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Perindopril Erbumine in Tablet Dosage Form

A specific, stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of perindopril erbumine (PDE) in tablet dosage form. The HPLC method showed adequate separation of PDE from its degradation products. The separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm × 5 µm) using a mobile phase composition of 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 (pH adjusted to 3 with ammonia) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The injection volume was 20 µL and the wavelength of detection was kept at 215 nm. Stress studies were performed with 1 mg/mL of each drug, starting with mild conditions and followed by stronger conditions to achieve sufficient degradation at approximately 5-20%. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 2.5 to 50 µg/mL for PDE. The limits of detection and quantification were found to be 0.75 and 2.3 µg/mL, respectively.

Stability of U-500 regular insulin in prefilled syringes

ObjectiveTo evaluate the stability of U-500 regular insulin in prefilled syringes stored under refrigeration for up to 28 days. MethodsU-500 regular insulin was drawn up in 1mL insulin syringes in a clean, nonsterile environment to emulate conditions of a patient's home. Samples were assayed using a stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method immediately after preparation (day 0) and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days under refrigeration. Before evaluation, all samples were diluted to a concentration of 40 units/mL in the starting mobile phase. Stability was determined by evaluating the percentage of the initial concentration remaining at each time point. ResultsAt least 93.3% of the initial U-500 insulin concentration remained throughout the 28-day study period, with no statistically significant changes in the amount remaining. The percent of initial concentration remained above 97% for the first 21 days of the study. ConclusionA prefilled syringe with U-500 regular insulin is stable for at least 28 days when stored under refrigeration. These data are similar to those reported for U-100 regular insulin, indicating that prefilling syringes with U-500 insulin is a safe and effective practice for patients who are unable to accurately draw up their own point-of-care doses.

Development and Validation of a Novel Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Halometasone, Fusidic Acid, Methylparaben, and Propylparaben in Topical Pharmaceutical Formulation

A stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of halometasone, fusidic acid, methylparaben, and propylparaben in topical pharmaceutical formulation. The desired chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax CN (Cyano), 5 μm (250 × 4.6 mm) column using gradient elution at 240 nm detector wavelength. The optimized mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 0.01 M phosphate buffer and 0.1% orthophosphoric acid, pH-adjusted to 2.5 with an ammonia solution as solvent-A and acetonitrile as solvent-B. The developed method separated halometasone, fusidic acid, methylparaben, and propylparaben in the presence of known impurities/degradation products. The stability-indicating capability was established by forced degradation experiments and separation of known and unknown degradation products. The developed RP-HPLC method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. This validated method was applied for the simultaneous estimation of HM, FA, MP, and PP in commercially available cream samples. Further, the method can be extended for the estimation of HM, FA, MP, and PP in various commercially available dosage forms.

Development and application of stability-indicating HPLC method for the determination of nevirapine and its impurity in combination drug product

Summary A stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the estimation of nevirapine and its impurity, namely the related compound A and the related compound B in combination drug product. The separation was carried out on SUPELCOSIL ABZ (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column. Tablet was admitted to the stress conditions of acid, base, peroxide, thermal, humidity, and photolytic degradation. The degradation products were well resolved from nevirapine, and its impurities peaks and the peak homogeneity of compound were obtained using photo diode array detector, hence proving the stability-indicating nature of the method. Moreover, to prove the selectivity of the method, individual lamivudine, zidovudine, and their main impurities were injected. The developed method was linear for nevirapine from 120 to 360 µg mL−1, and the linear regression obtained was >0.999. Recovery data were in the range 98.2–101.5%. The limit of quantification for related compound A and related compound B was found to be 0.02%. The proposed method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines and proved suitable for stability testing and quality control of these drugs in pharmaceutical preparations.

A Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Bazedoxifene Acetate and its Related Substances in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

A simple, cost effective, stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the quantitative determination of bazedoxifene acetate (BAZ) drug substance in the presence of its impurities and degradation products. The method was developed using an X-terra RP-18, 150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm column with a mobile phase containing solvent A, a mixture of 10 mM K(2)HPO(4) (pH 8.3) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 70:30 (v/v); and solvent B, a mixture of water and acetonitrile in the ratio 10:90 (v/v). The eluted compounds were monitored at 220 nm, and within a short run time of 18 min, BAZ and its impurities were satisfactorily separated with resolution more than 2.0. BAZ was subjected to stress degradation and found to be sensitive towards acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal and hydrolytic stress conditions and stable in photo degradation conditions. The degradation products were well resolved from BAZ peak and its impurities; the mass balance in each case was more than 99.5%, proving the stability-indicating power of the method. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity (correlation coefficient > 0.9994), limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy (recovery range 96.3 to 102.1%), precision (relative standard deviation < 2.8%) and robustness.

Determination and Stability Assessment of Clarithromycin in Human Plasma using RP-LC with Electrochemical Detection

A selective, sensitive and stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the determination of clarithromycin antibiotic in human plasma. Liquid chromatography was performed on a 5-µm (100 × 4.6 mm) C8 column at 40°C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile with 0.045M H(3)PO(4) (37:63, v/v) adjusted to pH 6.7 and pumped at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. Detections were monitored on an electrochemical detector operated at a potential of 0.85 V with glassy carbon electrode against Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Each analysis required 13 min and quantification over the range of 0.05-5.0 µg/mL of plasma was linear, as indicated by a correlation coefficient (R(2)), 0.9999. The method was validated according to international guidelines. Data with respect to accuracy, within-run and between run, were close to 100% with 4% precision. Absolute recovery was 95%. The limit of quantification was 0.05 µg/mL. Neither endogenous substances nor commonly used drugs were found to interfere with the retention times of analytes. Stock solutions and calibration standards of the drug and quality control preparations were demonstrated to be stable at room temperature and -20°C for long and short periods of time. Eventually, the proposed method was successfully applied to quantify clarithromycin in spiked human plasma and real samples from healthy volunteers, indicating the utility and throughput of this method for clinical and bioavailability studies.

Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating HPLC Assay Method for Simultaneous Determination of Spironolactone and Furosemide in Tablet Formulation

The objective of the current study was to develop and validate a simple, precise and accurate isocratic stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assay method for the determination of spironolactone and furosemide in solid pharmaceutical dosage forms. Isocratic RP-HPLC separation was achieved on an SGE 150 × 4.6 mm SS Wakosil II 5C8RS 5-μm column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate buffer (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection was carried out at 254 nm using a photodiode array detector. The drug was subject to oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis and heat to apply stress conditions. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and solution stability. The method was found to be linear in the drug concentration range of 40-160 µg/mL with correlation coefficients of 0.9977 and 0.9953 for spironolactone and furosemide, respectively. The precision (relative standard deviation; RSD) among a six-sample preparation was 0.87% and 1.1% for spironolactone and furosemide, respectively. Repeatability and intermediate precision (RSD) among a six-sample preparation were 0.46% and 0.20% for spironolactone and furosemide, respectively. The accuracy (recovery) was between 98.05 and 100.17% and 99.07 and 100.58% for spironolactone and furosemide, respectively. Degradation products produced as a result of stress studies did not interfere with the detection of spironolactone and furosemide; therefore, the assay can be considered to be stability-indicating.

Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Indiquinoline Tartrate, a Novel Kappa Opioid Agonist, and its Related Substances by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the assay of indiquinoline tartrate and its related substances. The method was established by forced degradation experiments and system suitability experiments. The chromatographic separation was achieved with a Hedera ODS-3 column (5 µm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm) and the mobile phase was constituted (flow rate 1.0 mL/min) of eluant A, aqueous acetate buffer and eluant B, CH(3)OH using a gradient elution. A photodiode array detector set at 254 nm was used for detection. The investigated validation elements showed that the method has acceptable specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision, robustness and high sensitivity with limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The method can be used for routine quality control analysis and stability testing of indiquinoline tartrate drug substance.

Development and Validation of a Novel Stability-Indicating Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Assay of Loratadine and Determination of Its Related Compounds

Loratadine is an important active pharmaceutical ingredient used in a wide variety of prescription and over-the-counter products for the treatment and relief of allergy symptoms. A novel stability-indicating gradient ion-pair RP-HPLC method for assay of loratadine and determination of both of its degradation compounds and process impurities has been developed. This method can separate loratadine from its eight structurally related compounds; it can also separate all of the related compounds from each other in less than 20 min. The stability-indicating capability of this method has been demonstrated by analyzing aged stability samples of loratadine. A 15 cm x 4.6 mm id YMC-Pack Pro C18 HPLC column was the primary column and a 15 cm x 4.6 mm id SunFire C18 column has been identified as an alternate (truly equivalent) column for this method. This gradient method uses mobile phases consisting of acetonitrile and an aqueous solution of 10 mM sodium acetate and 5 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate at pH 5.5. The new HPLC method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and proved to be suitable for routine QC use.

Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating LC Method for the Determination of Venlafaxine in Extended-Release Capsules and Dissolution Kinetic Studies

A stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method is developed and validated for the determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride (VEN) in extended-release capsules containing spherical beads and for dissolution studies. The method is carried out on a Luna C(18) column (250 mm x 4.6 mm) maintained at 35 degrees C. The mobile phase is composed of ammonium-acetate buffer 32 mM, adjusted to pH 6.8 with phosphoric acid-acetonitrile-methanol (62:30:8, v/v/v), run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and detection at 226 nm. Validation parameters such as the specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness are evaluated, giving results within the acceptable range. In order to evaluate the best dissolution condition, the dissolution profiles are performed under different conditions, such as media (HCl, water, phosphate buffer), apparatus (I and II), and dissolution rates (50, 75, and 100 rpm). The kinetics release mechanism is evaluated by fitting different models, such as the zero order rate, first order, and Higuchi. Moreover, the proposed method is successfully applied for the assay of VEN in extended-release capsules.

Development and validation of a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the determination of paracetamol with dantrolene or/and cetirizine and pseudoephedrine in two pharmaceutical dosage forms

A stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed which can separate and accurately quantitate paracetamol, dantrolene, cetirizine and pseudoephedrine. The method was successfully validated for the purpose of conducting stability studies of the four analytes in quality control (QC) laboratories. The stability-indicating capability of the method was demonstrated by adequate separation of these four analytes from all the degradant peaks. A gradient mobile phase system consisting of (A) 50 mmol L −1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 mmol L −1 heptane sulfonic acid sodium salt, pH 4.2 and (B) acetonitrile was used with Discovery reversed-phase HS C 18 analytical column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size). Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 214 nm, based on peak area. The proposed method was validated and successfully applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and laboratory-prepared mixtures containing the two multicomponent combinations.

Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating LC Method to Quantify Hydrochlorothiazide in Oral Suspension for Pediatric Use

A stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) method was developed and validated for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide in an oral suspension. Isocratic chromatography was performed on a C18 column with 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer pH 3.0/acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.3 mL min−1, and UV detection at 254 nm. The method was linear (r 2 = 0.9998), accurate (mean recovery = 100.3%), and precise (RSD <2%). It was also validated for specificity and robustness. The method was successfully applied for the quality control analysis of a new pharmaceutical formulation of HCTZ for pediatric use.

A new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the analysis of halofantrine (HF) in pharmaceuticals

A simple, rapid and stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the assay of halofantrine (HF) base, 1,3-dichloro-α-[2-(dibutylamino)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-9-phenanthrenemethanol. The HPLC method was validated for precision, accuracy, selectivity and linearity and range. It was used to assay for HF base in solid dispersions. Excellent linearity was observed between HF base concentration and the peak area ( R 2=0.9998). The limit of detection was 1 ng (with a signal-to-noise ratio of 2:1), and the limit of quantitation was 10 ng (with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10:1). The method proved to be selective. Selectivity was validated by subjecting a stock solution of HF to acidic, basic, oxidative and thermal degradations. The peaks of the degradation products did not interfere with the peak of HF. Excipients present in the solid dispersions did not interfere with the analysis.

Quantitation of Ranitidine Hydrochloride in Tablets and Injections Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

AbstractA stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method without the use of a counterion has been developed to quantify ranitidine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method is accurate and precise with a percent relative standard deviation of 1.5 based on 5 injections. The extraction procedure for ranitidine from tablets is very simple and there was no interference from the excipients present. Ranitidine appears to be stable to heat on the acidic side and very susceptible to decomposition on the basic side. It lost 84.4% of potency on 20 minute boiling with sodium hydroxide with a new peak in the chromatogram. It lost 37.8% of the potency on treatment with hydrogen peroxide solution for 20 minutes at room temperature with 2 new peaks in the chromatogram.