Sprinkler Machines Research Articles

Листовые подкормки при возделывании козлятника восточного на орошении

To strengthen the fodder base of animal husbandry in the Lower Volga region, first of all, it is necessary to expand the range of fodder crops and varieties, to optimize their nutritional regime, to create optimal conditions for their cultivation, in other words, to ensure the production of a large amount of valuable fodder in a relatively limited area, in this regard, the improvement of cultivation technology of eastern goatgrass is relevant. The purpose of the research was to increase the efficiency of cultivation of oriental goatgrass in the Lower Volga region through the use of mineral fertilizers and growth stimulants. Experiments to study the dependence of productivity of oriental goatgrass in the form of green mass on leaf fertilization with water-soluble mineral fertilizers were conducted from 2016 to 2023 on an irrigated plot with irrigation regime of 70...85...70 % NV by sprinkler machine “Valey”. In the experiment in 2017, varieties of oriental goatgrass Krivich, Yubilyar, Kazbek were sown. The general background before sowing was applied mineral fertilizers in the form of azofosk at a dose of N24P24K24. In each cutting in the phase of active growth of plants were fertilized with potassium monophosphate with and without a sticking agent at the rate of 0.5 kg/ha for one fertilizer. On average for seven years, the largest leaf area - 43.7 thousand m2/ha and photosynthetic potential - 7.87 million m2 x dn./ha of oriental goatgrass in the experiment were in the variety Jubilar in the variant of potassium monophosphate with a sticking agent. On average for seven years, the largest leaf area - 43.7 thousand m2/ha and photosynthetic potential - 7.87 million m2 x dn/ha of oriental goatgrass in the experiment were in the variety Jubilar in the variant of potassium monophosphate with a sticking agent. Also on this variant the maximum yield of green mass - 92.7 t/ha, dry matter content - 23.2 t/ha, fodder units - 20.4 t/ha and exchangeable energy - 1.62 GJ/ha were observed.

Фотосинтетическая деятельность козлятника восточного при применении стимуляторов роста

In the feed production system of the Lower Volga region, more than 60% of forage crops are located on irrigated lands. Only these lands can be considered a guaranteed source of sustainable food supply. More than 80% of feed from their gross production is harvested from irrigated lands, therefore, studies on the dependence of the feed value of the eastern goat from leafy top dressing are certainly relevant. The aim of the research was to increase the efficiency of cultivation of the Eastern goat in the conditions of the Lower Volga region by improving the use of mineral fertilizers. Experiments to study the dependence of the productivity of goat husk in the form of green mass on treatments with growth stimulants were conducted from 2016 to 2023 on the irrigated site of the Prigorodnoye SEC of the Svetloyarsky district of the Volgograd region on light chestnut soils with irrigation regime 70...85...70 % NV sprinkler machine "Valey". The article presents research materials on the cultivation of Oriental goat on light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region. The largest area of the leaf surface of the eastern goat in the experiment, on average, over seven years of use, was established in the Jubilee variety on the variant of using the growth stimulator Mival-Agro and was equal to 49.3 thousand m2/ha. The maximum photosynthetic potential of the oriental goat was established in the Jubilee variety on the variant of using the growth stimulator Mival-Agro and was equal to 9.71 million m2 x day/ha. In the Kazbek variety, the net photosynthesis productivity (NPF) ranged from 1.79 g/m2 day in the Megamix-Pro growth stimulator variant to 1.88 g/m2 day in the control variant without the use of growth stimulants. The net photosynthesis productivity of the Krivich variety was 0.10-0.30 g/m2 day more than that of the Kazbek variety, the same, or 0.28 g/m2 day more than that of the Jubilee variety and ranged from 1.89 g/m2 day on the variant of the Megamix-Pro growth stimulator to 1.90 g/m2 a day on the option of using the growth stimulant Mival-Agro and on the option without the use of growth stimulants.

СНИЖЕНИЕ ЖЁСТКОСТИ ОРОСИТЕЛЬНОЙ ВОДЫ ОЗОНИРОВАНИЕМ

Abstract. The article presents the research on the effect of ozone treatment on the hardness of irrigation water. The effect of hard water on plant growth and development has been analyzed. It has been revealed that excessive magnesium and calcium ions in irrigation water lead to the suppression of agricultural crops and a decrease in their yield. To conduct laboratory studies, water was taken from a natural reservoir located near the village of Gvazda, Buturlinovsky District, Voronezh Region, which is used by local farmers to irrigate agricultural land. The sample was divided into two parts, one of which was subjected to ozone treatment, and the second was a control variant. Laboratory studies have established that the total water hardness in the natural reservoir was 21 dH, which corresponds to 7.5 mg eq / l. This level of hardness is excessive and will negatively affect plants. Ozonation at an average ozone concentration in the ozone-air mixture of 4.67 mg/m3 allowed to reduce the total water hardness to 14 dH, which is comparable to 5 mg eq/l. Intensive water softening occurred at ozone treatment doses of up to 840 mg min/m3. Consequently, ozonation reduces the content of polyvalent metal ions, which in high concentrations have a negative effect on plants. Modern compact, energy-efficient, high-performance ozonizers can be easily integrated into the design of sprinkler machines. Softer water will have a positive effect on the efficiency of irrigation and the reliability of irrigation systems. In addition, ozone water treatment will have a bactericidal and disinfectant effect, which will prevent the development of various diseases and pests.

The simulation and analysis of the spraying status of large sprinkler machines loaded with atomizing micro-sprinklers

Due to the typically high flow rate of nozzles on large sprinkler machines, direct use for pesticide application can lead to pesticide waste and non-point source pollution. To fulfill the multifunctional needs of large sprinkler machines for irrigation, fertilization, and pesticide application, this study installed atomizing micro-sprinklers on the machines to enable their pesticide application capabilities. Based on the spraying patterns of the atomizing micro-sprinklers, three types were selected for this study: hollow cone, solid cone, and fan-shaped micro-sprinklers. Three working pressure levels were set at 0.2 MPa, 0.3 MPa, and 0.5 MPa, with the height of the micro-sprinklers above the ground set at three levels: 0.8 m, 1.2 m, and 1.5 m. A completely randomized design was used for the experiment, which included hydraulic performance tests and software simulation. The results indicated that the spray volume of the hollow cone, solid cone, and fan-shaped atomizing micro-sprinklers approximately presented a hollow conical, solid conical, and normal distribution, respectively. The spray intensity (average and maximum values) of the atomizing micro-sprinklers increased with the increase in pressure, while the median showed an initial increase followed by a decrease as pressure increased. Under the same pressure conditions, the spray intensity of the different atomizing micro-sprinklers decreased with the increase in height above the ground, while the spray width increased with height. By comparing the spraying characteristics of micro-sprinklers with various patterns, large sprinkler machines can select atomizing micro-sprinklers in different spraying statuses according to actual conditions and determine the optimal height of the atomizing micro-sprinklers above the ground to achieve efficient and uniform pesticide application effects. This reduces the evaporation and drift loss of liquid medicine. The research findings provide a scientific basis for achieving the pesticide application function of large sprinkler machines and expanding their usage capabilities.

Применение цифровых технологий для автоматизации ирригационного оборудования при выращивании сельскохозяйственных культур

The article examines the relevance of automation of irrigation processes in modern conditions, and also displays the scientific research of many scientists in this field. The main advantages of using digital technologies in the operation of sprinkler machines and automated irrigation systems are described.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ СКОРОСТИ И ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ АЭРОЗОЛЬНОЙ СТРУИ ДОЖДЕВАТЕЛЕЙ В КРУГОВЫХ САМОХОДНЫХ ДОЖДЕВАЛЬНЫХ УСТАНОВКАХ

Circular self-propelled sprinkler systems are highly efficient equipment for watering crops by sprinkling. Considering the diameter of irrigation, uniformity and productivity of the installation largely depend on the parameters and relative location of sprinklers on the main pipeline of the sprinkler machine, the assessment of the parameters of artificial rain for compliance with the set values for irrigation conditions requires appropriate theoretical and practical studies. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to theoretically calculate and experimentally confirm the results obtained characterizing the speed and performance of the aerosol jet at the outlet of the sprinkler in the fine sprinkling system, in relation to the main pipeline of the self-propelled sprinkler. (Materials and methods) The ballistic theory of the motion of droplets in the air in the Frene-Serre coordinate system perpendicular to the irrigation plane was used to construct a mathematical model of the motion of an aerosol jet. A set of sprinklers located on the main pipeline of a wide-scope circular sprinkler machine of the T-L Irrigation company was considered as an object of research. (Results and discussion) A mathematical model has been proposed for calculating the movement of an aerosol sprinkler jet in the air, which makes it possible to bring the volume flow rate of the sprinkler to an equivalent diameter and wetting depth in the irrigation plane. It has been shown that the data obtained make it possible to predict for a given set of sprinklers the depth of irrigation per unit of irrigated surface in the plane of the figure formed by two circles determined by the circular motion of two adjacent support trolleys of the machine. (Conclusions) It was determined that in order to bring the uniformity coefficient of circular sprinklers to a normalized value, when compiling appropriate mathematical models of the irrigation process, further adaptation of the movement of a single drop in the air to the parameters of artificial rain formed by the spray jet of the sprinkler is required.

The technology of fertilizing irrigation with differentiated norms using wide-reach sprinkler machines

Fertigation shows its high efficiency, but requires careful dosing of mineral fertilizers and irrigation water. The aim is to improve the technology of irrigation with wide-coverage sprinklers when applying fertilizers with irrigation water. The article presents the technology of differentiated irrigation with the introduction of fertilizers. A method for determining irrigation standards is given, taking into account changes in soil moisture reserves, including during reverse movement. A fertilizer dispenser is presented with the calculation of the dosage of fertilizer application in accordance with the irrigation rate. When using differentiated technologies, the yield of Moskovskaya wheat increased by 45% compared to traditional technology (uniform irrigation rate).

ПРОГРАММНОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА РАССТАНОВКИ ДОЖДЕВАТЕЛЕЙ НА ВОДОПРОВОДЯЩЕМ ПОЯСЕ ДОЖДЕВАЛЬНОЙ МАШИНЫ

Purpose: to develop software for the process of arranging sprinklers on the water-conducting belt of a sprinkler to improve the irrigation quality. Materials and methods. As a theoretical basis for creating software, the traditional methods of algorithmization and programming based on the processes of algorithm design for solving the problem of calculating the optimal spacing and flow-pressure characteristics of deflector nozzles on the water-conducting belt of sprinklers, respectively, formalized in the form of a scheme, and writing the source code in the object-oriented programming language Python were used. Results. To replenish the domestic scientific and technical base for digitalization of engineering and reclamation work with information tools, software for the process of arranging sprinklers on water-conducting belt of a sprinkler for uniform distribution of artificial rain along the irrigated area has been developed. The algorithm graphical model is represented by three blocks. The “Source data input” block provides a choice of the type of sprinkler, the operating flow rate of irrigation water, as well as the material of the water conducting belt. In the “Intermediate and target values calculation” block, the irrigation water loss, head loss, distance between the end and first nozzles, as well as the total number of sprinklers are calculated. In the “Cyclic computation and output of results” block, head losses along the length and local pressure losses are determined for each section, the sum of which makes up the total head losses. Using the designed software, computations were performed using the example of a cantilever sprinkler with 4 sections of steel pipeline, a total flow rate of 6 l/s and a pressure at the end of the console of 10 m. It was determined that to ensure the uniform distribution of artificial irrigation along the irrigated area, it is necessary to install 9 sprinklers with variable spacing along the length console, and to provide a head at the beginning of the sprinkler machine of 23.8 m, taking into account the total head loss of 13.8 m. Conclusions: the software allows simulating the optimal arrangement of deflector nozzles of the same size on a water-conducting belt at the design stage of double-cantilever and multi-tower lateral sprinklers.

Enhancing Irrigation Efficiency Through the Selection of Sprinkler Machine Design

The expansion of agricultural production implies an accelerated pace of development of water supply systems in agricultural areas. Water is consumed during animal breeding, primary processing of raw materials, preparation of liquid fertilizers, for household and other needs. Large volumes of water are spent on preparing liquid fertilizers when growing crops and irrigating fields. To increase moisture reserves in the root layer of the soil and increase land fertility, it is necessary to carry out irrigation measures. Sprinkling is one of the most common methods of irrigation. Taking into account the characteristics of the terrain, the type of agricultural products grown, as well as the security of a particular farm, you should choose certain sprinkler machines that will ensure high irrigation efficiency. Sprinklers can be classified according to their principle of operation, type and type, as well as according to the transformation of water flow. (Research purpose) Improving irrigation efficiency by selecting the optimal parameters of sprinklers based on local conditions. (Materials and methods) The object of the study was sprinkling machines, their performance and technical characteristics, as well as the features of the relief. The following research methods were used: analysis of literary sources; logical analysis of existing experimental data on irrigation processes; evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of specific machines and equipment; statistical data processing. (Results and discussion) The paper describes the design and operation of various sprinklers, provides irrigation schemes and calculations of its intensity. Shortcomings of specific irrigation schemes and types of sprinklers were identified, and ways to eliminate them were proposed. (Conclusions) The choice of irrigation scheme depends on the area of the site and its topography. Depending on the budget of the farm, you can choose the most optimal type of sprinkler.

Theoretical aspects of production of sprinkler nozzles with a rotating deflector

In the materials of the article, the theoretical question of creating sprinkler nozzles with a rotating deflector cone is considered. Mathematical dependences describing the design and technological parameters of the sprinkler nozzle are presented. The process of raindrops falling created by a rotating deflector cone is considered. The results of laboratory studies are presented, during which it was proved that the irrigation radius increased by an average of 25.2% with a rain nozzle having a rotating deflector cone compared with a smooth non-rotating deflector cone. This will allow the sprinkler nozzles to be installed on the sprinkler machine pipeline at a greater distance from each other, which will reduce the cost of the sprinkler machine.

Intelligent control System wide-reach Sprinklers circular action

The relevance of the introduction of intelligent control systems for agricultural machinery in the modern world is increasing every year due to the development of more and more global projects in the field of automation and robotics. The purpose of the research was to develop algorithmic software for an intelligent control system for wide-reach sprinkler machines for autonomous operation in the implementation of environmentally safe, high-quality irrigation. The article considers the possibility of matching the irrigation norm issued by the machine to the level of moisture reserves of the field for circular-acting machines, reducing the environmental load on the soil and preserving fertility. The use of an intelligent control system with the proposed algorithm of operation will improve the quality and environmental safety of irrigation, as well as ensure resource savings, in particular irrigation water savings.

Studies of water flow parameters in the pipeline of wide-reach sprinklers

Optimization of the pipeline design of wide-span sprinklers and the parameters of the water flow in it can significantly reduce the material consumption and cost of the entire machine, save water and electricity. The purpose of the research is to simulate the flow of water in the pipeline of wide-reach sprinklers, to develop a methodology for optimizing the design parameters of the pipeline and the placement of drainage pipes for sprinklers. As a result of the research, dependences of flow rate changes along the pipeline were obtained, taking into account discreteness, pressure loss. The condition for obtaining identical jets from all taps for sprinklers is presented. A comparison of the results of theoretical and experimental studies confirms the reliability and validity of the use of the theory with uniform disconnection of the flow rate for the calculations of the pipeline of sprinklers, taking into account the introduced discreteness parameter, taking into account the number and location of taps for sprinklers. The presented technique was used in the design of sprinkler machines "Kuban-LK1M" (CASCADE) and CASCADE (Saratov, LLC "Reclamation machines").

Дистанционное управление и мониторинг дождевальной машины «Каскад 65Т»

The system of remote control and monitoring of the sprinkler machine “Cascade 65T” is presented. The purpose of the research was to justify the expediency of equipping the sprinkler machine “Cascade 65T” with the equipment implementing the function of remote control and monitoring. The research was carried out on the fields of UNPO “Povolzhye” of Vavilov University and UNPK Agro Center of Vavilov University. Due to the functions of remote control and monitoring the sprinkler machine “Cascade 65T” meets the requirements of precision agriculture. Operational data on the irrigation progress and signals are transmitted via the Internet, allowing remote control of the machine operation. GPS receiver, located on the last cart, allows you to set the current position of the sprinkler on the irrigated area. Information about the irrigation process goes to the central fail-safe server of the system, where it is processed and entered into the database, which can be integrated into the accounting system of the enterprise. It has been established that the introduction of sprinkler machines “Cascade 65T” and the universal control and monitoring system on the agricultural enterprise will bring to unified management of sprinkler machines and pumping stations. This in turn will ensure the coordinated operation of sprinkler machines and optimal distribution of loads on the pumping stations.

Параметры закрытой оросительной сети и конструкция узла подключения дождевальной машины «Каскад 65Т»

The article considers the justification of the parameters of the closed irrigation network and the design features of the connection unit of the Cascade 65T sprinkler machine. The pipeline of the closed irrigation network of the sprinkler machine must ensure the transportation of the required volume of water with minimal pressure losses. The supply pipeline of the closed irrigation network must have the following minimum parameters: for machines up to 506 m long and with a fl ow rate from 33 to 64.4 l/s, the supply pipeline of the closed irrigation network must be made of a pipe of at least Ø225 × 8.6 mm PE100 SDR26 PN6. For machines up to 315 m long and with a flow rate of up to 33 l/s, the supply pipeline of a closed irrigation network can be made of a pipe of at least Ø180 × 6.9 mm PE100 SDR26 PN6. To connect the sprinkler machine to the hydrant of a closed irrigation network, a controlled electric valve Du200, a coarse water filter and a pressure regulator are required. The filter capacity should be at least 250 m3/h, and the diameter of the holes of the filter mesh should be less than or equal to 3.0 mm. The pressure regulator must provide pressure adjustment in the range from 0.21 to 0.45 MPa. It is installed after the filter, before entering the machine. It is recommended to use specialized filters for cleaning irrigation water P65-3-10- Du200, P76-3-10- Dy200. Filter P65-3-10-The DU200 has height adjustment and is included in the delivery package of the Cascade 65T sprinkler machine. It is recommended to use Nelson 800 Series 6` or 8` gearboxes as control valves.

Организация участка орошения для эффективной эксплуатации дождевальной машины «Каскад 65Т»

Agriculture in the arid climate of Saratov Zavolzhye is not able to provide high yields of crops without the use of special tools to increase moisture reserves in the rootontaining layer of soil. In this regard, the development of melioration in Saratov region is a strategically important task. Sprinkling is the main way to increase the moisture supply in the soil. The modern domestic sprinkling machine «Caskade 65T» is the most suitable for the realization of this method. For safe and effective operation of «Caskade 65T»SM the following conditions should be observed: no objects on the field interfering with the passage of self-propelled carts and the machine as a whole; permissible longitudinal slope of the area up to 4…12% (depending on design and length of the sprinkler machine spans); permissible slopes in the course of machine movement up to 5…12%; difference in slopes between two adjacent spans up to 6…14%, while the total slope of the field along the sprinkler machine must not exceed 7%. It is recommended to set the direction of machine movement in such a way that its ascent to an elevation occurs along the gentlest slope.

Justification of technological solutions for irrigation with electrified circular sprinkler machines

Improving the quality of irrigation can be achieved by changing the irrigation rate in accordance with the level of moisture reserves of the field areas at the time of watering, eliminating over-watering and water erosion of soils. The purpose of the presented research was to improve the technological process of irrigation with wide-reach circular sprinkler machines, which ensures the reduction of unproductive water losses, improving the quality of irrigation. The article discusses theoretical studies of irrigation technology with circular sprinkler machines, optimized irrigation modes. Based on the conducted experimental studies, a comparative assessment of the work of sprinklers according to the standard and proposed technology, taking into account the adjustment of irrigation norms, is presented. Comparison of standard and proposed irrigation technologies with sprinkler machines showed that irrigation using the proposed technology allows saving irrigation water up to 10%.

Technological solutions are environmentally friendly safe watering with wide-ranging sprinkler machines

Erosion processes in the Russian Federation remain one of the main sources of loss of soil and crop fertility resources, deterioration of land conditions. The implementation of an environmentally safe irrigation process with wide-coverage sprinklers is an urgent problem and requires improvement of technology, technological techniques for soils with low water permeability. The aim of the study was to optimize the operating mode and technological methods of irrigation with wide-reach sprinklers, adaptation to conditions changing during the irrigation period, exclusion of over-watering and water erosion of soils. The article discusses the schemes of differentiated distribution of irrigation norms and the movement of wide-reach sprinkler machines of circular and frontal action, ensuring compliance of the irrigation norm with the level of moisture reserves of field areas at the time of their watering, reducing the environmental burden on the soil and preserving fertility.

Особенности конструкции элементов привода электрических дождевальных машин кругового действия

Land irrigation is one of the important factors in obtaining stable and high crop yields. In Russia, up to 80% of arable land is located in zones of insufficient and unstable soil moisture. Sprinkler machines are used to irrigate the soil. Manufacturers of sprinkler equipment offer a wide range of machines to work on closed irrigation networks. Angular transmission (AT) is most commonly used as the wheel gear of sprinkler machines. An important component of the wheel gearbox is the worm gear. When analyzing the existing designs of arch sprinkler carts, it was concluded that it is necessary to optimize some of its elements. Such an element, in our opinion, is the elastic element of the coupling, made of polymeric material. The force elements of the elastic insert work mainly in bending. The most dangerous part of this element is the base of the “tooth”. In most cases, this element provides the necessary performance of the sprinkler drive, but at the peak values of torque (movement of wheeled cart on a difficult section) its deformation due to insufficient strength is possible. Therefore, the purpose of our work is to improve the strength characteristics of the drive elements of the arch-type sprinkler cart by optimizing their design parameters. To calculate the loads on the gearbox, classical methods of calculation of worm gears were used, taking into account the coefficients that depend on the environment. The finite element method with the use of the software environment Compass 3D was used to manufacture the prototype on a 3D printer.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ РАЗРАБОТКИ ШИРОКОЗАХВАТНОЙ ДОЖДЕВАЛЬНОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

In most regions of the Russian Federation, agricultural production is conducted in conditions with a lack of precipitation and a stable level of agricultural production, high yields can be achieved only through additional irrigation. Sprinklers developed in the "Soviet era" and still widely used in the fields today no longer meet modern requirements and often do not provide high-quality irrigation of crops. A new concept is needed in the design of sprinkler equipment, new methods and approaches, clarification of the required parameters. It is important not only to modernize and restore working sprinklers, but also to develop and produce new reliable, high-quality models. The purpose of the presented work was to form a new design concept for wide-coverage sprinkler equipment in accordance with operating conditions, taking into account the principles of resource conservation and criteria for assessing the technical level. One of the promising and practical directions in the design of sprinklers is the principle of resource conservation. In the article the directions of improvement of constructive and technical parameters are considered and the concept of development of sprinklers depending on operating conditions is formed. The connection of constructive solutions for individual nodes and aggregates with resource-saving capabilities and limiting factors arising from them is presented. Specific requirements for the sprinkler machine, its parameters and modes of operation have been formed. The presented concept formed the basis of the principles of the development of a series of sprinkler machines "Kuban-LK1M" (CASCADE) and "CASCADE".

Experimental and theoretical studies of the system "irrigation norm–soil–sprinkler ma-chine"

Issues related to land reclamation are relevant due to the commissioning of new irrigated areas. The competitiveness of Russian irrigation irrigation technology can be ensured only with a significant increase in the reliability and environmentally safe irrigation process. The goal is to increase the environmental safety of irrigation with wide-coverage sprinkler equipment by improving the design and technological parameters based on studies of the "irrigation norm-soil-sprinkler machine" system. In the article, a methodology is given for clarifying and improving the environmental safety of the irrigation norm, the design parameters of the water supply pipeline and the types of running systems are optimized depending on the bearing capacity of the soil and the flow rate.