Squeeze Casting Technique Research Articles

Innovation in sustainable composite research: Investigating graphene-reinforced MMCs for liquid hydrogen storage tanks in aerospace and space exploration

The demand for lightweight materials in space exploration applications has seen a significant rise. This study presents a novel approach by integrating graphene with Aluminium alloy (AA) 2900 powder, synthesized through High energy ball milling technique. The resulting powder was used to reinforce Aluminium alloy 2195, creating metal matrix composites (MMCs) via squeeze casting. The findings demonstrate that incorporating 0.5 wt % 2D graphene nanoplatelets (2D-Grnp) in AA 2195 achieved density match, enabling homogeneous dispersion, addressing composite casting challenges. Consequently, the AA 2900 alloy embedded with 2D-Grnp facilitated the homogeneous dispersion of reinforcements during the squeeze casting process, yielding MMCs Ideal for potential use in lightweight liquid hydrogen fuel tank structures for launch vehicles. Following T8 heat treatment, the final casted composite plate exhibited significant enhancements in ultimate tensile strength, with a 4.5% increase over monolithic Al 2195-T8, exhibiting nominal reduction in elongation behavior and higher hardness. Additionally, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) revealed the squeeze casting technique's effectiveness by exhibiting enhanced bonding among homogeneously reinforced 2D-Grnp, T1/θ’ precipitates, and AA 2195.

Studies on tribological behavior of aluminum hybrid composites strengthened with MoS2 and wheat husk ash

The current study examines the dry sliding wear characteristics of a hybrid aluminum matrix composite reinforced with wheat husk ash (WHA) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), produced through the squeeze casting technique. Experiments were conducted utilizing Taguchi's L27 (3)13 orthogonal array, with input parameters including applied load (20, 30, 40 N), sliding speed (1, 2, 3 m/s), reinforcement percentage (wt. 2.5, 5% and 7.5%), while wear and friction coefficient were observed as measurable responses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results highlighted that the reinforcement percentage had the most significant impact on the wear behavior of the hybrid composite. Notably, the (Al/5WHA/5MoS2) hybrid composite exhibited superior wear resistance (129 µm), accompanied by a 27% increase in hardness compared to the parent metal. Surface morphology analysis of worn-out specimens depicted the presence of fine grooves, delamination, and cracks.

Investigation on corrosion behaviour of metal oxide nanoparticles reinforced magnesium composites by salt spray and immersion corrosion test methods

ABSTRACT This study explores the increasing utilisation of lightweight materials, particularly magnesium (Mg) alloy, in sectors such as automobile, aerospace, and marine due to its notable advantages such as high strength-to-weight ratio, good castability, and excellent damping capacity. Despite these merits, Mg alloy faces challenges, notably in wear and corrosion resistance. The research focuses on enhancing the corrosion resistance of Mg alloy by incorporating Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Manganese Oxide (MnO), and Titanium Oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. The alloy AZ91D and three nanocomposites, namely AZ91D + 1% ZnO, AZ91D + 1% MnO, and AZ91D + 1% TiO2, were manufactured using a stir squeeze casting technique combined with an ultrasonication process. To confirm the even distribution of reinforcement particles, Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (HR-SEM) were employed. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the presence of matrix and reinforcement material with intermetallic precipitates around the grain boundaries. Corrosion properties were assessed following ASTM standards and utilising a 3.5% NaCl concentration. The study found that AZ91D + 1% TiO2 nanocomposites exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared to the AZ91D alloy, showing a remarkable 77.78% and 69.89% improvement in corrosion behaviour under salt spray and immersion environments, respectively, after 48 hours.

Synergistic approach to wear rate forecasting in AZ31/5% Yttria stabilized zirconia reinforced composite through response surface methodology-genetic algorithm integration

In this work, the wear behavior of a novel AZ31 magnesium alloy reinforced with 5% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) composite was evaluated using a hybrid Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach. The composite was fabricated using ultrasonic-assisted stir squeeze casting technique, ensuring homogeneous distribution of spherical YSZ particles, as validated by the scanning electron microscope integrated with energy dispersive spectroscope. Wear tests were carried out according to the ASTM standards using a pin-on-disc (POD) tribometer, with applied load (AL), sliding speed (SS), and sliding distance (SD) as the main parameters. An empirical wear rate regression model was developed using RSM/Box-behnken design, and Genetic Algorithm was deployed for parametric optimization, achieving a minimal wear rate of 0.0144 g/m under a load of 30 N, sliding speed of 260 rpm, and sliding distance of 400 m. Confirmation tests were performed to validate the GA predictions. The wear mechanisms were observed, showing reduced wear in GA-optimized samples due to optimized load distribution resulting minimized ploughing, grooving and delamination. This work highlights the efficacy of the hybridized RSM / GA for the wear performance in advanced magnesium alloy matrix composites.

Effect of in-situ forging assisted squeeze casting on the forming quality and mechanical properties of automobile control arm

The squeeze casting technique offers promising prospects for a wide range of applications, as it provides an effective solution to address the challenges associated with the poor casting performance of wrought aluminum alloys. In this paper, we implemented in-situ forging assisted squeeze casting (IFSC) to form an automobile control arm using a high-strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy modified with Zr and Er. The solidification defects, microstructures, and mechanical properties of the part were investigated under different pressures and in-situ forging using various analytical techniques. With the increase of squeezing pressure from 0 MPa to 120 MPa, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the sample increases from 500 MPa to 593.3 MPa, and the elongation is 4.35 %. After in-situ forging, the tensile strength of the sample is 600.9 MPa and the elongation is 5.59 %. UTS is comparable to squeeze casting, but the elongation is increased by 28.5 %. The results indicate that increasing the forming pressure enhances the surface quality of the parts and reduces the solidification defects. In addition, increasing the forming pressure not only refines the grain but also improves the grain morphology and enhances the uniformity of the structure. The squeezing pressure can enhance the contact between the alloy melt and the mold, increasing the metal's cooling rate and promoting nucleation for grain refinement. In-situ forging further facilitates liquid phase feeding, reduces alloy defects, and improves the overall mechanical properties.

Frictional stability of pumice-reinforced lightweight magnesium composite in ambient and elevated temperature environments

Lightweight materials with better resistance to sliding wear are prominent candidates for automobile brake drums, clutch pads and cylinder block applications to facilitate fuel economy. This attempt is reserved to cater to materials with higher tribological quality needs. Less dense foamy pumice stone particles were involved in three different percentages (5, 10, and 15 wt%) to reinforce lightweight AZ31 Mg alloy. A stir-assisted squeeze casting technique was pursued to process the composite and refine the grain structure. A phase detection, elemental mapping and microstructure study were done through X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. An experimental dry sliding wear scrutiny was administered using a pin-on-disc apparatus by considering: (i) ambient and elevated temperature environments and (ii) three different levels of loads. The results reveal a significant drop in wear loss and a frictional coefficient for 15% pumice-loaded composite than the base alloy. Post-wear examination acknowledges the fact that the ambient temperature wear is governed by adhesive-abrasive wear and high temperature is by abrasive wear mechanisms. Worn-out scrutiny authenticates the presence of oxide layers and their role in lubrication. A comparative study with previous works upholds the novel magnesium composite is the right candidate for the mentioned automobile applications.

Utilizing the waste fly ash and spent catalyst residue as reinforcement for the development of sustainable composites and investigating its mechanical and microstructure behaviour

The current study focuses on reusing spent catalysts and fly ash, presenting an interesting and intriguing topic for the researchers. The waste catalyst and fly ash from the petroleum and coal industries were initially considered hazardous. One of the most common approaches to recycling spent catalyst and fly ash involves incorporating them into the aluminum matrix to improve the mechanical behaviour for specific applications. This study uses pure aluminum as the matrix material for synthesizing a hybrid composite using an ultrasonic-aided squeeze casting technique. The spent catalyst and fly ah particles were ball-milled before being utilized as reinforcing particles with varying concentrations (2 wt% and 4 wt%) and mean particle sizes of 221.75 nm and 201.25 nm, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical behaviour of the aluminum composites produced using both reinforcements were investigated and compared. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis shows that using ultrasonic treatment in squeeze casting improves the uniform dispersion of the reinforcement nanoparticle. The optical microscope shows that incorporating nanoparticles, coupled with intensive ultrasonic treatment, reduces the grain size of α-Al dendrites. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicate that the fabricated nanocomposite is free from impurities, contaminants, and oxide formations. The hardness, compressive, and tensile tests were conducted on the prepared aluminum composites. The overall results show that Al+2 wt% spent catalyst+2 wt% fly ash composite improves hardness, tensile, and compressive strength by 98.55 %, 43.24 %, and 29.24 %, respectively, compared to the base pure aluminum. The strength of the aluminum composites has been evaluated using various strengthening mechanism techniques. The strengthening contributions are primarily due to the temperature mismatch between the waste reinforcement nanoparticles and the aluminum matrix. It is well known that metal-based composites strengthen dispersion, in which the dispersed particles hinder dislocation motion and significantly increase the composite strength.

Interface engineering in CF/Al matrix composites for enhancement in mechanical strength and anti-corrosion properties

Metal matrix composites (MMCs), renowned for their lightweight and exceptional mechanical properties, are currently in high demand. Herein, carbon fiber‑aluminum metal matrix composites (CF/Al MMCs) modified with 4 types of corrosion-barrier interface coatings (CBCs), respectively, including Ni, TiO2, ZnO, and Al2O3 were investigated, and the composites were prepared by squeeze casting technique. The effects of these CBCs on the CF/Al interface reaction and the mechanical properties and electrochemical corrosion resistance of the composites are revealed and discussed thoroughly. It is observed that T300‑carbon fiber reinforced MMCs without any CBCs exhibit low mechanical strength due to the formation of Al4C3 phase induced by strong interaction between fiber and matrix. With CBCs, the formation of Al4C3 was significantly suppressed. Comparatively, the ZnO-coated CF/Al MMCs exhibit the most remarkable enhancement in the mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 796.4 MPa and a modulus of 105.3 GPa, which are approximately 114% and 52.2% higher than those of the counterparts without CBCs, respectively. More importantly, the CF/Al MMCs with CBCs demonstrate superior chemical corrosion resistance, retaining their mechanical performance even after a 7-day immersion in salt solutions. These results provide an important guideline in interface engineering for MMCs with enhanced mechanical properties and electrochemical corrosion resistance.

Mechanical characteristics and optimization of wear parameters of hybrid (TiO2 + Y2O3) nanoparticles with Al matrix using squeeze casting technique

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanical characteristics and optimization of wear parameters of hybrid (TiO2 + Y2O3) nanoparticles with Al matrix using squeeze casting technique. Design/methodology/approach The hybrid aluminium matrix nanocomposites (HAMNCs) were fabricated with varying concentrations of titanium oxide (TiO2) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3), from 2.5 to 10 Wt.% in 2.5 Wt.% increments. Dry sliding wear test variables were optimized using the Taguchi method. Findings The introduction of hybrid nanoparticles in the aluminium (Al) matrix was evenly distributed in contrast to the base matrix. HAMNC6 (5 Wt.% TiO2 + 5 Wt.% Y2O3) reported the maximum enhancement in mechanical properties (tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and density) and decrease in porosity% and elongation% among other HAMNCs. The results showed that the optimal combination of parameters to achieve the lowest wear rate was A3B3C1, or 15 N load, 1.5 m/s sliding velocity and 200 m sliding distance. The sliding distance showed the greatest effect on the dry sliding wear rate of HAMNC6 followed by applied load and sliding velocity. The fractured surfaces of the tensile sample showed traces of cracking as well as substantial craters with fine dimples and the wear worn surfaces were caused by abrasion, cracks and delamination of HAMNC6. Originality/value Squeeze-cast Al-reinforced hybrid (TiO2+Y2O3) nanoparticles have been investigated for their impact on mechanical properties and optimization of wear parameters.

Optimization of Selected Squeeze Casting Parameters on the Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy

Aluminum alloy have versatile applications and can be produced via a cost-effective squeeze casting technique. Existing literature has revealed that squeeze casting enhances the mechanical properties of cast products and has the advantage of producing products almost without porosity. However, squeeze casting is faced with some challenges including extrusion segregations, centerline segregation, and oxide inclusion, porosity, blistering, under fill, sticking, hot tearing, case debonding, and shrinkages. In view of minimizing these defects, casting should be done applying optimal parameters that will yield the desired result. The present study focused on the optimization of squeeze parameters of squeeze pressure, pressure duration, pouring temperature, initial die temperature in the production of the aluminium alloy (Al-12%Si). Evaluated responses are yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. The results showed that the process parameters had statistical significance on all properties at 95 % confidence level. Combined interactions of these parameters also presented significant effects on the property responses. Optimum setting for process factors as regards yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were evaluated 150MPa, 15seconds, 700oC and150oC for squeeze pressure, pressure duration, pouring temperature and initial die temperature respectively. The results obtained for the three responses which are yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, were 302.86MPa and 347.72MPa respectively.

Compressive Flow Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Friction Stir Processed A356-5% B4C Composite

Abstract An Al-7Si-0.3Mg (A356) alloy reinforced with 5 % boron carbide (B4C) particulates was produced through squeeze casting technique at a temperature of 710°C. Friction stir processing (FSP) was employed on an A356-5% B4C composite with optimized parameters, viz., tool advancing speed of 15 mm/min and tool rotation speed of 250 r/min for one pass and two passes. High-temperature flow behavior of the FSPed A356-5% B4C composite was investigated by strain rate jump (1 × 10−3 to 5 × 10−1 s−1) compression tests using a thermomechanical simulator at temperatures of 470°C and 500°C. Strain rate jump tests revealed superplastic region with strain rate sensitivity index m = 0.4 in the lower strain rate regime of 1 × 10−3 to 5 × 10−2 s−1. However, the value of m reduced to 0.3 upon two-pass FSP. The reduction in m is attributed to the more uniform redistribution of hard Si particles throughout the composite, as examined by microstructure evolution in scanning electron microscopy, linked with energy-dispersive spectroscopy and electron-backscattered diffraction facility.

Optimization of squeeze casting process parameters on mechanical properties of SiCp reinforced LM25 composites through Taguchi technique

Abstract The aim of the present work is to examine the influence of processing parameters on fabricated composites of LM25 alloy with SiC particle reinforcement through a squeeze casting technique. The following process parameters, like stirring speed from 550 to 750 rpm, SiCP (4 wt% to 8 wt %), and melting temperatures (from 600 to 700 °C) were employed. Then, the processed composites were subjected to microscopy analysis and mechanical tests to ascertain their metallurgical and mechanical properties. SEM micrographs of an LM 25 composite sample show better bonding of SiC particles with matrix, which is due to homogeneous dispersion of SiC particles in the stir casting process. The maximum tensile strength (211 MPa) and hardness (91 Hv) were achieved on the composite samples with processing parameters of 750 rpm stirring speed, 8% SiC proportions, and 650 °C melting temperature, respectively. From the design of the experiment by the Taguchi method, it is observed that the stirring speed plays a significant role in achieving a better distribution of SiC particles in the composite samples than other parameters like SiC weight ratios and the melting temperature of the alloy.

Study on microstructure and mechanical characteristics of Al7075 reinforced hybrid composites using squeeze casting techniques

Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) plays an important role as an engineering material in the past vicennial, attributable to the enhancement of mechanical properties. The synthesized composites had evolved into an indispensable field for ongoing research. On accounting for the better properties of aluminum-based MMCs, they are emerging with extensive implementation in fields such as automotive, defense, and aerospace. This study works towards the preparation of the hybrid composite made of Aluminum 7075 T6 as the matrix with 1 wt%, of aluminum oxide and 2 wt%, 3 wt% of Molybdenum Disulfide as reinforcements. The compositions are mixed up and the hybrid composite has been fabricated by making use of the squeeze casting methodology. The study's ultimate intention is to probe the resulting mechanical behaviors like tensile strength and hardness by reinforcing a solid lubricant (MoS2) and alumina crystalline (Al2O3) into the base alloy Al7075. These composites have been picked out for their various utilization because of their advantageous merging of mechanical features. The tensile strength and hardness of the composite has been increased by 23% and 12% respectively. This work also involves the analysis of the microstructure of the composite utilizing a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The resulting impacts of reinforcements on the microstructural characteristics of the aluminum composites have been evaluated.

Analysis of surface roughness on aluminium alloy – Graphene composites

Nowadays, in the prevailing competitive environment aluminium alloy based composites are playing a vital role in developing materials with tailored properties suitable for aerospace and automotive application. In this research work, composites are developed through stir and squeeze casting techniques using aluminium alloy 7050 reinforced with graphene. The critical parameters like pouring temperature, rotation speed of stirrer and reinforcement content (wt % of Graphene) with different levels were considered for the experimental work. Surface roughness characterization studies were performed on the composite specimen developed through both the processes using different levels of experimentation. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify the significance of the influencing factors on the surface roughness of the samples fabricated through the two different processes.

Synthesis and characterisation of graphene-reinforced AA 2014 MMC using squeeze casting method for lightweight aerospace structural applications

The need for lightweight materials towards aerospace has increased prominently. This paper focuses on introducing a novel reinforcement mixture of graphene with Al 2014 powder synthesised through ball milling technique. The synthesized powder was utilized as a reinforcement to fabricate Al 2014 based MMCs through squeeze casting technique. The results exhibited that Al 2014 mixture with embedded and interlocked 2D-Grnp (2.517 g/cm3) matched the density of the matrix metal (2.771 g/cm3) that facilitated homogeneous dispersion of 2D-Grnp and solved the dispersion problems during stir casting. As a result, AA 2014 embedded with 2D-Grnp acted as a carrier to homogeneously disperse combined with the squeeze casting process leading to the production of homogeneously reinforced MMC. This can be considered as a potential fabrication route for the launch vehicle super lightweight fuel tank (SLWT) structural application. The final casted plate after T6 heat treatment with 0.5 wt% 2D-Grnp exhibited an improved tensile strength of 361 MPa (52% higher than the monolithic 2014 aluminium alloy) with total elongation of 21% and improved hardness of 119 HRB (45.5 % increase). Furthermore, SEM and TEM results exhibited that squeeze casting led to enhanced interfacial bonding between the 2D-Grnp and Al 2014.

Corrosion behaviour of SiC and Al2O3 reinforced Al 7075 hybrid aluminium matrix composites by weight loss and electrochemical methods

The corrosion study of Al 7075 hybrid metal matrix composites reinforced with equal weight percents (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10) of silicon carbide and aluminium oxide is investigated in the present work by weight loss and electrochemical methods. In this study, composite specimens prepared by the squeeze casting technique were analyzed at room temperature to estimate the rate of corrosion in a 3.5% NaCl solution for various intervals using the weight loss method. As a consequence, a hybrid Al7075 composite reinforced with 10% SiC and 10% Al2O3 had a lower corrosion rate of 0.9997 mmpy than pure Al7075, which had a maximum corrosion rate of 3.4481 mmpy. The corrosion rate of hybrid composites is determined by the tafel polarization method and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic method. These experiments showed that the corrosion rate of the hybrid metal matrix composite Al7075 + 10% SiC +10% Al2O3 was 0.630 mmpy less than that of the monolithic 7075 alloy. The corrosion morphology behaviour of the Al 7075 and their hybrid composite samples is observed by SEM. The SEM micrographs implied that SiC and Al2O3 reinforcements with the matrix alloy produced good interfacial and intermetallic bonding and hence decreased the corrosion rate.

Corrosion behavior of Mg-1Sn anode for primary Magnesium batteries

Mg alloys are promising materials for a variety of applications such as automobile, aerospace biomedical and energy storage, etc. Mg-1Sn alloys can be used as the anode for battery application. The corrosion characteristics of Mg-1Sn (wt. %) alloy are analyzed by electrochemical tests like Galvanostatic Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Tafel slope. Mg-x Sn (1 wt. %) alloys as an anode is newly fabricated using stir and squeeze cast technique for the research. This study analyzed and compared the corrosion behavior of Mg-1Sn (wt. %) alloys in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution with different immersion periods. An immersion test of Mg-Sn alloy was performed to access the corrosion rate by immersing the samples in NaCl Solution for the short duration of 60 minutes [ST] and 24 hours. Mg-1Sn (wt. %) alloy immersed for 24 hours in NaCl solution showed the better electrochemical performance compared to the sample immersed for 60 minutes (Rp[24 h] > Rp[ST], Icorr[24 h] < Icorr[ST], CR[24h] < CR[ST]). The improvement in the corrosion properties of Mg1Sn alloy under 24h of immersion is attributed to the formation of a protective oxide layer, thereby suppressing the transfer of chloride ions from the electrolyte solution.

Creep deformation study of squeeze cast AZ91 magnesium alloy

The AZ91 magnesium alloy has excellent mechanical properties; however, its application is limited by its poor creep resistance. In this study, AZ91 magnesium alloy prepared by squeeze casting technique has been tested for its creep performance at varying stresses and temperatures. The governing creep mechanism was examined in the wake of deformation. The microstructure for as-cast AZ91 alloy confirmed the massive dendritic β-Mg17Al12 phase. The creep study indicated that the governing creep mechanisms were dislocation creep and dislocation climb governed by lattice diffusion in the test regime of 50 MPa stress at 150oC to 175oC. The measured dislocation density values showed good agreement with the expected dislocation density in the power law creep mechanism.

Creep Behavior of Squeeze-Cast Mg–15Gd Alloy

The creep behavior of a binary Mg-15 wt.% Gd alloy was investigated over the temperature range from 523 K to 743 K, i.e., in both the single-phase region (the hexagonal close-packed solid solution of Gd in Mg) and the two-phase region (the solid solution plus Mg5Gd precipitates). The alloy was prepared by the squeeze casting technique. In the higher temperature range, at 723 and 743 K, the specimens were solution treated by in situ annealing prior to testing. At the temperature of 673 K and below, the alloy was tested in the cast state. In the higher temperature range, the behavior was interpreted in terms of the viscous glide, where the dislocation motion was constrained by the presence of solute atmospheres. The dislocation motion was controlled by the rate of the cross slip from the basal to the prismatic planes. At the temperatures of 623 K and 673 K, the creep behavior was rationalized by introducing the threshold stress concept. At the temperatures of 523 K and 573 K, the stresses required to achieve experimentally measurable creep rates were such that dislocations broke away from the atmospheres of foreign atoms. Comparison with a series of magnesium alloys prepared by squeeze casting and creep-tested by the same technique showed that gadolinium can be a favorable creep-resistance enhancing element.

Production of novel recycled hybrid metal matrix composites using optimized stir squeeze casting technique

In this work, optimized squeeze stir casting was used to produce recycled Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMC's). Scrap Aluminum Alloy Wheel (SAAW), sourced from the local markets was used as a matrix. Alumina (5 %), SiC (3 & 6 %) and graphite (1, 3 & 4 %) were used as hybrid reinforcements to create the sustainable MMC's. The produced recycled hybrid AMCs were subjected to mechanical tests such as porosity, tension, compression, hardness and wear analysis. The highest ultimate tensile strength of 250 MPa was recorded for AMC with 4 % graphite inclusion, followed by AMC with 3 % SiC. The highest compressive strength was noted at 508 MPa for 4 % graphite, followed by composite with 3 % graphite and 3 % SiC. Similarly highest wear resistance was exhibited by AMC with 4 % graphite and alumina. The results showed that the addition of 4 % graphite and alumina to SAAW increased the strength and decreased the wear rate and frictional forces. The microstructure analysis conducted on these samples confirmed that graphite and alumina exhibited better bonding to the SAAW matrix than SiC. Conventional Friction Stir Welding (FSW) technique was employed to check the weldability of the developed AMCs. Tensile test of the welded samples confirm that recycled AMCs with 4 % graphite are very strong and can be introduced to the industry for various applications.