Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Research Articles

Rotor speed estimation for half-broken bar detection in induction motors using Kalman filtering

This study addresses the early detection of half-broken bars in induction motors (IMs). Most research on fault detection focuses on current signature analysis because it can provide online and remote monitoring at a low cost. However, errors caused by spectral leakage around the fundamental frequency supply reduce its reliability for fault diagnosis at the incipient stages. The proposed detection technique is based on a spectral analysis of the motor speed. To detect a half-broken bar, measurements of stator voltages and currents are processed by an adaptive extended Kalman filter for system state estimation. Then, a spectral analysis is applied to the estimated motor speed to obtain its power spectral distribution. Finally, the fault harmonic amplitude at 2sfs is used as fault indicator for fault diagnosis. The proposed approach has three main advantages: (1) speed estimation is unaltered by spectral leakage around the main frequency supply, (2) the cost of speed sensors is avoided, and (3) the absence of connecting shaft couplings prevents corruption of speed data by mechanical interference. Numerical simulations and experimental results were carried out for the squirrel cage IM to provide encouraging validation of the proposed early fault detection technique.

Increasing the Efficiency of a High-efficiency Squirrel-cage Induction Motor with Semi-closed Slots by Casting the Slots with Ferro-resin Instead of Using Permanent Magnetic Wedges

Increasing the Efficiency of a High-efficiency Squirrel-cage Induction Motor with Semi-closed Slots by Casting the Slots with Ferro-resin Instead of Using Permanent Magnetic Wedges

Assessment of Fractional and Integer Order Models of Induction Motor Using MATLAB/Simulink

The definition of derivatives and integrals of any real or complex order can be found in fractional calculus, which is an extension of ordinary calculus. Many real-world processes might be more accurately modeled by these fractional calculi. Flexibility and nonlocality are the two fundamental benefits of fractional derivatives. These derivatives, which are of fractional order, are more flexible than classical derivatives in how they might approach real data. Due to its applications in numerous domains, the fractional order model has grown in significance and popularity. The simulation results have been performed for three squirrel cage induction motors which have different parameter values. To perform fractional order calculus, the Fractional Order Modeling and Control (FOMCOM) toolbox has been added to MATLAB. To determine the value of the order of differentiation (α) that best represents the induction motor, speed and torque simulations for several orders of differentiation (α) were performed. According to the results of the speed and torque simulation, an integer order (α=1) model is the optimal representation of the induction motor. The main goal of this paper is to investigate which model, either integer or fractional order model, best represents an induction motor.

PROGRESSIVE STEP MAXIMUM POWER TRACKER FOR CASCADED INVERTER INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE

This paper presents the idea of an isolated photovoltaic (PV) based cascaded two-level inverter (CTLI), driving squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM). The connected non-linear load approximately represents a centrifugal pump. The control system of this drive is based on a motor control system along with a progressive step perturb and observe (PSPnO) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for the PV sources towards better utilization of the source. This PSPnO MPPT system intends to operate the SCIM so that the energy developed by PV is utilized entirely through variation of the dc-link voltages of the CTLI under both uncertain variances of non-linear load torque and unpredictable solar irradiance. This PSPnO MPPT algorithm has been engaged in the control scheme for generating reference dc-link voltage. This motor control system is designed to operate in a rotor-flux-oriented rotating reference frame. As for generating CTLI’s switching pulses, the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique has been used for its good dynamic response. The whole system is designed to be deployable on a low-computation device. The simulations conducted by Simulink and the results are furnished considering various operational conditions.

An integrated 2D/3D numerical methodology to predict the thermal field of electric motors

The present work aims at providing a predictive numerical methodology for the thermal characterization of electric motors. The methodology relies on a 2D-FE simulation for the estimation of the electromagnetic (iron and joule) losses. The latter are then exploited in a 3D-CFD Conjugate Heat Transfer analysis for the evaluation of the thermal field.The CFD model includes both the solid components and the fluid domains. The main novelty of the paper is represented by the copper coil modelling. In fact, copper, air, epoxy resin and enamel are synthetized in a single homogeneous body able to reproduce the thermal behaviour without including the single components, to reduce the computational cost.The methodology is validated against experimental data on a three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor. As for the experimental data (available at three different operating conditions), temperature distributions are measured by thermocouples at the test bench for the validation of the 3D-CFD CHT model. In addition, experimental estimations of the losses are available for the validation of the 2D electromagnetic simulations.The numerical results in terms of motor performance, electromagnetic losses and thermal field are discussed and are proved to be close to the experimental counterparts, for all the investigated conditions.

A novel power quality improved AC voltage controller for soft starting of squirrel cage induction motors

A novel power quality improved AC voltage controller for soft starting of squirrel cage induction motors

A Three-Phase Multilevel Inverter Synthesized with 31 Levels and Optimal Gating Angles Based on the GA and GWO to Supply a Three-Phase Induction Motor

A three-phase multilevel inverter (MLI), synthesized with 31 levels in regard to its output voltage, is used to provide the AC supply to a three-phase, squirrel cage induction motor. The gating angles required for the 30 power switches on the MLI are optimized using both the genetic algorithm (GA) and the grey wolf optimizer (GWO), in which the optimal angles are determined through solving the trigonometric equations taken from Fourier analysis to target the minimum total harmonic distortion (THD) at the MLI output. A simulation model and an experimental prototype are developed for performance analysis and validation. The results demonstrate that the MLI is effectively able to produce 31 levels of three-phase AC output voltage, with the THD not exceeding 5% when loaded with a resistive load and a three-phase induction motor. The voltage and current are measured and recorded for different loads and operating conditions, including the amount of energy consumed by the load. The results of the frequency analysis demonstrate that most of the triple harmonics, which can harm the efficiency of the inverter, are cancelled.

Mixed Eccentricity Fault Detection for Induction Motors Based on Time Synchronous Averaging of Vibration Signals

This paper presents a method based on vibration signals to diagnose rotor mixed eccentricity faults in three-phase squirrel cage induction motors (SCIMs). Rotor eccentricity is a typical fault in SCIMs that significantly affects the performance of electrical machines and results in unwanted vibrations. The time synchronous averaging (TSA) signal, which consists of the harmonics components generated by the fault, is obtained via the characteristic frequency of the eccentricity fault. TSA is decomposed into two signals: TSA-regular and TSA-difference, which are respectively similar to approximate and details of wavelet transform. Based on the fault index, which is the maximum FFT value of the TSA-difference signal, the healthy and faulty motors can be distinguished. The proposed approach is evaluated on an experimental test rig equipped with a 1.5 kW SCIM supplied directly from the power grid under various load conditions. The results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in detecting the rotor mixed eccentricity faults.

A New Direct Torque Control of an Efficient and Cost-Effective Traction System Using Two Squirrel Cage Induction Motors Feed by a Single Inverter

Reducing the financial cost of controlling electrical machinery is a major factor in industrial systems. The research is based on controlling dual squirrel cage induction motors (SCIMs) using direct torque command (DTC) based on neural algorithms (NAs). The proposed neural DTC (NDTC), developed from DTC and NAs, where NAs have a lot of outstanding advantages in many aspects, such as accuracy, robustness, and dynamic performance. However, the NDTC-based dual-SCIM system is a simple, robust technique, reliable and highly efficient system with a low cost of implementation. In this work, Matlab software was used to study the NDTC behavior of dual SCIMs by comparing the results obtained with DTC results in terms of response time, current quality, torque ripples, overshoot, … etc. Also, the performance of the NDTC is studied in case the parameters of the system change compared to DTC performance. The obtained results show the efficiency and performance of the NDTC of the dual SCIMs, and that this system is a practical alternative to controlling a group of motors in industrial systems. The ratio ripples between both strategies are 72.97%, 48.38% and 66.11% for current, flux, and torque. This means that the NDTC can be a good candidate for controlling machines.

Harmonics in the Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Analytic Calculation Part III: Influence on the Torque-speed Characteristic

Harmonics in the Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Analytic Calculation Part III: Influence on the Torque-speed Characteristic

High-order sliding mode control with hyperbolic evaluation function for improving performances of a squirrel-cage induction motor fed by a two-level inverter

High-order sliding mode control with hyperbolic evaluation function for improving performances of a squirrel-cage induction motor fed by a two-level inverter

DSP based space vector PWM control for solar electric vehicle

Solar Electric Vehicles (SEV) are considered the future vehicles to solve the issues of air pollution, global warming, and the rapid decreases of the petroleum resources facing the current transportation technology. However, SEV are still facing important technical obstacles to overcome. They include batteries energy storage capacity, charging times, efficiency of the solar panels and electrical propulsion systems. Solving any of those problems and electric vehicles will compete-complement the internal combustion engines vehicles. In the present work, we propose an electrical propulsion system based on three phase induction motor in order to obtain the desired speed and torque with less power loss. Because of the need to lightweight nature, small volume, low cost, less maintenance and high efficiency system, a three phase squirrel cage induction motor (IM) is selected in the electrical propulsion system. The IM is fed from three phase inverter operated by a constant V/F control method and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) algorithm. The proposed control strategy has been implemented on the texas instruments TM320F2812 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to generate SVPWM signal needed to trigger the gates of IGBT based inverter. The inverter used in this work is a three phase inverter IRAMY20UP60B type. The experimental results show the ability of the proposed control strategy to generate a three-phase sine wave signal with desired frequency. The proposed control strategy is experimented on a locally manufactured EV prototype. The results show that the EV prototype can be propelled to speed up to 60km/h under different road conditions.

Thermal Analysis and Cooling Strategies of High-Efficiency Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors—A Review

In recent times, there has been an increased demand for electric vehicles. In this context, the energy management of the electric motor, which are an important constituent of electric vehicles, plays a pivotal role. A lot of research has been conducted on the optimization of heat flow through electric motors, thus reducing the wastage of energy via heat. Futuristic power sources may increasingly rely on cutting-edge innovations like energy harvesting and self-powered induction motors. In this context, effective thermal management techniques are discussed in this paper. Importance was given to the potential energy losses, hotspots, the influence of overheating on the motor efficiency, different cooling strategies, certain experimental approaches, and power control techniques. Two types of thermal analysis computation methods, namely the lumped-parameter circuit method (LPCM) and the finite element method (FEM), are discussed. Also, this paper reviews different cooling strategies. The experimental research showed that the efficiency was greater by 11% with the copper rotor compared to the aluminum rotor. Each rotor type was reviewed based on the temperature rise and efficiency at higher temperatures. The water-cooling method reduced the working temperatures by 39.49% at the end windings, 41.67% at the side windings, and by a huge margin of 56.95% at the yoke of the induction motor compared to the air-cooling method; hence, the water-cooling method is better. Lastly, modern cooling strategies are proposed to provide an effective thermal management solution for squirrel-cage induction motors.

Comparative analysis of energy performance of squirrel cage induction motor, line-start synchronous reluctance and permanent magnet motors employing the same stator design

Comparative analysis of energy performance of squirrel cage induction motor, line-start synchronous reluctance and permanent magnet motors employing the same stator design

The effect of closed loop control on diagnostic indices in different faults of squirrel cage induction motor

The effect of closed loop control on diagnostic indices in different faults of squirrel cage induction motor

Induction Motor Vibrations Caused by Mechanical and Magnetic Rotor Eccentricity

Vibration reduction of induction motors is a significant problem that requires effective models for the effects of mechanical and electromagnetic unbalanced forces. This article presents a mathematical model of dynamics for induction motors with rotor mass eccentricity and static and dynamic magnetic eccentricity. The model allows for the influence of the gyroscopic torque of the rotor and considers the elastic-damping characteristics of each of the stator supports and their location. The model has eight degrees of freedom, which makes it possible to simulate transverse and axial vibrations of various designs’ rotors and housings of induction motors. The results of modeling the dynamics for a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor with 11 kW capacity agreed with those obtained by other authors. Simultaneously, new results were also obtained within the research. The simulation results showed that the static magnetic eccentricity causes the appearance of additional critical speed of the motor, and its value decreases in proportion to the growth of the number of pole pairs. The change of the moment of inertia of the motor at a mismatch of the main axis of symmetry of the stator and the rotor axis of rotation allowed for obtaining an actual frequency spectrum of free oscillations, including the rotational motion of the stator. Since the actual static magnetic eccentricity can additionally increase at operating frequencies due to the increase of bearing clearance caused by dynamic unbalanced load, it should be considered in the analysis of unbalanced magnetic pull. The angle of static magnetic eccentricity significantly affects the magnitude of radial vibrations. This feature should also be considered when selecting the locations of balancing weights during the rotor balancing procedure.

Stator Winding Inter-Turn Short-Circuit Fault Modeling and Detection of Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors

Stator Winding Inter-Turn Short-Circuit Fault Modeling and Detection of Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors

Impedance analysis of squirrel-cage induction motor at high harmonics condition

This study examines different methodologies for representing an asynchronous motor at higher harmonics by utilizing its equivalent circuit. Several approaches were compared based on simulation modeling. An experimental investigation was conducted in a laboratory setting using asynchronous electric motors with power ratings of 1.5 kW and 5.5 kW. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the characteristics of impedance in the presence of high-harmonic conditions. The generation of higher harmonics was achieved through the utilization of a precisely regulated thyristor rectifier in conjunction with a thyristor power controller. The findings indicate that the load on the shaft solely impacts the resistance at the fundamental harmonic, while the resistance at higher harmonics remains unaffected by the operating mode of the asynchronous motor (AM).

Direct Torque Control Based Two Quadrant Analog Torque Controller for Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

High performance variable speed drives have become indispensable for the modern age industry where the product quality and productivity are of utmost importance. Because of the many drawbacks of dc drives, research attention has been focused toward ac drives, mainly induction motor drives. The ac drives have evolved over the years with improved transient torque output response that closely matches the response obtained from dc drives. This paper presents a complete hardware based two quadrant analog torque controller for squirrel cage induction motor based on the Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme. The proposed analog torque controller may find its own niche area of application, for example, in packaging industries where mostly small and medium sized drives are used. The two quadrant analog torque controller has been implemented as a simple hardware circuit based on the DTC scheme. The implementation is done using commonly available low-cost hardware components.

Control of Three-Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor by Field Acceleration Method (FAM) for E-Mobility

The rapid electrification of mobility systems has fuelled the demand for advanced control techniques that can enhance the performance and efficiency of electric vehicles (EVs). In this context, this paper introduces the Field Acceleration Method (FAM) as a control strategy for three-phase squirrel cage induction motors, specifically tailored for e-mobility applications. FAM has not been previously simulated or tested practically in the context of electric mobility, making this study a pioneering effort. Induction motors are widely employed in electric vehicles, and various control methods such as the Indirect Field-Oriented Control (IFOC) gained popularity for its effectiveness in achieving precise and efficient motor control. In this research, FAM is simulated using MATLAB, and the results demonstrate its suitability for electric vehicle control applications. FAM exhibits the potential to achieve rapid speed responses, making it a promising alternative to established control techniques. The outcomes of this study highlight the applicability of FAM in improving the dynamic performance of EVs, contributing to the ongoing efforts to enhance the efficiency and responsiveness of electric mobility solutions. This research paves the way for practical implementations of FAM in electric vehicles, potentially revolutionizing the field of EV motor control.