Squared Error Loss Function Research Articles

Bayes Estimators of Exponentiated Inverse Rayleigh Distribution using Lindleys Approximation

In this paper, Bayes estimators of the unknown shape and scale parameters of the Exponentiated Inverse Rayleigh Distribution (EIRD) have been derived using both the frequentist and bayesian methods. The Bayes theorem was adopted to obtain the posterior distribution of the shape and scale parameters of an Exponentiated Inverse Rayleigh Distribution (EIRD) using both conjugate and non-conjugate prior distribution under different loss functions (such as Entropy Loss Function, Linex Loss Function and Scale Invariant Squared Error Loss Function). The posterior distribution derived for both shape and scale parameters are intractable and a Lindley approximation was adopted to obtain the parameters of interest. The loss function were employed to obtain the estimates for both scale and shape parameters with an assumption that the both scale and shape parameters are unknown and independent. Also the Bayes estimate for the simulated datasets and real life datasets were obtained. The Bayes estimates obtained under dierent loss functions are close to the true parameter value of the shape and scale parameters. The estimators are then compared in terms of their Mean Square Error (MSE) using R programming language. We deduce that the MSE reduces as the sample size (n) increases.

Minimum risk point estimation of the size of a finite population under mark–recapture strategy

In this article, we address the problem of minimum risk point estimation for the size of a closed population using the weighted squared error loss function with a penalty of cost for each observation under the well-known mark–recapture strategy. In order to achieve minimum risk, a crucial point is to determine the number of items to obtain in the recapture phase. We first develop a purely sequential sampling scheme that will require much less sampling operations without losing accuracy of the estimation. Then, we develop a novel practical accelerated sequential method that will further accelerate the whole recapture process when sampling can be easily done in batches. The stopping rules of both purely sequential and accelerated sequential sampling schemes possess desirable asymptotic properties. All theoretical findings are double validated by extensive data analyses.

The Discrete Analogue of the Weibull G Family: Properties, Different Applications, Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Estimation Methods

In this work, we propose and study a new discrete analogue of the Weibull class. Many useful properties such as ordinary moments; moment generating function; cumulant generating function; probability generating function; central moments and dispersion index are derived. Two special discrete versions are discussed theoretically, graphically, and numerically. The hazard rate function of the new family can be "upside down", "increasing", "decreasing", "constant", "J-hazard rate function" and "double upside down" and "increasing-constant". Non-Bayesian estimation methods such as the maximum likelihood estimation; Cramer-von Mises estimation; the ordinary least square estimation and the weighted least square estimation are considered. The Bayesian estimation procedure under the squared error loss function is also presented. The Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations for comparing non-Bayesian and Bayesian estimation are performed using the Gibbs sampler and Metropolis Hastings algorithm. The flexibility of the new family is illustrated by four real datasets. The new family (through two special discrete versions) provided a better fit than sixteen competitive distributions.

The Bayesian Estimation for The Shape Parameter of The Power Function Distribution (PFD-I) to Use Hyper Prior Functions

The objective of this study is to examine the properties of Bayes estimators of the shape parameter of the Power Function Distribution (PFD-I), by using two different prior distributions for the parameter θ and different loss functions that were compared with the maximum likelihood estimators. In many practical applications, we may have two different prior information about the prior distribution for the shape parameter of the Power Function Distribution, which influences the parameter estimation. So, we used two different kinds of conjugate priors of shape parameter θ of the Power Function Distribution (PFD-I) to estimate it. The conjugate prior function of the shape parameter θ was considered as a combination of two different prior distributions such as gamma distribution with Erlang distribution and Erlang distribution with exponential distribution and Erlang distribution with non-informative distribution and exponential distribution with the non-informative distribution. We derived Bayes estimators for shape parameter θ of the Power Function Distribution (PFD-I) according to different loss functions such as the squared error loss function (SELF), the weighted error loss function (WSELF) and modified linear exponential (MLINEX) loss function (MLF), with two different double priors. In addition to the classical estimation (maximum likelihood estimation). We used simulation to get the results of this study, for different cases of the shape parameter of the Power Function Distribution used to generate data for different samples sizes.

Bayesian Analysis of Record Statistic from the Inverse Weibull Distribution under Balanced Loss Function

The main contribution of this work is to develop a linear exponential loss function (LINEX) to estimate the scale parameter and reliability function of the inverse Weibull distribution (IWD) based on lower record values. We do this by merging a weight into LINEX to produce a new loss function called weighted linear exponential loss function (WLINEX). We then use WLINEX to derive the scale parameter and reliability function of the IWD. Subsequently, we discuss the balanced loss functions for three different types of loss function, which include squared error (SE), LINEX, and WLINEX. The majority of previous scholars determined the weighted balanced coefficients without mathematical justification. One of the main contributions of this work is to utilize nonlinear programming to obtain the optimal values of the weighted coefficients for balanced squared error (BSE), balanced linear exponential (BLINEX), and balanced weighted linear exponential (BWLINEX) loss functions. Furthermore, to examine the performance of the proposed methods—WLINEX and BWLINEX—we conduct a Monte Carlo simulation. The comparison is between the proposed methods and other methods including maximum likelihood estimation, SE loss function, LINEX, BSE, and BLINEX. The results of simulation show that the proposed models BWLINEX and WLINEX in this work have the best performance in estimating scale parameter and reliability, respectively, according to the smallest values of mean SE. This result means that the proposed approach is promising and can be applied in a real environment.

Bayes Estimation of the Modified Inverse Rayleigh Parameters Under Various Approximation Techniques

In this paper we proposed Bayes estimators for complete sample of the Modified InverseRayleigh (MIR) parameters which was introduced by Khan (2014). Different approximationmethods with squared error loss function (SELF) have been used to develop the bayesestimators for the unknown parameters. The proposed estimators are compared with the correspondingmaximum likelihood estimators by simulation study on the basis of mean squareerror (MSE). To illustrate the usefulness and goodness of fit of Modified Inverse Rayleighdistribution we considered two real data sets.

Statistical inference for bathtub-shaped distribution based on generalized progressive hybrid censored data

This paper is an effort to obtain the point estimators and interval estimators for the unknown parameters, reliability and hazard rate functions of bathtub-shaped distribution based on generalized progressive hybrid censoring. We first derive the maximum likelihood estimators for the quantities and compute the estimates using Newton iterative method. Observed Fisher’s information matrix is obtained and then the asymptotic confidence intervals are constructed. Besides, two bootstrap confidence intervals are proposed for the quantities. The Bayesian estimators are acquired under squared error loss function using Lindley method and Metropolis-Hastings method with Gibbs sampling, and Bayesian credible intervals are constructed based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) samples as well. Finally, extensive simulation studies are conducted to compare the performance of the estimators and a real data set is analyzed for illustrative purpose.

On the Estimation of Parameters and Reliability Functions of a New Two-Parameter Lifetime Distribution based on Type II Censoring

We consider here the generalization of the Bilal distribution proposed by Abd-Elrahman (2017) by zeroing in on two measures of reliability, R(t) and P, based on type II censoring. We obtain point estimators namely, λ and θ, of the above said distribution, when both parameters of the distribution are unknown. Maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs), Bayes estimators (BEs) and Lindley’s approximation for the Bayes estimators are proposed. By using independent noninformative type of priors for the unknown parameters Bayes estimators are derived. Although the proposed estimators cannot be expressed in closed forms, these can be easily obtained through the use of numerical procedures. The performance of these estimators is studied on the basis of their mean squared error (MSE), computed separately under LINEX loss function (LLF) and squared error loss function (SELF) through Monte-Carlo simulation technique.

Bayesian Study Using MCMC of Three-Parameter Frechet Distribution Based on Type-I Censored Data

Type-I censoring mechanism arises when the number of units experiencing the event is random but the total duration of the study is fixed. There are a number of mathematical approaches developed to handle this type of data. The purpose of the research was to estimate the three parameters of the Frechet distribution via the frequentist Maximum Likelihood and the Bayesian Estimators. In this paper, the maximum likelihood method (MLE) is not available of the three parameters in the closed forms; therefore, it was solved by the numerical methods. Similarly, the Bayesian estimators are implemented using Jeffreys and gamma priors with two loss functions, which are: squared error loss function and Linear Exponential Loss Function (LINEX). The parameters of the Frechet distribution via Bayesian cannot be obtained analytically and therefore Markov Chain Monte Carlo is used, where the full conditional distribution for the three parameters is obtained via Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Comparisons of the estimators are obtained using Mean Square Errors (MSE) to determine the best estimator of the three parameters of the Frechet distribution. The results show that the Bayesian estimation under Linear Exponential Loss Function based on Type-I censored data is a better estimator for all the parameter estimates when the value of the loss parameter is positive.

On Bayesian Estimation of Loss and Risk Functions

Loss functions and Risk functions play very important role in Bayesian estimation. This paper aims at the Bayesian estimation for the loss and risk functions of the unknown parameter of the H(r, theta), (theta being the unknown parameter) distribution The estimation has been performed under Rukhin’s loss function. The importance of this distribution is that it contains some important distributions such as the Half Normal distribution, Rayleigh distribution and Maxwell’s distribution as particular cases. The inverse Gamma distribution has assumed as the prior distribution for the unknown parameter theta. This prior distribution is a Natural Conjugate prior distribution for the unknown parameter because the posterior probability density function of the unknown parameter is also inverse gamma distribution The Rukhin’s loss function involves another loss function denoted by w(theta, delta) he form of w(theta, delta) is important as it changes the estimate. In this paper, three forms of w(theta, delta) have been taken and corresponding estimates have been derived. The three, forms are, the Squared Error Loss Function (SELF) and two different forms of Weighted Squared Error Loss Function (WSELF) namely, the Minimum Expected Loss (MELO) Function and the Exponentially Weighted Minimum Expected Loss (EWMELO) Function have been considered. A criterion of performance of various form of w(theta, delta) has ben defined. It has been proved that among three forms of w(theta, delta), considered here, the form corresponding to EWMELO is most dominant.

Estimation of Information Measures for Power-Function Distribution in Presence of Outliers and Their Applications

Entropy measurement plays an important role in the field of information theory. Furthermore, the estimation of entropy is an important issue in statistics and machine learning. This study estimated the Rényi and q-entropies of a power-function distribution in the presence of s outliers using classical and Bayesian procedures. In the classical method, the maximum likelihood estimators of the entropies were obtained and their performance was assessed through a numerical study. In the Bayesian method, the Bayesian estimators of the entropies under uniform and gamma priors were acquired based on different loss functions. The Bayesian estimators were computed empirically using a Monte Carlo simulation based on the Gibbs sampling algorithm. The simulated datasets were analyzed to investigate the accuracy of the estimates. The study results showed that the precision of the maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimates of both entropies improved with increasing the sample size and the number of outliers. The absolute biases and the mean squared errors of the estimates in the presence of outliers exceeded those of the corresponding estimates in the homogenous case (no-outliers). Furthermore, the Bayesian estimates of the Rényi and q-entropies under the squared error loss function were preferable to the other Bayesian estimates in a majority of the cases. Finally, analysis results of real data examples were consistent with those of the simulated data.

E-Bayesian and Bayesian Estimation for the Lomax Distribution under Weighted Composite LINEX Loss Function.

The main contribution of this work is the development of a compound LINEX loss function (CLLF) to estimate the shape parameter of the Lomax distribution (LD). The weights are merged into the CLLF to generate a new loss function called the weighted compound LINEX loss function (WCLLF). Then, the WCLLF is used to estimate the LD shape parameter through Bayesian and expected Bayesian (E-Bayesian) estimation. Subsequently, we discuss six different types of loss functions, including square error loss function (SELF), LINEX loss function (LLF), asymmetric loss function (ASLF), entropy loss function (ENLF), CLLF, and WCLLF. In addition, in order to check the performance of the proposed loss function, the Bayesian estimator of WCLLF and the E-Bayesian estimator of WCLLF are used, by performing Monte Carlo simulations. The Bayesian and expected Bayesian by using the proposed loss function is compared with other methods, including maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and Bayesian and E-Bayesian estimators under different loss functions. The simulation results show that the Bayes estimator according to WCLLF and the E-Bayesian estimator according to WCLLF proposed in this work have the best performance in estimating the shape parameters based on the least mean averaged squared error.

Estimating the Parameters of (POGE-G) Distribution and Its Application to Egyptian Mortality Rates

In this paper, we consider power odd generalized exponential-Gompertz (POGE-G) distribution which is capable of life tables to calculate death rates (failure). Based on simulated data from the PPOGE-G distribution, we consider the problem of estimation of parameters under classical approaches and Bayesian approaches. In this regard, we obtain maximum likelihood (ML) estimates, maximum product of spacing (MPS) and Bayes estimates under squared error loss function. We also compute 95% asymptotic confidence interval and highest posterior density interval estimates. The Monte Carlo simulation will be conduct to study and compare the performance of the various proposed estimators (simulation study indicates that the performance of MPS estimates is better MLE estimates and the performance of Bayes estimates is also better). Finally, application of a real data from the projections of the future population for the total of the Egyptian Arabic Republic for the period 2017-2052, depending on the book which introduced from the central agency for public mobilization and statistics in Feb (2019) from this application it could be said that this distributions can be applied to mortality rate data set. The present paper can also be extended to design of progressive censoring sampling plan and other censoring schemes can also be considered.

Bayesian and maximum likelihood estimations of the Dagum parameters under combined-unified hybrid censoring.

In this paper, we introduce a new form of hybrid censoring sample, that is called COMBINED-UNIFIED (C-U) hybrid sample. In this unified approach, we merge the combined hybrid censoring sampling that considered by Huang and Yang [1] and unified hybrid censoring sampling that considered by Balakrishnan et al. [2]. We apply the C-U hybrid censoring sampling to develop estimation procedures of the unknown parameters of Dagum distribution. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the unknown parameters and the asymptotic confidence intervals as well as the bootstrap confidence intervals are obtained. Also, we develop the Bayesian estimation of the unknown parameters of Dagum distribution under the squared error and linear-exponential (LINEX) loss functions. Since the closed forms of the Bayesian estimators are not available, so we encounter some computational difficulties to evaluate the Bayes estimates of the parameters involved in the model such as Tierney and Kadanes procedure as well as Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedure to compute approximate Bayes estimates. In addition, we show the usefulness of the theoretical findings thought some simulation experiments. Finally, a real data set have been analyzed for illustrative purposes of our results.

Classical and Bayesian Estimation of the Inverse Weibull Distribution: Using Progressive Type‐I Censoring Scheme

The challenge of estimating the parameters for the inverse Weibull (IW) distribution employing progressive censoring Type‐I (PCTI) will be addressed in this study using Bayesian and non‐Bayesian procedures. To address the issue of censoring time selection, qauntiles from the IW lifetime distribution will be implemented as censoring time points for PCTI. Focusing on the censoring schemes, maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) and asymptotic confidence intervals (ACI) for unknown parameters are constructed. Under the squared error (SEr) loss function, Bayes estimates (BEs) and concomitant maximum posterior density credible interval estimations are also produced. The BEs are assessed using two methods: Lindley’s approximation (LiA) technique and the Metropolis‐Hasting (MH) algorithm utilizing Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The theoretical implications of MLEs and BEs for specified schemes of PCTI samples are shown via a simulation study to compare the performance of the different suggested estimators. Finally, application of two real data sets will be employed.

Empirical E-Bayesian estimation for the parameter of Poisson distribution

<abstract> This paper introduces a new method of estimation, empirical E-Bayesian estimation. In this method, we consider the hyperparameters of E-Bayesian estimation are unknown. We compute the E-Bayesian and empirical E-Bayesian estimates for the parameter of Poisson distribution based on a complete sample. For our purpose, we consider the case of the squared error loss function. The E-posterior risk and empirical E-posterior risk are computed. A comparison between E-Bayesian and empirical E- Bayesian methods with the corresponding maximum likelihood estimation is made using the Monte Carlo simulation. A relevant application is utilized to illustrate the applicability of multiple estimators. </abstract>

Bayesian Estimation of Transmuted Weibull Distribution under Different Loss Functions

In this article, we aim to estimate the parameters of the transmuted Weibull distribution (TWD) using Bayesian approach, as the Weibull distribution plays an important role in reliability engineering and life testing problems. Informative and non-informative priors under squared error loss function (SELF), precautionary loss function (PLF) and quadratic loss function (QLF) are assumed to estimate the scale, the shape and the transmuted parameter of the TWD. In addition to this, we also compute the Bayesian credible intervals (BCIs). To estimate parameters, we adopt Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique assuming uncensored and censored environments in terms of different sample sizes and censoring rates. The posterior risks, associated with each estimator are used to compare the performance of different estimators. Two real data sets are analyzed to illustrate the flexibility of the proposed distribution.

Bayesian EWMA control charts based on Exponential and transformed Exponential distributions

AbstractIn this paper, we proposed the Bayesian exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts for mean under the nonnormal life time distributions. We used the time between events data which follow the Exponential distribution and proposed the Bayesian EWMA control charts for Exponential distribution and transformed Exponential distributions into Inverse Rayleigh and Weibull distributions. In order to develop the control charts, we used a uniform prior under five different symmetric and asymmetric loss functions (LFs), namely, squared error loss function (SELF), precautionary loss function (PLF), general entropy loss function (GELF), entropy loss function (ELF), and weighted balance loss function (WBLF). The average run length (ARL) and the standard deviation of run length (SDRL) are used to check the performance of the proposed Bayesian EWMA control charts for Exponential and transformed Exponential distributions. An extensive simulation study is conducted to evaluate the proposed Bayesian EWMA control chart for nonnormal distributions. It is observed from the results that the proposed control chart with the Weibull distribution produces the best results among the considered distributions under different LFs. A real data example is presented for implementation purposes.

Multistage Estimation of the Rayleigh Distribution Variance

In this paper we discuss the multistage sequential estimation of the variance of the Rayleigh distribution using the three-stage procedure that was presented by Hall (Ann. Stat. 9(6):1229–1238, 1981). Since the Rayleigh distribution variance is a linear function of the distribution scale parameter’s square, it suffices to estimate the Rayleigh distribution’s scale parameter’s square. We tackle two estimation problems: first, the minimum risk point estimation problem under a squared-error loss function plus linear sampling cost, and the second is a fixed-width confidence interval estimation, using a unified optimal stopping rule. Such an estimation cannot be performed using fixed-width classical procedures due to the non-existence of a fixed sample size that simultaneously achieves both estimation problems. We find all the asymptotic results that enhanced finding the three-stage regret as well as the three-stage fixed-width confidence interval for the desired parameter. The procedure attains asymptotic second-order efficiency and asymptotic consistency. A series of Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to study the procedure’s performance as the optimal sample size increases. We found that the simulation results agree with the asymptotic results.

Bayesian Analysis of the Weibull Paired Comparison Model Using Numerical Approximation

The method of paired comparisons (PC) is widely used to rank items using sensory evaluations. The PC models are developed to provide basis for such comparisons. In this study, the Weibull PC model is analyzed under the Bayesian paradigm using noninformative priors and different loss functions, namely, Squared Error Loss Function (SELF), Quadratic Loss Function (QLF), DeGroot Loss Function (DLF), and Precautionary Loss Function (PLF). Numerical approximation is used to illustrate the entire estimation procedure. A real dataset showing usage preferences for different cellphone brands, Huawei (HW), Samsung (SS), Oppo (OP), QMobile (QM), and Nokia (NK), is used. Quadrature method is used to evaluate the Bayes estimates, their posterior risks, preference probabilities, predictive probabilities, and posterior probabilities to establish and verify ranking order of the competing cellphone brands under study. The results show that the paired comparison model under the study using Bayesian approach involving various loss functions can offer mathematical approach to evaluate cellphone brand preferences. The ranking provided by the model is justifiable according to the usage preference for these cellphone brands. The ranking given by the model indicates that cellphone brand Samsung is preferred the most and QMobile is the least preferred. The plausibility of the model is also assessed using the Chi square test of goodness of fit.