Stable Ratios Research Articles

Application of simulated annealing algorithm in multi-objective cooperative scheduling of load and storage of source network for load side of new power system

To improve the adaptability of grid load collaborative scheduling, a multi-objective collaborative scheduling method based on a simulated annealing algorithm for the load storage of grid loads on the load side of a new power system is proposed. Local bus transmission technology is adopted to collect the dynamic parameters of energy network load energy storage on the load side of the new power system. The collected load dynamic parameters are fused with energy distribution state parameters to extract the state characteristics of energy network load storage. The simulated annealing algorithm is adopted to realize the load characteristics fusion and adaptive scheduling processing of energy network on the load side of the power system, and the spectral characteristics of the load dynamic parameters are extracted. The dynamic scheduling method of simulated annealing is used to realize the multi-objective optimization of dynamic load of energy network. Based on the co-optimization results of simulated annealing, the optimization application of the simulated annealing algorithm in the multi-objective co-scheduling of loads and energy storage in a new power system is realized. The experimental results show that after 400 iterations, the control convergence accuracy of the proposed method reaches 0.980, which is significantly better than that of the comparison method, and performs well in terms of scheduling efficiency improvement, load scheduling stability, scheduling time and energy waste ratio, proving that the method has good multi-objective integration and strong optimization ability in the scheduling process, and improves the load balanced scheduling and adaptive control ability of the power system.

On the Development of Vehicle Dynamics Active Systems: The Handling Stability Ratio as a Strategic Indicator for Integrating Multiple Actuators

On the Development of Vehicle Dynamics Active Systems: The Handling Stability Ratio as a Strategic Indicator for Integrating Multiple Actuators

FINANCIAL STABILITY IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF ENTERPRISES: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND FORMALIZATION OF ASSESSMENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The idea of sustainable development entails the modernization of the financial mechanism and the development of financial activity models in the context of ensuring their stability at various levels of economic management. Financial stability refers to the state of financial resources where assets and liabilities are balanced in a fluctuating internal and external environment, maintaining financial solvency and appealing to investors, all while operating within a manageable risk threshold. The analysis of such indicators allows for assessing the enterprise's readiness to meet its debts, financial independence, and efficient management of own and borrowed funds.The aim of this article is to explore theoretical and methodological approaches and methods of systemic analysis of the financial stability of enterprises under conditions of sustainable development. The theoretical foundations and methodological approaches to systemic analysis of financial stability were studied. The financial stability analysis of enterprises was conducted using a methodology for calculating the coverage of assets by their financing sources. The proposed financial stability calculation algorithm utilizes a balance model of financial equilibrium and involves computing a three-component indicator to determine the optimal coverage levels for financing sources using both absolute and relative metrics. This method enables the identification of weak areas within a company, which can serve as potential reserves for enhancing its financial standing. Analytical indicators that form part of the systemic financial stability analysis include the financial independence ratio (autonomy), the financial dependency ratio (equity multiplier), the loan capital concentration ratio, the financial risk ratio, the financial stability ratio, the long-term debt ratio, and the equity mobility ratio. The calculation of the proposed analytical indicators for assessing financial stability across enterprises of various organizational and legal forms and business sizes demonstrated the universality and broad applicability of this systemic analysis methodology.

Activity–Stability Relationship in Compositionally Tuned Magnetron Co‐Sputtered Bimetallic Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

ABSTRACTIn the present study, magnetron‐sputtered PtxM100−x (M = Co, Cu, and Y; x = 25, 50, 75, and 100) bimetallic alloys were investigated as PEMFC cathodes. Accurate composition and layer thickness control enabled a systematic study of the correlation between the alloy composition, its activity, and stability. The catalysts underwent thorough characterization, employing a diverse portfolio of characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and cyclic voltammetry. The activity of all investigated alloys was tested directly in a fuel cell device, whereas stability was assessed through potentiodynamic cycling in a half‐cell. The activity–stability index, considering experimental results for both activity and stability, was calculated and compared for all investigated catalysts. All alloys exhibited a volcano‐type trend in the activity–stability index as a function of the concentration of the alloying element with maxima observed for Pt50Co50, Pt50Cu50, and Pt75Y25 for respective alloys, surpassing that of monometallic platinum. Overall, Pt50Co50 emerged as a catalyst with the highest activity–stability ratio.

Drug-Phospholipid Co-Amorphous Formulations: The Role of Preparation Methods and Phospholipid Selection.

Background/Objectives: This study aims to broaden the knowledge on co-amorphous phospholipid systems (CAPSs) by exploring the formation of CAPSs with a broader range of poorly water-soluble drugs, celecoxib (CCX), furosemide (FUR), nilotinib (NIL), and ritonavir (RIT), combined with amphiphilic phospholipids (PLs), including soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine (HPC), and mono-acyl phosphatidylcholine (MAPC). Methods: The CAPSs were initially prepared at equimolar drug-to-phospholipid (PL) ratios by mechano-chemical activation-based, melt-based, and solvent-based preparation methods, i.e., ball milling (BM), quench cooling (QC), and solvent evaporation (SE), respectively. The solid state of the product was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The long-term physical stability of the CAPSs was investigated at room temperature under dry conditions (0% RH) and at 75% RH. The dissolution behavior of the CCX CAPS and RIT CAPS was studied. Results: Our findings indicate that SE consistently prepared CAPSs for CCX-PLs, FUR-PLs, and RIT-PLs, whereas the QC method could only form CAPSs for RIT-PLs, CCX-SPC, and CCX-MAPC. In contrast, the BM method failed to produce CAPSs, but all drugs alone could be fully amorphized. While the stability of each drug varied depending on the PLs used, the SE CAPS consistently demonstrated the highest stability by a significant margin. Initially, a 1:1 molar ratio was used for screening all systems, though the optimal molar ratio for drug stability remained uncertain. To address this, various molar ratios were investigated to determine the ratio yielding the highest amorphous drug stability. Our results indicate that all systems remained physically stable at a 1.5:1 ratio and with excess of PL. Furthermore, the CAPS formed by the SE significantly improves the dissolution behavior of CCX and RIT, whereas the PLs provide a slight precipitation inhibition for supersaturated CCX and RIT. Conclusions: These findings support the use of a 1:1 molar ratio in screening processes and suggest that CAPSs can be effectively prepared with relatively high drug loads compared to traditional drug-polymer systems. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical role of drug selection, the preparation method, and the PL type in developing stable and effective CAPSs.

Mechanical and physical properties of stabilized compressed earth block (CEB) reinforced with date palm wood chips

In the building sector, compressed earth blocks (CEB) are valued for their affordability, environmental friendliness, and energy efficiency. This study investigates the mechanical and physical properties of CEBs reinforced with date palm wood chips (DPWC) in variable amounts (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) and stabilized with different stabilizers (5% and 10% cement, 7% and 12% lime). The mixtures were then compacted under a static load. The mechanical properties were evaluated through compressive strength tests conducted under both wet and dry conditions at 28 days. In addition to assessing the mechanical performance of CEB over the long term, flexural and compressive strength tests were performed on CEB samples after 60 days. The findings show that adding (DPWC) improves the flexural strength in particular cement stabilization ratios, while adversely affecting the compressive strength of CEB. The study highlights the need for careful fiber content management, as excessive fibers can weaken CEB, particularly when lime is used as a stabilizer. Furthermore, Cement-stabilized CEBs continue to improve in strength over time, while lime-stabilized samples show less significant improvements.

Hyaluronic acid based nanoparticles that mediate sustained thanatin release protect against NDM-1–resistant bacterial infections in a murine model

Thanatin, a potent cationic antimicrobial peptide, has demonstrated remarkable efficacy against new NDM-1 producing bacteria. However, its clinical application is hampered by suboptimal stability in circulation and limited bioavailability in the human body. To overcome these challenges, a novel thanatin nanomedicine has been developed, which encapsulated thanatin in nanoparticles formed by electrostatic interactions between negatively charged HA and PLGA. The obtained ThaNPs demonstrated good stability, low cytotoxicity, and good metabolic ratio. ThaNPs significantly improve the stability of thanatin in the circulation, increasing its half-life in 50 % serum from 0.6 h to 3.2 h. Notably, the protective effect of ThaNPs against sepsis induced by NDM-1–producing Escherichia coli. was 10-fold higher than that of unencapsulated thanatin. These findings suggest that hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles have the potentiality to overcome the clinical limitations associated with cationic antimicrobial peptides, thereby providing a novel and effective strategy for treating severe infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Optimization of the Thickness Ratio and Roll-Bonding Parameters of Bimetallic Ti/Al Rod for Bending-Dominated Negative Thermal Expansion Metamaterials.

Roll-bonding has rarely been applied to prepare rods for negative thermal expansion metamaterials (NTEMs). Parameters for quantitatively assessing the isotropy and cyclic thermal stability of the thermal expansion coefficient α of NTEMs are lacking. Here, the Ti-to-Al thickness ratio in bimetallic rods for "cross-shaped" node bending-dominated NTEMs was optimized using a general model proposed in the literature. The finite element method was used to determine the optimal initial thickness ratio of the billet, as well as the reduction ratio and rolling temperature. NTEMs were prepared with roll-bonded Ti/Al rods and Ti nodes. A relatively high thermal expansion coefficient was obtained when the thickness ratio of the 7075 Al alloy of the rods was in the range of 0.56-0.60. The optimized roll-bonding process to meet this thickness ratio was as follows: a rolling temperature of 400 °C, a reduction ratio of 50%, and TA1 Ti and 7075 Al billet thicknesses of 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively. The isotropy and cyclic thermal stability ratios were proposed to quantitatively assess the isotropy and cyclic thermal stability of the NTEMs. These results help to expand the preparation and evaluation methods for NTEMs.

Inclusion of Glenoid Anteversion Provides a More Accurate Assessment of Glenoid Stability Using a Measuring Protocol for Modified Bony Shoulder Stability Ratio

PurposeThe objectives are to clarify whether there is a disparity between the conventional bony shoulder stability ratio (cBSSR) calculated using Moroder's method and satbility ratio (SR) obtained biomechanically, and whether the modified BSSR (mBSSR) calculated using the new method adjusted for glenoid anteversion shows good consistency with the biomechanically determined SR. MethodsForty-two glenoid models were successively constructed from seven cadaveric scapula bones, each with varying degrees of bone defects (intact/2 mm/4 mm/6 mm/8 mm/10 mm). The cBSSR and mBSSR were calculated by using the conventional and the modified radiological protocols, respectively. A biomechanical experiment was conducted to measure the biomechanical SR of the glenoid model for accuracy validation. Linear regression, ICC, Bland‒Altman plots, and repeated ANOVA were performed to compare these methods to ascertain the impact of including glenoid anteversion on the accuracy of the BSSR. ResultsThe mBSSR, which includes glenoid anteversion, showed a stronger correlation with biomechanical SRs compared to the cBSSR. Linear regression analysis showed R2 = 0.7727 and ICC = 0.726 for mBSSR vs. biomechanical SR, while R2 = 0.5507 and ICC = 0.363 for cBSSR vs. biomechanical SR. Bland‒Altman analysis revealed less bias between the mBSSR and biomechanical SR (bias = 0.0854, 95% CI [-0.0762, 0.2470]) than between the cBSSR and biomechanical SR (bias = 0.1899, 95% CI [0.0039, 0.3759]). Repeated measures ANOVA confirmed a significant difference between the cBSSR and biomechanical SR (p = 0.002). ConclusionThe inclusion of glenoid anteversion in the mBSSR calculations provides a more accurate assessment of glenoid stability. Our findings indicate the need to consider anteversion adjustments in BSSR estimation. Clinical RelevanceOur present research identified that conventional methods did not take glenoid anteversion into account. Through comprehensive biomechanical experiment, we have demonstrated that incorporating glenoid anteversion in the BSSR calculation yields a more precise assessment of glenoid stability, which can provide a crucial methodological foundation for clinical assessments.

Diagnostic Utility of Combining Homocysteine, Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2, and the C-Reactive Protein-to-Albumin Ratio for Assessing Carotid Atherosclerosis and Plaque Stability in Patients with Essential Hypertension.

The objective of this study is to determine the diagnostic utility of combining homocysteine (HCY), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2), and the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) for carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and plaque stability in patients with essential hypertension (EH). A total of 280 patients with EH were divided into 2 groups according to ultrasound diagnosis: CAS (n = 106) and non-CAS (N-CAS [n = 174]). The CAS group was further segmented into plaque-stable (n = 50) and plaque non-stable (n = 56) groups. General data were collected for all patients. Risk factors associated with CAS and plaque instability in patients with EH, and the diagnostic utility of HCY, LP-PLA2, and CAR testing alone, or in combination, for assessing CAS and plaque instability were determined. Mean age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), duration of EH, smoking, total cholesterol high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HCY, LP-PLA2 levels, and CAR were higher in the CAS group than those in the N-CAS group (P < 0.05). SBP, duration of EH, HCY and LP-PLA2 levels, and CAR were independent risk factors for CAS (P < 0.05). In addition, HCY, LP-PLA2, and CAR alone demonstrated significant diagnostic efficacy (P < 0.001) but were inferior to the combined diagnostic utility of the 3 parameters (P < 0.001). HCY and LP-PLA2 levels, and CAR were higher in the plaque non-stable than in the plaque-stable group (P < 0.05). Duration of EH, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HCY, LP-PLA2, and CAR independently influenced plaque instability in patients with CAS (P < 0.05). The combined diagnostic utility of HCY, LP-PLA2, and CAR (P < 0.001) was superior to that of each parameter alone and demonstrated more pronounced diagnostic efficacy (P < 0.001). HCY, LP-PLA2, and CAR were independent risk factors for CAS and plaque instability in patients with EH. HCY, LP-PLA2, and CAR demonstrated significant diagnostic efficacy for CAS and plaque instability, and combination of the 3 demonstrated the most pronounced diagnostic efficacy.

Sugarcane bagasse derived biochar potential to improve soil structure and water availability in texturally different soils

Low organic matter content is one of the main constraints in arid and semiarid regions. This constraint and its negative influences on soils and plant growth may be alleviated by biochar (BC). Furthermore, improving soil physical and hydraulic attributes by application of biochar has received increased attention. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar on the structural stability, water availability, and pore-size distribution (PSD) of three texturally different calcareous soils collected from different agro-climatologically regions were examined during a long-term experiment. Low and high-temperature biochars, produced in a muffle furnace by the traditional slow pyrolysis method at 300 °C (BC300) and 600 °C (BC600) were evaluated. Pots (15 kg) were filled with three different silty-clay Inceptisols (SCInc), silty-clay-loam Alfisols (SCLAlf), and loam Aridisols (LArid) soils mixed with 0 (control), 1, 2, and 3 w/w% of BC300 and BC600 during 540 days of incubation. The high energy moisture characteristic (HEMC) data was modeled using a modified van Genuchten function to quantify aggregate stability through stability ratio (SR) and structural stability index (SSI). The plant available water (PAW), least limiting water range (LLWR), and integral water capacity (IWC) were calculated with two matric suctions (h) of 330 cm for field capacity (FC) and 15,000 cm for permanent wilting point (PWP). Then the integral energy (EI) values were calculated (EIIWC). Results indicated that the incorporation of 3 w/w% biochar significantly (p < 0.01) increased SR (35 to 100%) and SSI (21 to 28%) indices in all three soils. Biochar significantly increased modal suction (MS) in LArid soils (5 to 158%); whereas, decreased MS of the other soils (3 to 43%). MS, SR, and SSI of BC300 and BC600-treated soils were not significantly different. PAW, LLWR, and IWC significantly decreased in the SCInc (18 to 61%, 8 to 44%, and 6 to 35%) and SCLAlf (8 to 44%, 18 to 35%, and 20 to 47%) soils and increased in LArid (4 to 54%, 3 to 61%, and 24 to 111%) soil with increasing biochar doses. There were no changes in EIIWC in biochar-treated LArid soil where PAW, LLWR, and IWC increased. Biochar increased EIIWC across the studied soil from 1% to 3.38 folds, thereby increasing the gradient of water potential to absorb the available water. Soil and soil-biochar mixtures exhibited heterogeneous and multimodal pore-size distribution (PSD). Biochar promoted the PSD peaks related to water-transmitting pores in SCInc and SCLAlf soils while decreased in LArid soil. In conclusion, results indicated that among the applied levels of biochar, the application of 3 w/w% biochar is suggested as a suitable way to improve soil physical behavior and structural stability.

A comparative Analysis of glenoid morphology in On- and Off-Track Lesions following anterior shoulder dislocation

BackgroundAnterior shoulder dislocation is a prevalent clinical issue, with high recurrence rates after initial dislocation. Stability of the shoulder joint is maintained by the interplay of static and dynamic stabilizers, including the glenoid and humeral head morphology. Glenoid morphology has been identified as particularly influential in joint stability, and thus the evaluation of glenoid bone loss is crucial in managing shoulder dislocations. This study aimed to investigate the differences in glenoid morphologies between on-track and off-track lesions post-dislocation. MethodsThis retrospective case-control study included patients who presented with shoulder dislocation at a level 1 trauma center from 2011 to 2020. Patients with anterior shoulder dislocation, complete CT imaging, visible bone loss and those aged 18 years or older were included. Radiographic parameters were assessed using a certified PACS workstation. The groups were divided into On- or off-track lesions and their glenoid version, glenoid concavity and the morphometrical based bony shoulder stability ratio (BSSR) were compared. Results212 patients (70% male and mean age of 50 years) were included and no significant difference was found between the on-track and off-track groups in terms of demographics or injury mechanism. Significant differences were noted in the glenoid defect (1.28 mm vs. 4.67mm, p 0.001), glenoid concavity/depth (1.7mm vs. 1.3mm, p 0.001) the BSSR (40% vs 33%, p 0.001) and glenoid retroversion (4.4 vs. 2.9°, p 0.009). ConclusionGlenoid morphology has become an increasing focus in the treatment of anterior shoulder dislocation. Patients with an off-track lesion appear to have not only greater glenoid loss and a larger Hill-Sachs, but also a flatter glenoid with less retroversion. This also appears to lead to a lower BSSR.

DIVING DEEP INTO FIN- TECHS: AN EXAMINATION OF ONE 97 COMMUNICATIONS LTD. (PAYTM) FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

India has seen rise in the number of the Fin -Techs as a part of Start Ups project coming up. Need to analysis the financial statements of such start ups becomes an important task as many stakeholders as being connected directly or indirectly with the company. In this study the financial statement analysis of ONE 97 COMMUNICATIONS Ltd. popularly well known as Paytm was done in the context of profitability and financial stability ratios using the data for the period of 2 years since its listing of the Stock Exchanges. Results showed that there are positive trends in the reduction of loss magnitudes and improvements in operational efficiency. It is crucial for the company to continue its efforts to enhance profitability, manage costs, and work towards achieving positive returns for both assets and equity. On side of financial stability the company has a healthy current and liquid ratio, indicating strong short-term liquidity but the position still needs to be continued for a long term to see a better and positive picture.

Finite‐Element Analysis of an Antagonistic Bistable Shape Memory Alloy Beam Actuator

A finite‐element (FE) analysis of the active bistability of an antagonistic shape memory alloy (SMA) beam actuator of TiNiCu is presented. The actuator comprises two coupled SMA beams that are clamped at both ends and coupled in their center by a spacer having different memory shapes being deflected in opposite out‐of‐plane directions. The actuator is characterized by two equilibrium positions. To determine bistable behavior as a function of geometrical parameters, a force criterion is defined by the coupling force of the beams in austenitic and martensitic states. Bistable behavior is achieved, if the coupling force does not change sign in the entire displacement range. This implies that the austenitic beam dominates the opposing martensitic beam. Thus, selective heating of the SMA beams results in a snap‐through motion of the coupled SMA beams. Depending on which of the two beams is in austenitic state, either of the two equilibrium positions is reached without the need for an external force. It is demonstrated that geometrical parameters like initial predeflection and spacer length have a crucial effect on the bistable performance. Bistable regions as well as critical limits characterized by geometry‐dependent stability ratios, beyond which the actuator's performance becomes monostable, are identified.

Unlocking the wound healing potential of Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Kaff Maryam) Extract's nanosuspension: UPLC-MS/MS metabolic profiling, formulation development and statistical optimization

BackgroundAnastatica hierochuntica L. (Kaff Maryam) is a desert plant with documented therapeutic applications. Various medicinal uses have been reported for the plant extract such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective activities. The abundant plants constituents are promising and encourage the investigation of novel therapeutic uses. The principal objective of this study was to identify the bioactive constituents of A. hierochuntica (AH) by phytochemical profiling of its ethanolic extract, alongside an investigation of its wound healing efficacy after being formulated into nanosuspension for topical localized wound treatment. MethodA comprehensive metabolomics study of the ethanolic extract of A. hierochuntica aerial parts was assessed using UPLC MS/MS technique. Additionally, the preparation of AH nanosuspension was executed utilizing the antisolvent-precipitation method. A D-optimal experimental design was adopted to investigate the influence of variables such as: stabilizer ratio, antisolvent: solvent ratio, and stabilizer type on particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). The design also was employed in the optimization process. The selected optimal formula was further assessed for size characteristics, morphological identification by TEM, storage stability, FTIR, cytocompatibility with human skin fibroblast (HSF), and scratch assay on HSF to assess wound healing aptitude. ResultsChemical profiling of the aerial parts revealed an abundance of glucosinolates, flavonoids, flavolignans, and fatty acids. The optimized AH-nanosuspension showed small particle size (128.87 ± 26 nm), small PDI (0.136 ± 0.05), and high ZP absolute value (−37.53 ± 0.52 mV). Furthermore, TEM photography of the optimal nanosuspension formula exhibited circular non-aggregating nanosized particles. FTIR confirmed the successful formulation of the AH ethanolic extract into nanosuspension with no physicochemical interactions. Additionally, AH-nanosuspension demonstrated cytocompatibility with HSF with IC50 = 58.317 μg/mL. Moreover, both AH pure extract and AH-nanosuspension exhibited a remarkable cell migration rate and wound closure % which propounds an auspicious wound healing potential. ConclusionThe study accentuates the supremacy of the nanosized delivery approach of AH aerial parts ethanolic extract and warrants further in-vivo investigations to establish its clinical utility for wound management.

Assessing inter-ocular fixational eye movements throughout the lifespan.

This study aims to assess fixational eye movements (FEMs) obtained under binocular and monocular viewing in normal individuals across different age groups. We recruited 68 healthy participants divided into Group 1 (children, 3-9 years, n = 20), Group 2 (adolescents, 10-19 years, n = 26), and Group 3 (adults, 20-73 years, n = 22). FEMs were collected using a high-resolution video-based tracker under 3 viewing conditions: binocular viewing (BV), monocular viewing right eye (MV_RE), and monocular viewing left eye (MV_LE). We quantified fixation stability, the frequency, amplitude, and disconjugacy of fixational saccades, and inter-saccadic drift velocity in BV, MV_RE, and MV_LE. We also computed inter-ocular fixation stability under binocular viewing and monocular viewing in the 3 groups. Fixation instability (FI) and fixational saccade amplitudes were higher in Group 1 than in Group 3 whereas inter-saccadic drifts were increased in Group 3. Vergence stability was greater in binocular viewing than in monocular viewing likely due to binocular summation in all groups. However, the fixational saccade amplitude and drift velocity of the right and left eye did not significantly differ across different viewing conditions within each group. Interestingly, the inter-ocular fixation stability ratio and vergence stability showed no significant differences between the groups. In conclusion, FEMs differ across age groups but inter-ocular FEMs are immune to the effects of age and can be a valuable parameter while evaluating FEM abnormalities in diseases like amblyopia.

Hydrogeochemical evaluation and characterization of water quality in the Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal.

The study was carried out in the Phewa Lake of Pokhara Metropolitan City, Gandaki Province, Nepal, for geochemical assessment and characterization of the lake water quality. A total of 28 water samples were collected in each season from the different zones of the lake in March 2022 (pre-monsoon) and November 2022 (post-monsoon). The lake exhibitedelevated levels of PO43-, NO3-, and NH3, indicating that anthropogenic activities are interfering the lake water. The significant differences in many monitored physicochemical parameters between the pre- and post-monsoon visualize dilution effect in the lake during post-monsoon. Piper diagram illustrates that the majority of water samples in the lake are of Ca-HCO3 type. Additionally, Piper diagram, Gibbs diagram, and Mixing plot illustrate that carbonate weathering is dominant in both seasons. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals significant correlations among NO3-, SO42-, Na+, and Cl-, demonstrating that pollution in the lake water is attributed to agricultural activities and domestic effluents. In the majority of samples,water quality index (WQI) depicts that the lake water quality is very poor to poor in the pre-monsoon and poor to good in the post-monsoon. Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), % Na (percent sodium), electrical conductivity (EC), cation ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS), and United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram illustrate that the lake water is suitable for irrigation.

Mathematical modeling of cations from non-edible food waste for the reclamation of sodic and saline soils

Nutritional disparity is a crucial impediment to agricultural productivity that interferes with soil structural stability and plant growth since more than one-fourth of the total land area is affected, especially by sodicity globally. This study assesses the mathematical models of non-edible food waste, including brinjal waste, potato peel, banana peel, orange peel, eggshell, cow bone, chicken bone, and fish bone. After consumption of the food, the resulting non-edible food waste was cleaned, dried, crushed, and stored separately in aluminum zipper bags. Cation concentrations of the considered waste materials were measured using ion chromatography systems. Then the mathematical models such as Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP), Exchangeable Potassium Percentage (EPP), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Potassium Adsorption Ratio (PAR), and Cation Ratio of Soil Structural Stability (CROSS) were assessed considering cation concentrations. The results revealed that Na+ concentrations ranged from 0.17±0.001 mg/kg in orange peel to 5.21±0.005 mg/kg in chicken bone; K+ ranged from 0.28±0.003 mg/kg in eggshell to 56.50±0.216 mg/kg in banana peel; Ca2+ ranged from 0.30±0.004 mg/kg in potato peel to 1.37±0.049 mg/kg in eggshell; and Mg2+ ranged from 0.06±0.004 mg/kg in eggshell to 1.12±0.006 mg/kg in banana peel. The overall concentration sequence was K+&gt;Na+&gt;Ca2+&gt;Mg2+. In addition, animal waste biomass had comparatively high ESP and EPP values for the studied waste biomasses. SAR, PAR, and CROSS models for all studied wastes are suitable for application to sodic and saline soils. In conclusion, non-edible food waste biomass might be a reliable source of cations that is important for soil structural stability and ultimately for plant growth and could be utilized in sodic and saline soils based on the analysis of cationic parameters and mathematical models.

Large variability in degree of constraint of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty liners between different implant systems.

The liner design is a key determinant of the constraint of a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). The aim of this study was to compare the degree of constraint of rTSA liners between different implant systems. An implant company's independent 3D shoulder arthroplasty planning software (mediCAD 3D shoulder v. 7.0, module v. 2.1.84.173.43) was used to determine the jump height of standard and constrained liners of different sizes (radius of curvature) of all available companies. The obtained parameters were used to calculate the stability ratio (degree of constraint) and angle of coverage (degree of glenosphere coverage by liner) of the different systems. Measurements were independently performed by two raters, and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to perform a reliability analysis. Additionally, measurements were compared with parameters provided by the companies themselves, when available, to ensure validity of the software-derived measurements. There were variations in jump height between rTSA systems at a given size, resulting in large differences in stability ratio between systems. Standard liners exhibited a stability ratio range from 126% to 214% (mean 158% (SD 23%)) and constrained liners a range from 151% to 479% (mean 245% (SD 76%)). The angle of coverage showed a range from 103° to 130° (mean 115° (SD 7°)) for standard and a range from 113° to 156° (mean 133° (SD 11°)) for constrained liners. Four arthroplasty systems kept the stability ratio of standard liners constant (within 5%) across different sizes, while one system showed slight inconsistencies (within 10%), and ten arthroplasty systems showed large inconsistencies (range 11% to 28%). The stability ratio of constrained liners was consistent across different sizes in two arthroplasty systems and inconsistent in seven systems (range 18% to 106%). Large differences in jump height and resulting degree of constraint of rTSA liners were observed between different implant systems, and in many cases even within the same implant systems. While the immediate clinical effect remains unclear, in theory the degree of constraint of the liner plays an important role for the dislocation and notching risk of a rTSA system.

The influence of non-starch polysaccharides on the formation mechanism of wheat dough

The study examined the effects of oat β-glucan (OβG), chitosan (CTS), araboxylan (AX), and fructosan (FOS) on wheat dough formation. Adding 0–7 % OβG, AX, and FOS increased SS content, enhancing gluten stability. D-AX and D-FOS showed higher β-sheet structures, higher air retention and gluten network, smaller pores and denser structures, higher elastic and viscosity moduli. Excessive OβG and CTS could reduce the dough stability, and β-turn and β-sheet ratios, respectively. Therefore, B-7AX and B-7FOS exhibited lower hardness indices during storage, leading to a smoother appearance and more orderly gas chamber distribution. The study provides a theoretical foundation for using non-starch polysaccharides in flour-based products.