SPWM Technique Research Articles

Algorithm for Assessment of the Switching Angles in the Unipolar SPWM Technique for Single-Phase Inverters

Algorithm for Assessment of the Switching Angles in the Unipolar SPWM Technique for Single-Phase Inverters

Fault-tolerant reconfigurable second-life battery system using cascaded DC- DC converter

Objectives: To control the power flow resulting in improved utilization of the available cells, increased lifetime, and higher reliability. Reduce the gross energy demand and global warming potential and to promote Zero Waste.Methods: A reconfigurable battery system using second-life batteries based on cascaded DC-DC converters is presented. When compared to conventional boost converters, it can be demonstrated that each submodule’s power can be controlled separately, improving the battery system’s available capacity. Faulty battery modules can be bypassed, increasing the system’s reliability and fault tolerance capability. The chosen approach is shown with cascaded system using proportional integral derivative (PID) controller and the Single-phase inverter with SPWM technique for the Stationary load applicationFindings: The proposed cascaded system act as a fault tolerant system since the source is the second-life battery even though there is fault has occurred in the system meets the load demand. These simulations are done in MATLAB and the results are discussed. The DC link voltage of the cascaded system has more ripple based on the tuning of the PID controller with the values of Kp,Ki, Kd the ripple can be decreased.Novelty: Cascaded system with a fault-tolerant system using the second life battery will promote the zero-carbon waste of the batter and it is the new approach

Analysis of cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with current control methods

A detailed model and analysis of a five-level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter with different current control methods are presented. Simulation models of the CHB inverter with hysteresis current controller, PI current controller using SPWM technique and predictive current controller have been built to demonstrate the CHB inverter system performance with regard to load current THD and reference current tracking. In controlling the load current, the hysteresis and the PI current controllers have the problem of current ripple and phase lag, respectively. The proposed predictive current control method effectively addresses these issues. The current control methods are analyzed for varying reference current and unbalanced load conditions. The simulation results are observed and analyzed using the MATLAB Simulink software to validate the current control methods.

Seven level aligned multilevel inverter with new SPWM technique for PV, wind, battery-based hybrid standalone system

Abstract Power generation using renewable energy sources is becoming popular in current scenario due to their capability of reduction in carbon emission as well as reliable power supply to consumers. However, power generation from a single renewable energy source cannot able to provide stable power. Hence, integration of renewable energy sources-based power generations needs to be established for providing continuous power supply to consumers. Solar energy and wind power are two major available sources on earth, hence, photovoltaic (PV) and permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind power generation system is considered in this paper. On the other hand, many loads are AC loads that required conversion from DC to AC such as inverters. Generally, multilevel inverters can able to provide quality supply to loads than normal inverters. However, the number of switches used in the multilevel inverter is more and also increasing size and complexity by increasing the level of the inverter. Therefore, an aligned multilevel inverter is implemented for a PV-Wind-based stand-alone system that has a smaller number of switches. Both solar irradiance and wind speed are depending on weather conditions and are unstable, hence a battery bank is incorporated with the help of a bidirectional DC to DC converter to provide an uninterrupted power supply to loads. A novel controller for 7 levels aligned inverter is implemented in this paper to supply quality power to loads under various scenarios. The proposed Aligned Multilevel Inverter needs half of the switches when compared to existing multilevel inverters as diode-clamped, flying-capacitor, and cascaded H-Bridge topologies. The hardware-in-loop is developed with OPAL-RT to present results under various case studies.

Improving Power Density of a Three-Level ANPC Structure Using the Electro-Thermal Model of Inverter and a Modified SPWM Technique

Multilevel inverter structures have become an interesting substitute for the well-known two-level inverters in a variety of applications due to their exceptional characteristics when compared to conventional inverters. One major issue regarding multilevel structures is the unequal junction temperature of the switches which deteriorates the power density and increase the cost of the inverter by reducing the maximum achievable output power with a given thermal model and cooling system. Hence, on account of the aggressive goals of power density and cost in a majority of power electronic applications, this article proposes a new technique for reducing the maximum junction temperature of switches in a three-level active neutral-point clamped (ANPC) inverter based on a junction temperature estimation method and a modified SPWM control scheme. This technique can ensure up to a 12% rise in the power density value when compared to basic SPWM techniques with no loss distribution algorithm. Moreover, the suggested approach can be used as a protection stage in the inverter which protects the inverter in transient loads, while allowing for reaching the maximum power capability of the inverter. Finally, the simulations of the proposed technique are validated with experimental results of a 400 V, 20 kW three-level ANPC inverter, controlled by the conventional and proposed techniques.

Design and Analysis of Multi-Device Interleaved Boost Converter Driving an Induction Motor

Electric vehicles are the future of mobility solutions. The electric vehicles are driven by an electric motor with the help of a power electronic interface. The power electronic interface needs to be designed in an efficient way both in mechanical and electrical aspects. This paper proposes the concept of design, simulation and analysis of a 10 kW Multi-Device Interleaved DC-DC Boost Converter (MDIBC) to drive a 4 kW Induction Motor. The motor is driven from the MDIBC through an inverter with SPWM technique. The variation in DC link voltage due to motor is controlled and stabilized to give a constant DC of 400 V. MDIBC consists of semi-controlled switches topology excited by Phase Shifted PWM technique to reduce the ripple current in interleaving inductors. The dual loop control methodology using PI controller is adopted to reduce the ripple in input inductor current and DC link voltage. The open loop simulation and closed loop simulation are done in MATLAB Simulink environment. The simulation results show that the overshoots and steady state error in inductor currents and output voltage are reduced in addition with reduction in current and voltage ripples.

Performance Analysis of Three-Phase Inverter Using Different Techniques for the Grid- Connected Pv System

The model of a three-phase voltage source inverter is examined based on space vector theory. SVPWM offers an improved outcome with the inverter as compared to the conservative SPWM technique for the inverter. There is a 15.5% upsurge in the line voltage of the inverter. SVPWM better exploits the available DC-link power with the SVPWM inverter. It has been revealed that the SVPWM method utilizes DC bus voltage extra competently and produces a smaller amount of harmonic distortion and easier digital realization in a three-phase voltage-source inverter. For converter‘s gating signals generation, the space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy lessens the switching losses by restricting the switching to two-thirds of the pulse duty cycle. A hypothetical study regarding the use of the SVPWM the three-level voltage inverter and simulation results are offered to prove the usefulness of the SVPWM in the involvement in the switching power losses lessening, output voltages with fewer harmonics. Nevertheless, despite all the above-cited benefits that SVPWM enjoys over SPWM, the SVPWM technique used in three-level inverters is more difficult on account of a large number of inverter switching states. The attained simulation outcomes were satisfactory. As prospects, future experimental works will authenticate the simulation results. A software simulation model is developed in Matlab/Simulink.

DESAIN SPWM SINGLE PHASE FULL BRIDGE INVERTER PADA SISTEM UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY 500W

Indonesia has sufficient power resources provided by PLN. However, blackouts still occur frequently due to several reasons, such as disruption in transmission and distribution, especially when the weather is raining. This has an impact on customer inconvenience. To overcome this, several houses have used a backup power source in the form of a generator set that will be operated by a blackout. This solution turns out to cause noise that can interfere with user comfort. To increase user convenience, a system (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is proposed. The system there is a voltage sensor to detect a power outage. In addition, there is an SSR switch so that it can to switch main source to the UPS with a fast response time during a blackout. The inverter on UPS system uses the SPWM technique to produce a sine wave output, then the use of an LC filter to reduce ripple on the system. PID-based voltage control is used to maintain the output inverter by the setting value of magnitude amplitude. Based on the results of the test, the UPS can work during a blackout with a maximum power of 500W and the voltage constant at 215V.
 
 Keywords — Blackout, PI Controller , SPWM, UPS.

Analysis on three phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter based on sinusoidal and third harmonic injected pulse width modulation via level shifted and phase shifted modulation technique

This work proposes a comparative analysis of sinusoidal and third harmonic injected reference signal modulation accompany with level-shifted PWM technique named as phase disposition (LSPD), phase opposition disposition (LSPOD), and alternate phase opposition disposition (LSAPOD) and phase-shifted PWM technique. Switching pulses from both reference signal and PWM technique have been fed into three phase eleven level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) fed on a resistive-inductive load with the modulation depth (MD) set to varied from 80% to 100%. For voltage source inverter, total harmonic distortion (THD) content is critical and must be within the allowable range. To prove the feasibility of the reference signal with carrier signal schemes, the entire simulation of the modulation techniques is established and conducted via the Simulink environment. According to the analyzed result, the performance is acceptable in terms of %THDV and %THDI values. Simulation analysis also indicates, at full modulation depth, due to higher fundamental output voltage component produces via the THIPWM modulation technique compared to the SPWM technique, this causes higher %THDV value.

Harmonic Distortion Assessment in the Single-Phase Photovoltaic (PV) System Based on SPWM Technique

The solar electric (photovoltaic or PV) system generates the electrical power at the day time. The current and voltage distortions are caused by the nonlinearities present in PV system which lead to the power issues. In the proposed PV system, the Insulated Gate Bipolar Junction Transistor switches the boost converter and multilevel inverter to regulate the output power of the system. In case of PV system, boost converter output is fed to an inverter to transform power from direct current to alternating current thereby inducing harmonic. The harmonic causes unnecessary overheating of the equipment, nuisance tripping of breakers and power factor reduction. The proportional integral derivative controller along with sinusoidal pulse width modulation is implemented in the proposed single-phase PV system to reduce the harmonic distortion and to improve the system performance. In the scope of this paper, the performance analysis of the PV system is done as far as accuracy, robustness and stability.

FFNN BASED MPPT CONTROLLER FOR PEMFC POWERED NON-ISOLATED HIGH GAIN DC-DC CONVERTER WITH SPWM INVERTER FED BLDC MOTOR

A Non-Isolated High Gain DC-DC converter fed from 1.2kW PEMFC is designed to boost the fuel cell voltage. The Feed-forward Neural Network based MPPT controller algorithm is implemented to adjust the duty cycle of DC-DC converter in order make sure optimum power extraction from PEMFC whose result is compared with Fuzzy Logic Controller. The boosted DC voltage is inverteted to drive BLDC motor by three phase inverter. The inverter switches are triggered with switching pattern generated by SPWM technique according to the Hall sensor signals placed at stator of BLDC motor to find the position of rotor. The simulation anlysis has been carried out using MATLAB (R2017a)/Simulink platform and discussed the results.

Modified SPWM technique for improved harmonic performance of single PV array fed grid‐tied five‐level converter

This study presents a performance assessment of a single photovoltaic (PV) array fed transformer-based five-level converter topology with optimal shift factor-based modified sinusoidal pulse width modulation (OSF-MSPWM) technique under a dynamic solar PV environment. The five-level converter output is generated using H bridge cells and single-phase transformers. A single PV array is fed to all cascaded H bridge cells and isolation is provided by cascading secondary windings of the transformers in the AC side. The separate DC sources requirement is eliminated and galvanic isolation is provided by single-phase transformers. The decoupled controller with modified in-phase disposition PWM technique is used for active power injection into the grid at unity power factor. This work uses a new carrier shape at the same input carrier frequency and modulation index m f for improving the harmonics performance of the five-level converter. Hence, shift the dominant harmonics to the higher side for developed topology and performing optimal shift factor-based modulation is compared with the conventional SPWM technique. The steady-state and dynamic responses of the PV multilevel converter are observed in MATLAB simulation and tested in a real-time platform.

Optimization of P& PI controller parameters for variable speed drive systems using a flower pollination algorithm

In this study, a novel flower pollination algorithm (FPA) has been suggested for optimal tuning of P and PI controllers included in a variable speed drive VSD system control circuit. In addition to the manual tuning of controllers’ parameters, several optimization algorithms like GA, PSO, GWO have been used for controllers optimal tuning in different studies. In this study, the errors caused by grid side current harmonic distortion in the VSD system have been used depending on SPWM technique to generate switching signals for a four-quadrant chopper circuit that acts like a filter and compensates the harmonic content in the grid current and smooth ripples in both DC-link current and voltage. The studied drive system and control circuit have been modeled using Matlab/Simulink, then it was linked with the proposed algorithm and tested under different operation conditions. A hardware laboratory model has been built and tested in order to confirm the validity of this study. Comparing the proposed algorithm with other optimization algorithms shows that the suggested algorithm outperforms other algorithms in improving the time response of the VSD system, reducing total harmonic distortion THD of grid current, and reducing ripple factor PF.

Simplified down sampling factor based modified SVPWM technique for cascaded inverter fed induction motor drive

<p><span>This paper presents a rivew, investigation and performance analysis of novel down samples factor based modified space vector PWM is called clamping SVPWM technique for cascaded Multilevel Invereter fed to Induction motor drive. In this paper the reference sine wave generated as in case of conventional off set injected SVPWM technique is modified by down sampling factor the reference wave by order of 10. The performance analyses of this modulation strategies are analyzed by apply for five level, seven level, nine level and eleven level inverter. The performance analysis of cascaded inverter interms of line voltage, stator current, speed, torque and total harmonic distortion. The results are depicting that PD PWM is more effective among the four proposed PWM technique. It is observed that the CSV Pulse width modulation ensures excellent, close to optimized pulse distribution results compared to SPWM technique and also 11-level inverter beter performance in case of low THD and better foundemental output voltages comapared to 5, 7, 9-level inverter. The proposed technique has been simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. This proposed technique can be applied to N-level multilevel Inverter also.</span></p>

MATLAB SIMULATION OF D-STATCOM USING SVPWM

In this paper, A Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM) is used for improving the power factor, power quality and to control power flow control in the distribution line. It used to give reactive and active power compensation in the distribution line. The power depends on the power factor of the loads connected to the transmission line. In this paper we have used a new DSTATCOM using modified SVPWM technique. The previous DSTATCOM are basically controlled by PWM, or SPWM technique which produce high harmonics distortion but using SVPWM technique distortion reduces to maximum possible level. In our system we also have examined the losses due to DSTATCOM when connected in the distribution system. To decrease the reactive power and to minimize the undesirable load to require maintains the flow of reactive power. As a result, the power a factor of the load descant, leading to the limitation of the active power flow in the line. The D-STATCOM is a power electronics based on advanced device can be used to control power flow in the distribution line. The construction of system is able to recover the drop-in bus voltage when any loading effect arises, but due to 5th harmonic performance of DSTATCOM reduces somewhere.

Design and Performance Analysis of a Five Phase Induction Motor with SPWM Technique

Design and Performance Analysis of a Five Phase Induction Motor with SPWM Technique

Design and Implementation of Diode Clamp five-level Inverter Topology based on the modified SPWM method

The development of power electronics especially the inverter is required to be able to convert DC voltage to AC voltage. Multilevel inverters can provide an AC voltage power output, which has lower THD and better sinusoidal waveform. In this case, the voltage which is not sinusoidal and contains higher THD can shorten the durability of applied electronic devices. IEEE has a standard that has been established as a general guideline for the use of power supply standards which is not more than 5%. The modified SPWM technique is able to provide a good quality of output by shifting the phase of the carrier signal. In this paper is proposed diode clamp five-level inverter topology based on the modified SPWM, the whole system has been simulated through PSIM software and the laboratory tests have been carried out to verify the proposed method. Several waveforms are shown to validate the performance of this five-level inverter.

Design of Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter for Solar Energy Applications

The continuous rise in electricity demand leads to adoption of renewable energy sources such as sun, wind for power generation. In order to utilize the electric power obtained from renewable solar energy, inverters are required to inject the electricity into the grid. This paper presents single phase flying capacitor multi-level inverter with help of SPWM technique. The comparison of single phase three-level, five-level and seven-level flying capacitor multilevel inverters is carried out with respect to waveform pattern, output current, output voltage, active power and reactive power waveforms. The simulations are conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

Analysis for the Minimization of Leakage and Common Mode Currents in Cascaded Half-Bridge PV Fed Multilevel Inverter

This paper gives the detailed study and analysis of the terminal voltage and the common mode voltage (CMV) for the photovoltaic fed cascaded half-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter (MLI). The expression for the terminal voltage and CMV are also derived using switching function. The analytical waveforms obtained using the expression of the terminal voltage and CMV clearly indicate that the terminal voltage and CMV are not constant simultaneously. Thus, two pulsewidth modulation (PWM) schemes are proposed using redundant states concept for CHB nine-level MLI without the addition of any extra circuit element. The first PWM scheme reduces the high-frequency transitions in the terminal voltage and, thus, minimizes the leakage current. The other PWM scheme is designed to reduce the common mode current by maintaining CMV constant. Furthermore, the proposed PWM schemes are compared with the conventional PWM schemes. The effect of each PWM schemes on the terminal voltage and CMV is analyzed using the given switching function analysis. The given switching function analysis is also supported with the help of simulation and experimental results. The simulation and experimental results of the proposed PWM schemes are further compared with the conventional SPWM technique.

Energy efficiency enhancement using dynamic voltage restorer (DVR)

Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a device that can compensate harmonic, voltage sag and voltage swell condition that exists in a three-phase system. Other than that, DVR can also be used to enhance the energy efficiency or energy saving by reducing excessive amount of incoming power via the reduction incoming voltage at allowable limit. The DVR can inject the required voltage in the system so that the interruption of supply voltage can be compensated. The compensation of voltage supply interruption is improved based on the hysteresis voltage output of controller used in the DVR to detect the difference between reference voltage and disrupted voltage. The hysteresis voltage control mainly controlled by relays switching so that the signal can be sent to IGBT switches controller. The hysteresis voltage control and unipolar SPWM is supplied to control the IGBT switches by the DC supply for voltage interruption compensation. The unipolar SPWM technique converts the DC supply voltage into AC supplied voltage, thus making the DVR injection become easier to inject the AC voltage into the system to compensate voltage sag and voltage swell.