Association Of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Research Articles

A REVIEW OF THE AETIOLOGY OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE CONJUNCTIVA, WITH PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A CASE-CONTROL STUDY FROM KAMPALA, UGANDA

Although rare in Europe and the USA, the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva increases by almost 50% with each 10° decline in latitude(P<0.0001) and it is known to be caused by exposure to solar ultraviolet light. Furthermore, 3 studies from Africa and one from the USA have demonstrated an association with HIV infection(summary odds ratio=13.0; 95% confidence intervals=7.2-23.1; derived from weighted averages of the log relative risks from each study). Human papilloma viruses may also be involved in the aetiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma although results from twelve published studies are conflicting. In an on-going study of the relationship between HIV infection and cancer, in Kampala, Uganda, an attempt is being made to interview and HIV test all cancer patients within the 5 main city hospitals. Since August 1994, 71 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva have been recruited, and asked about various social and lifestyle factors. The comparison group comprises over 1200 patients with all cancers other than Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (which are known to be HIV-associated), for whom questionnaire data and HIV test results are available. Tissue specimens are also collected, a sample of which are being tested for the presence of Human papilloma viruses. To date, over 70% (45/63 tested) of those with conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma were HIV seropositive compared to less than 20% of the comparison group (odds ratio 8.3; 4.5-15.5, adjusted for age and sex). No other consistent associations have yet been observed although numbers are small at the moment. Data on HPV in tumour tissue are awaited. These preliminary results confirm the known association of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva with HIV infection, but more cases are required before other possible risk factors can be considered in detail. Thus, together with Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is the third tumour to be clearly HIV-associated.

The association of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva and lichen sclerosus: implications for management and follow up

Summary All cases of biopsy proven squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vulva and of lichen sclerosus (LS) presenting to a district general hospital between 1984 and 1993 were studied. Twenty-eight cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva were identified from histological specimens. Histological evidence of LS was found in 28.5% and clinical LS in 57%. There was poor correlation between clinical and histological findings when SCC arose on a background of LS. A second study of all cases of histological LS over the same period showed the incidence of SCC in vulval LS to be 7%.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising From a Suprapubic Cystostomy Tract with Extension Into the Bladder

Although squamous cell C o m a of the bladder is uncommon, accounting for about 5% of all bladder cancers in the United States, it develops with increased frequency in the spinal cord injured patient (2.5 to 10% in most studies) at a rate of 16 to 28 times the incidence in the general population.' The association of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, chronic inflammatory states and persistent infection has been established. We report on a paraplegic patient in whom a suprapubic cystostomy tract squamous cell carcinoma developed after 25 years of urinary diversion. The tumor involved the cystostomy tract primarily with extension into the bladder. To our knowledge only 1 such case has been reported previously.2 Our case reemphasizes the importance of routine surveillance in patients with chronic indwelling urinary catheters.

Human papillomavirus infection in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in western countries.

Recent studies have suggested that esophageal HPV infection could be a risk factor for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. The aims of our study were to assess the presence of HPV esophageal infection among French patients with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma and to compare the prevalence of this infection among control patients exposed to similar known risk factors (alcohol and tobacco) and among non-exposed control patients. All patients had the following investigations: serum immunoglobulin level, T-lymphocyte subsets, cutaneous anergy test and endoscopy with biopsies from tumoral and normal areas. Three different methods were used for HPV-infection diagnosis: histological score, in situ hybridization intended for detection of HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33, and dot blot intended for detection of HPV types 6/11 and 16/18. Five out of 12 patients with esophageal carcinoma had HPV esophageal infection. This infection did not result from impaired immune status. The most frequently observed types are HPV 16/18. None out of 17 exposed controls and only 1 out of 7 nonexposed controls had HPV esophageal infection (p less than 0.01). HPV infection may be implicated in the development of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in association with known risk factors.

Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nail Bed and Finger Determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Increasing evidence supports the association of squamous cell carcinoma of the finger and nail bed with human papillomavirus infection. We treated 12 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the finger and nail bed, none of whom was originally diagnosed as having a malignant lesion. Half of the patients were referred for carbon dioxide laser ablation of what was believed to be a recalcitrant verruca vulgaris. Our objective was to evaluate these lesions for the presence of human papillomavirus by in situ hybridization techniques and the polymerase chain reaction. This is the first report of use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect human papillomavirus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of periungual squamous cell carcinoma. Seven of the 12 lesions were evaluated for the presence of human papillomavirus by both in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction. Five of the seven periungual lesions were found to contain human papillomavirus type 16 but not type 18 DNA with use of the polymerase chain reaction technique. In situ hybridization failed to identify human papillomavirus in any of these patients' tumors. Our data confirm the association between human papillomavirus and squamous cell carcinoma of the periungual region and suggest that biopsies should be performed on chronic, isolated lesions of the finger in adults before therapy is initiated.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract Associated With WellDifferentiated Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland

The association of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract with well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas has rarely been reported in the literature. We report 10 cases illustrating this occurrence. In eight cases, the thyroid carcinoma was discovered accidentally on histological examination of a single neck node, a neck node dissection specimen, an unexpectedly found thyroid nodule, or a systematically resected thyroid lobe, all during surgical treatment of an upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma. In the other two cases, metastatic thyroid neck nodes appeared during the follow-up of a patient with an upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma. No case of upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas was found during the follow-up of thyroid cancer patients. In most cases, adequate thyroid cancer surgery was performed simultaneously or later. Prognosis was essentially determined by the upper aerodigestive tract cancer.

Acquired Diffuse Keratoderma of the Palms and Soles With Bronchial Carcinoma: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

To the Editor.— There have been some reports of internal malignancy associated with nonfamilial palmoplantar keratoderma of late onset,1-4as well as of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in association with familial keratosis palmaris et plantaris of early onset.5We describe a patient who had developed nonfamilial, acquired diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma of late onset as a cutaneous manifestation of primary bronchial carcinoma. A review of the literature on similar cases1-4disclosed a possible relationship between late-onset, nonfamilial palmoplantar keratoderma and intrathoracic squamous cell carcinoma. Report of a Case.— A 49-year-old man presented to our clinic in June 1985, with a three-month history of progressive thickening of his palms and soles. Physical examination revealed diffuse keratoderma of both palms and soles with dry, thick, and yellowish scales (Figure). Repeated microscopic examinations and cultures of scales for fungi gave negative findings. A skin biopsy specimen obtained from the palmar skin

喉頭Ｖｅｒｒｕｃｏｕｓ ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａの再発治療例

Two patients treated for verrucous carcinoma of the larynx are reported. They showed metachronous association of squamous cell carcinoma and required total laryngectomy 16 years after their original surgery.Verrucous carcinoma is a highly differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma and has so far never metastasized to lymph nodes and distant organs, but the tumor has occasionally synchronous or metachronous malignancy of the larynx. As this associated interval extended over a period 10 years, the patient with laryngeal verrucous carcinoma treated with conservation surgery should be followed up for a long time.

Human Papillomavirus-11 DNA in a Patient with Chronic Laryngotracheobronchial Papillomatosis and Metastatic Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

LARYNGEAL papillomas are benign epithelial tumors that primarily involve the larynx and epiglottis but may extend into the trachea and the bronchi. The development of invasive squamous-cell carcinoma in association with laryngeal papillomatosis is rare and occurs almost exclusively in patients who have had radiation therapy.1 , 2 Laryngeal papillomas are caused by specific human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which have a specific tropism for squamous epithelial cells and which can induce cellular proliferation or dysplasia. More than 46 distinct types of HPVs have been identified, and two of them have been specifically associated with laryngeal papillomas. These are HPV-11, which was originally detected . . .

A case-control study of skin cancer in the tire and rubber manufacturing industry.

A case-control study was conducted in the tire and rubber manufacturing industry to examine the association of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with rubber manufacturing materials presumed to be contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Sixty-five cases were compared to 254 matched controls for exposure to carbon black, extender oils, lubricating oils, rubber solvents, and rubber stock. Both magnitude and duration of exposure were compared using data from company personnel records. Rubber stock and lubricating oils were associated with skin cancer. The relative risk (RR) associated with the highest levels of rubber stock exposure was 2.2, and with the highest level of lubricating oil exposure it was 6.5. In analysis of subgroups of study members, the associations were strongest among workers who were born after 1900 (rubber stock, RR = 11.6; lubricating oil, RR = 4.5) and among workers whose skin cancer was diagnosed before the age of seventy (rubber stock, RR = 23.2; lubricating oil, RR = 28.3).