SPWM Techniques Research Articles

Multilevel inverter: harmonic analysis with and without filters for RL load using SPWM techniques

Multilevel inverter (MLI) gains more attraction compared to conventional inverter as it generates a staircase output voltage that mimics sine waves of desired output voltage. Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) topology is taken into consideration owing to several benefits over conventional inverters. Various levels of CHB (3 and 5 level) inverters are compared on diverse parameters. In this paper level shift sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique is considered resulting in reduced lower order harmonic (LOH) distortion and improve the quality of output current and voltage depending on the load. Since, the LOH are too dangerous for power electronic circuits. An attempt to shift all the LOH above 50th order depending on the modulation technique with analogy for selecting an appropriate switching frequency is highlighted. The effect of change in switching frequency and modulation index (MI) on RMS output voltage, % voltage total harmonic distortion (VTHD), output power factor with different modulation techniques such as phase disposition pulse width modulation (PsD PWM), phase opposite disposition (POD PWM), alternative phase opposition disposition (APOD PWM) is portrayed in the paper. Further, to boost the performance a unique filter circuits with optimal design values of Inductance and capacitance driven with IEEE 519-2022 standards. The effectiveness in terms of with and without filter is verified and validated using MATLAB.

Comparative study of SPWM and SVPWM techniques for the control of three-phase grid connected inverter

Comparative study of SPWM and SVPWM techniques for the control of three-phase grid connected inverter

Harmonic elimination by SPWM and THIPWM techniques applied in photovoltaic inverters

Harmonic elimination by SPWM and THIPWM techniques applied in photovoltaic inverters

Improving Power Density of a Three-Level ANPC Structure Using the Electro-Thermal Model of Inverter and a Modified SPWM Technique

Multilevel inverter structures have become an interesting substitute for the well-known two-level inverters in a variety of applications due to their exceptional characteristics when compared to conventional inverters. One major issue regarding multilevel structures is the unequal junction temperature of the switches which deteriorates the power density and increase the cost of the inverter by reducing the maximum achievable output power with a given thermal model and cooling system. Hence, on account of the aggressive goals of power density and cost in a majority of power electronic applications, this article proposes a new technique for reducing the maximum junction temperature of switches in a three-level active neutral-point clamped (ANPC) inverter based on a junction temperature estimation method and a modified SPWM control scheme. This technique can ensure up to a 12% rise in the power density value when compared to basic SPWM techniques with no loss distribution algorithm. Moreover, the suggested approach can be used as a protection stage in the inverter which protects the inverter in transient loads, while allowing for reaching the maximum power capability of the inverter. Finally, the simulations of the proposed technique are validated with experimental results of a 400 V, 20 kW three-level ANPC inverter, controlled by the conventional and proposed techniques.

Harmonic elimination by SPWM and THIPWM techniques applied in photovoltaic inverters

With advances in solid-state power electronic devices, control techniques (PWM) have been devised to obtain high dynamics responses from a multilevel power conditioning converter-Photovoltaic. This work discusses the advantages and drawbacks of two different PWM techniques, the sinusoidal (SPWM) technique and the Third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM) technique. These two methods are compared by discussing their ease of implementation and by analyzing the output harmonic spectra of various output voltage and their total harmonic distortion (THD). The focus of this paper is the simulation study of single-phase inverter, three phases, two levels and three levels inverter for application photovoltaic. Firstly, single phase is modeled with inductive load and their waveforms are observed. Secondly, a two levels inverter, and three levels inverter are leading to the high industrial performances of the drives synchronous, especially, if a high-power quality is requested.

Comparison of Multi-Carrier Based Modified SPWM Techniques for Three Level FCMLI

In this paper, a three phase three level flying capacitor multi level inverter is simulated for various multi-carrier based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques and the result obtained were evaluated. Two type waves named triangular and trapezoidal triangular (TT) waves are used as Carrier waves. Other than normal sinusoidal PWM, Modified sine PWM technique is also used for effective comparison. In Modified SPWM a Sinusoidal wave is used as reference wave and carrier waves conducting for first and last 60° intervals are used as carrier. The Total Harmonic distortion (THD) obtained in various techniques are compared between all the methods. The harmonics, THD, fundamental value of output voltage is observed for various techniques.

Comparison of Multi-Carrier Based Modified SPWM Techniques for Three Level FCMLI

Comparison of Multi-Carrier Based Modified SPWM Techniques for Three Level FCMLI

Mitigation of Harmonics for Eleven-Level Cascaded Multilevel Inverter using SPWM and SHE Techniques

Mitigation of Harmonics for Eleven-Level Cascaded Multilevel Inverter using SPWM and SHE Techniques

Simulation of Standalone Three-Phase Photovoltaic System with SPWM and SVPWM Techniques

Maximum power point tracking is a method employed to produce the utmost power available from the photovoltaic module. To date, many algorithms for maximum power point tracking technique had been stated, every with its own capabilities. In this paper, a Luo converter with high-voltage conversion gain is employed to track photovoltaic panels at maximum power and to step up the voltage to a higher level. This work also aims to validate the performance of the maximum power point tracking system with Luo converter which utilizes incremental conductance techniques. Space vector modulation and sinusoidal pulse width modulations are the control techniques employed to control the three-phase voltage source converter. In order to measure the overall performance indices of the proposed system, a simulation is carried out in MATLAB / Simulink environment.

Evaluation of POD and APOD multicarrier SPWM techniques for three-phase seven-level diode clamped multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive using FPGA

Evaluation of POD and APOD multicarrier SPWM techniques for three-phase seven-level diode clamped multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive using FPGA

Evaluation of POD and APOD multicarrier SPWM techniques for three-phase seven-level diode clamped multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive using FPGA

Multilevel inverters have drawn tremendous interest in high power high voltage applications due to their merits such as reduced voltage stress on switches, lower EMI problems and reduction in THD. The MLI technology is also advantageous in improving output waveforms due to the higher number of levels in the waveform of output voltage along with a reduced input filter size which is useful for grid connected applications. This paper focuses on implementation of three-phase diode clamped multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive using various multicarrier-based sinusoidal pulse width modulation techniques. The performance analysis of the inverter is carried out using phase opposition disposition (POD) and alternate phase opposition disposition (APOD) techniques. In addition to this, the comparison of the modulation methods is also analysed. Simulation is performed using MATLAB/Simulink. The POD and APOD carrier-based sinusoidal pulse width modulation techniques for three-phase seven-level diode clamped multilevel inverter are implemented on VPE Spartan 3A DSP board using Xilinx field programmable gate array (FPGA) and the experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the operation of the seven-level diode clamped multilevel inverter using PWM strategies.

Performance Research of Seven Level Multi-Level Inverter with Reduced Switches using Various PWM Techniques

A inverter is basically a device that usually converts DC to AC voltage without causing any power loss, applicable to only low to medium voltage applications. But in case of medium to high power applications, it has demerits like high switching losses, reduced cost and low efficiency. To overcome these demerits a Multilevel inverter applicable to high voltage and high-power applications which have low total harmonic distortion (THD) is introduced. This paper is mainly focused on seven-level inverter with five switches and four dc sources. with low total harmonic distortion, less switching loss without adding any complexity to the circuit. The switching topology is integrated with various SPWM techniques like Phase Disposition (PD), Phase Opposition Disposition (POD) and Anti Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD). For better performance of the inverter above three PWM techniques will be compared and analyzed to find the low THD configuration. The simulation of switching topology is done by MATLAB/Simulink.

Transmission system regularization with 5-level cascaded IPFC

<p class="JESAbstract">In recent years, there is an immensely huge demand to power due to industrialization and modernization, butcorrespondingly the amplification of generation and transmission has not been done due to constrained resources and environmental limitations. The huge growth in demand leads to various problems in power systems. Heavy growth in semiconductor technology made power electronics plays a key role in solving these problems. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are used for fixing various problems in power system. They are used for enhancing the existing transmission capabilities and improving the system dynamic performance so that to make transmission system flexible and efficient in operation. Inter line power flow controller (IPFC) is a latest generation series connected FACTS device, having capability of controlling power flow among multi line in a transmission network. In this paper cascaded 5 level inverter is used as the inverter module for IPFC. Control techniques play a vital role in power flow control in the system, with the main objective of minimization of harmonics and obtaining a variable output with maximum fundamental component. This paper discusses various comparative case studies on IPFC with cascaded 5 level inverter using SPWM and SVM control techniques.</p>

Torque Ripple Reduction in Brushless DC Motor by Using SPWM and SVPWM Techniques

Brushless DC motors have the large applications because of its easiest control system and the highest efficiency. Industrial BLDC motor drives suffers from the ripples in the torque, due to which motor has more noise, vibrations and less efficient. To reduce the ripple, the Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) and Sinusoidal PWM are implemented in BLDC drive. The Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controls the converter output voltage and frequency. Space Vector PWM (SVPWM)and Sinusoidal PWM are the best techniques used in industries because its easy design. Space Vector PWM control method is implemented and it overcomes the disadvantages in PWM such as losses in switching of the converter, output harmonic content& provides better DC-bus voltages. The torque ripples are also reduced in SVPWM method compared to SPWM method. In this paper BLDC motor with a fuzzy controller is presented and the comparison in performance of SVPWM &SPWM methods presented. The SVPWM makes the drive has less ripple in torque& noiseless operation. The Matlab/Simulink models of SVPWM and SPWM method with fuzzy controlled BLDC motor also presented.

Design and Development of Three Levels Universal Electric Vehicle Charger Based on Integration of VOC and SPWM Techniques

In order to successfully launch Electric vehicles (EVs) over the actual world, EVs battery chargers have a crucial role to predict the charging time. This work presents the design process of a universal EV charger, The proposed charger is able of providing a controllable and constant charging voltage for a various EVs, which is composed of three levels of charging, 650 V/100 A DC for bus or lorry, single-phase 120 V/16 A AC for motorcycle, and three-phase 240 V/60 A for saloon car battery charging. The output voltage ranges are 40 V–60 V, 400 V–500 V, or 500 V–600 V. The power system of this work consists of two converters; First one, is for the three-phase pulse-width modulated (PWM) of a bridge rectifier with an output of 850 V DC unregulated voltage, while the second converter is for the three-phase DC–DC converter. To satisfy the voltage control and the isolation between Grid To Vehicle (G2V), a three-phase transformer has been exploited within the DC/DC converter. The primary output circuit achieved the charge levels one and two, while the whole circuit output can charge level three or the DC charge. For efficient and secure battery charging, voltageoriented control (VOC) technique is proposed. The unity power factor for the PWM-based rectifier and SPWM are designed and evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink block sets. The total harmonic distortion (THD) for the input current is less than 5%, while the overall simulation-based efficiency is more than 97%. A prototype and simulation results validate that the proposed EV charger is robust, accurate, and applicable.

Analysis of P-Q and D-Q APF using Hysteresis and SPWM Techniques

Analysis of P-Q and D-Q APF using Hysteresis and SPWM Techniques

Simulation and Experimental Validation of Multicarrier PWM Techniques for Three-phase Five-Level Cascaded H-bridge with FPGA Controller

The FPGA represents a valid solution for the design of control systems for inverters adopted in many fields of power electronics because of its high flexibility of use. This paper presents an overview and an experimental validation of the MC SPWM techniques for a three-phase, five-level, cascaded H-Bridge inverter with FPGA controller-based. Several control algorithms are implemented by means of the VHDL programming language and the output voltage waveforms obtained from the main PWM techniques are compared in terms of THD%. Simulation and experimental results are analyzed, compared and discussed.

Design of a Three Phase Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter Based on Different SPWM Techniques

Design of a Three Phase Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter Based on Different SPWM Techniques

A Novel Topology Of Multilevel Inverter With Reduced Number Of Switches And DC Sources

This paper introduces new topology of cascaded multilevel inverter, with considerable reduction in the number of switches and DC voltage sources. The proposed topology is based on asymmetrical multilevel inverter which produces 21 levels of output with the use of 11 unidirectional switches, 3 diodes and 4 DC voltage sources. The advantages of this topology are reduction in the number of switches (2 nos.) and gate driver circuits (2 nos.), reduction in the number of DC sources (2 nos.) also cost, complexity, and space required for hardware is reduced without sacrificing the quality output of the inverter. To reduce the THD further Level shifting SPWM techniques such as PD, POD & APOD are used and comparison is shown on the basis of THDs obtained from the above SPWM techniques. Frequency of carrier waves is 1KHz, and modulation index is 1.0. To validate the proposed topology the circuit is simulated and verified by using MATLAB/Simulink. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v5i1.5810

Design and Simulation of Space Vector PWM for Three-Phase Induction Motor

In this Work, Space Vector Modulation (SVM) will be utilized as another alternative modulation technique which was known to be better than SPWM techniques in certain areas. Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) has become the successful techniques to construct three phase sine wave Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) parallel to control three-phase motor using vector control method. The VSI have six legs for the three-phase induction motor, and eight switching sequences had been simulated in MATLAB / SIMULINK. The simulation result shows the feasibility of the proposed modulation techniques to drive three-phase induction motor. The 3-phase stators and 3-phase rotors are considered as two fundamental parts of a 3-phase AC induction motor. When the 3-phase stators are energized by the 3-phase AC power source, current flow is generated in the stators. The magnetic field synthesized by 3-phase stator current is always rotating incessantly with the variation of the current. This rotating magnetic field cuts the rotor and the current generated in it interacts with the rotating magnetic field and thus produces the magnetic torque which makes the rotor rotate (Figure 1). The rotating speed of the rotor n should be less than that of the rotating magnetic field n0. Reverse rotating of the rotor will be realized by two of the 3-phase power source positions exchanged.