Spruce Tissues Research Articles

Polyphenol Variation in Sitka Spruce

The distribution of polyphenols in various tissues of Sitka spruce is described, with data on seasonal variation. Leaves were rich in a variety of flavonoids, but the main stem constituents were stilbenes. There was great variation both between and within provenances in most components, but evidence was obtained for differences in stilbene content attributable to provenance. Different temperature regimes caused marked differences in phenolic content, but clonal characteristics generally overrode treatment differences. High temperature favored polymeric polyphenol synthesis, while a lower temperature promoted high phenolic accumulations especially of monomeric components.

Sites of Callus Production in Primary Explants of Spruce Tissue

Sites of Callus Production in Primary Explants of Spruce Tissue

Sources of Nitrogen for Spruce Tissue Cultures

AbstractThe major heat‐labile organic ingredient of the nutrient previously developed in this laboratory for spruce cells is glutamine. This cannot be fully replaced by any single stable organic substance or group of substances tested. Its replacement by inorganic ammonium salts results in no significant reduction in growth rate in terms of wet weights but produces qualitative defects which make such sutistitutions undesirable. Of special interest is the production of reticulated xylem cells when cultures are grown in the light on NH4 supplements.

Some Basic Parameters in the Cultivation of Spruce Tissues

Some Basic Parameters in the Cultivation of Spruce Tissues

Growth Promoting Effect of Cyclitols on Spruce Tissue Cultures

Growth Promoting Effect of Cyclitols on Spruce Tissue Cultures

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR IN‐VITRO GROWTH OF SPRUCE TISSUE

Steinhart, C. E., L. C. Standifer, Jr., and F. Skoog. (U. Wisconsin, Madison.) Nutrient requirements for in‐vitro growth of spruce tissue. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(6): 465–472. Illus. 1961.—Callus derived from seedlings of Norway spruce has been cultured for 3½ yr on a medium supplemented with malt extract. The responses of the callus to auxin, kinetin, light intensity, and pH were determined. The malt extract employed was fractionated by various methods, and it was shown that the active fractions were generally ninhydrin positive. The free amino acid composition of the extract was determined. Malt extract could be replaced completely by casein hydrolysate. Arginine, glutamine, or urea, although less effective, also supported continuous growth of the callus. In contrast, NH4NO3 as a sole source of nitrogen failed to support growth. The same compounds that supported growth of the established strain of callus also stimulated initial formation of callus from seedlings. Inositol was the only vitamin that could be shown to stimulate callus growth. A synthetic medium has been developed for the cultures; it includes inorganic nutrients, naphthaleneacetic acid, kinetin, myo‐inositol, and either arginine or urea. Thiamin, choline chloride, and cystein are also added to the medium, although a requirement for the latter 2 of these 3 compounds has not been demonstrated.

Nutrient Requirements for In-vitro Growth of Spruce Tissue

Nutrient Requirements for In-vitro Growth of Spruce Tissue