ABSTRACT Background Individualized treatments in NSCLC are now based on molecular and/or histological data. This randomized trial (2/1) was set up to assess the efficacy of NC compared to PC for pts with nSCC. The primary end-point was disease control rate (DCR) including overall response rate (ORR) and stable disease (SD). Methods Pts received N60-80 mg/m2 D1, D8 + C80 mg/m2 D1 or P500 mg/m2 + C75 mg/m2 D1 for 4 cycles q3w; pts with DCR received single agent continuation maintenance (CM) until progression or toxicity. Results From 10/09 to 02/11, 151 pts were treated with NC or PC. ITT = 151 NC n = 100 PC n = 51 Male/Stage IV (%) 62.0/87.0 64.7/88.2 Median age (y, range) 61.0 (38.4-75.1) 63.8 (40.3-75.5) Combination: (%) ITT(95% CI) DCR 75.0 (65.3-83.1) 74.5 (60.4-85.7) ORR 21.0 (13.5-30.3) 23.5 (12.8-37.5) Combination + CM:(%) ITT (95% CI) n= 53 n = 33 DCR 75 (65.3-83.1) 76.5 (62.5-87.2) ORR 24 (16.0-33.6) 31.4 (19.1-45.9) Median PFS ITT (m,range) 4.2 (3.6-4.7) 4.2 (3.2-5.6) PFS ITT at 6/12/18m (%) 33.0/10.3/5.5 27.5/7.4/2.5 Median OS ITT (m,range) 10.6 (7.8-12.1) 10.8 (7.0-14.5) Related toxicities G3/4 (%pts) NC/PC during Combination: anemia 9.0(G3)/8.2, leucopenia 26.0/10.2, neutropenia 44.0/18.3, febrile neutro 2.0/2.0, thrombocytopenia 0/6.1, fatigue(G3) 7.0/3.9, hyperglycemia 4.0/7.8, nausea(G3) 5.0/0, vomiting(G3) 7.0/2.0, stomatitis(G3) 0/2.0, pneumonia(G3) 0/2.0, deep vein thrombosis(G3) 0/2.0, pulmonary embolism(G4) 0/2.0. During Maintenance: anemia 5.0/4.1, leucopenia 2.0/10.2, neutropenia 11.0/20.4, febrile neutro 3.8/0, fatigue (G3) 3.8/0, stomatitis(G3) 1.9/ 3.0, pain 3.8/6.0, Respiratory disorders 0/4.0, deep vein thrombosis (G3)0/2.0. Deaths potentially related to CT 2/1. Conclusions NC and PC had similar efficacy. In the present economic context, the acquisition cost of the two platinum based doublets should be considered in the treatment decision making of pts with advanced nSCC NSCLC. Disclosure S. Malasse: Statistician of the study Employment for the sponsor. F. Biville-Hedouin: Medical Project Manager of the study Employment for the sponsor. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.