Spring Framework Research Articles

Examination of the performance and scalability of a web application in a reactive and imperative approach using the Spring Framework

The purpose of this paper was to test the performance and scalability of a web application written in reactive and imperative approaches using the Spring Framework, in order to understand the differences between these approaches and choose the technology that best meets the requirements and provides optimal performance. Two test applications were compared in terms of query processing times and CPU/RAM usage. The effect of Api Gateway microservices on application performance was analyzed. The tests showed that the reactive application processed I/O operations faster, used less RAM but more CPU. The imperative approach was faster for transactional operations performed sequentially. The reactive variant reacted with less latency to the presence of Api Gateway than the imperative approach.

Design of software system architecture for reading and publishing amateur literary works

The article discusses the functionality and key requirements for a web application for reading and publishing amateur literary works. Against the backdrop of current changes in the book industry caused by the development of technology and the emergence of self-publishing, the need to create platforms that provide authors with the opportunity to publish content independently is emphasized. One of the main problems that authors face when publishing is the loss of the original formatting of their works when transferring them to text editors on web platforms. This paper proposes a solution to this problem by developing a web application with the function of importing the content of text files while preserving their original formatting. The article also contains a comparative analysis of popular web-based platforms for publishing works, such as Archive of Our Own, Wattpad, and Arkush, which helped to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. In particular, the difficulties associated with storing and processing unstructured data, such as images and text files, were investigated. To solve the problem of storing such data, a comparative analysis of three approaches was conducted: storing data in relational databases, local file systems, and cloud storage. Taking into account the results of this analysis, the web application under development was chosen to integrate with the Amazon Web Services cloud provider and use Amazon S3 cloud storage, which provides scalability, reliability, and convenience in managing large amounts of unstructured data. It was also decided to use the Amazon CloudFront CDN service to improve the speed of data access and increase overall system performance. In addition, the article describes the choice of a technology stack for implementing the web application, which includes Java, Spring Framework, MySQL, ORM Hibernate for the server side and HTML, CSS, React.js for the client side. The article highlights important aspects of designing a web application architecture aimed at scalability and resilience to large amounts of data and an increase in the number of active users, and provides a basis for further system improvement.

Relevance and Resilience: Exploring the Continued Importance of Spring Boot in Modern Application Development

Spring Boot has emerged as a vital technology in modern software development, offering a robust framework for building resilient and scalable applications. This paper inves- tigates the ongoing relevance of Spring Boot in the field of software development. Starting by looking at its beginnings, evolution of Spring Boot from Spring, its features, ecosystem, and adoption trends, we highlight the enduring significance of Spring Boot in enabling developers to streamline development pro- cesses, enhance productivity, and achieve architectural resilience. By simplifying dependency management through starter POMs and reducing boilerplate configuration with auto-configuration, Spring Boot has significantly enhanced the usability of the Spring framework. By delving into some analytics, the paper explains how Spring Boot continues to empower developers to meet the challenges posed by modern application development, including microservices architectures, cloud-native deployments, and DevOps practices. Index Terms—Spring Boot, Spring , Microservice,Spring MVC ,Spring Security , Java

Mongolian Education Resource Platform Based on Springmvc+Hibernate+Spring Integration Framework

With the popularization of educational informatization and the advancement of computer technology and multimedia playback, the process of educational networking has reached new heights nationwide. The education networking in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is currently in a rapid development stage. In order to provide Mongolian-speaking students with the benefits of educational networking, it is imperative to design and implement a Mongolian language educational resource platform. The designed Mongolian Language Educational Resource Platform in this paper adopts a B/S architecture and utilizes the SpringMVC, Hibernate, and Spring frameworks for overall development. Firstly, the relevant technical knowledge used is introduced, including the B/S architecture, the main frameworks used, and CSS technology, among others. Then, the requirements specification and detailed design plan of the platform are elaborated, including the database design. Finally, the implementation process of the core functionalities of this Mongolian language educational resource platform is described, and unit testing methods are employed to test these core modules. The system in this paper achieves the basic functionalities of the Mongolian language educational resource platform, and the entire platform's functionalities have met the expected goals.

A BPSO based collaborative management platform for multi-source data security in power grids

By designing a digital power grid multi-source data security collaborative management platform, the system configuration problem of the OMS system and the power grid management platform for the main distribution network of the power grid is solved. A design method for the digital power grid multi-source data security collaborative management platform based on discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. Based on the design concept of SOA, realize the overall design framework of the platform according to the design method of multi-layer technical system in the business presentation layer, business process and composition layer, service layer, component layer and resource layer, realize the basic layer design of the system management platform through the basic application platform design scheme of XML configuration, implement the query, processing and output representation of the grid’s multivariate data using B/S architecture protocol, and use the Spring Framework The platform software architecture is implemented using J2EE technology and multi module component design scheme. The discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for the fusion and scheduling of multi-source data in the digital power grid. The interface design and functional construction of the power grid management platform are implemented in the OMS system of the power grid main distribution network, and the logical model of the transformation project is constructed to achieve platform optimization and construction. Tests have shown that the designed digital power grid multi-source data security collaborative management platform has good human-machine interaction, strong data fusion scheduling ability, reduced resource and subsystem coupling, and supports the flexibility of physical deployment and maintenance.

Usability of a Mobile Application on Anemia Prevention among Adolescents

The availability and usability of a smartphone application in Indonesia for preventing anemia, particularly for adolescents, are understudied due to the large number of health applications available for hematologic diseases. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of a mobile application development process to prevent anemia among adolescents and test its usability to the end user. The study analyzed the usability of a hybrid application called "AneMia-Prev" at a junior high school in Serang, Banten, Indonesia. The application was developed through conducting a content review, creating a prototype, and undergoing expert development. The usability was assessed by 15 adolescents using a Think Aloud and Smartphone Usability questionnaire. Meanwhile, data analysis was conducted using Jaspers' iterative 3-cycle model. The AneMia_Prev (TA) application was developed using server-client architecture, MySQL database, Apache Tomcat, and Spring Framework. A usability test was conducted on 15 female end users, with a mean age of 16.8 years and 60.0% of them in grade 8. The application received an overall usability average of 112.5 points, indicating good usability. The study demonstrates the high usability of the prototype, indicating its effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction, suggesting that future research could use TA methods with larger sample sizes

Piezofluorochromism in Hierarchical Porous π‐stacked Supermolecular Spring Frameworks from Aromatic Chiral Cages

AbstractPiezochromic materials that exhibit pressure‐dependent luminescence variations are attracting interest with wide potential applications in mechanical sensors, anticounterfeiting and storage devices. Crystalline porous materials (CPMs) have been widely studied in piezochromism for highly tunable luminescence. Nevertheless, reversible and high‐contrast emission response with a wide pressure range is still challenging. Herein, the first example of hierarchical porous cage‐based πOF (Cage‐πOF‐1) with spring structure was synthesized by using aromatic chiral cages as building blocks. Its elastic properties evaluated based on the bulk modulus (9.5 GPa) is softer than most reported CPMs and the collapse point (20.0 GPa) significantly exceeds ever reported CPMs. As smart materials, Cage‐πOF‐1 displays linear pressure‐dependent emission and achieves a high‐contrast emission difference up to 154 nm. Pressure‐responsive limit is up to 16 GPa, outperforming the CPMs reported so far. Dedicated experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations illustrate that π–π interactions‐dominated controllable structural shrinkage and porous‐spring‐structure‐mediated elasticity is responsible for the outstanding piezofluorochromism.

On the Automated Unit Tests Generation for Java Applications using Spring Framework

This paper considers the automated unit tests generation for programs written in Java using the Spring framework. Although several test generation tools for “pure” Java applications have been developed in recent decades, the features of this framework are mostly not taken into account. However, Spring is used to develop many industrial Java applications. At the same time, the presence of Spring components in the application for which the tests are generated imposes additional requirements not only on the code analysis approaches, but also on the structure of the generated tests. The main source of the information about object types and their properties is the Spring application context. The paper proposes an instrument for analyzing the application context, that in some cases allows generating test scenarios corresponding to real program executions and avoiding excessive mocking. The full initialization of the application context does not occur during this analysis. It makes the test generation safe for user data. The proposed instrument for analyzing the Spring context has been integrated into the UnitTestBot Java automatic test generation tool. We also provide examples of tests generated for real open-source projects.

Forecasting of soil moisture using machine learning in smart agriculture systems

Growing crops in modern conditions is a complex task and practically combines the practices of experience and the latest methods, including information technology, which has become part of the concept of "smart farming". An important factor in the stable predicted yield is the level of soil moisture, which is the result of changes in climatic factors such as air temperature, soil temperature, intensity of solar radiation, rainfall, wind speed, etc. A methodology for processing real historical indicators of climate change in a certain geographical area with subsequent training and application of machine learning models to predict soil moisture is proposed. To build a machine learning model, the following algorithms were selected and studied: the algorithm of regression trees, random forest, linear regression, M5P algorithms and the K* algorithm. The data source for training the models is the open information resource International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) from ismn.earth/en. , which provides data on soil moisture and temperature, air temperature, and rainfall. Other data was used from the Open Meteo information service, which provides a free API and allows you to get historical data and weather forecast in specified coordinates during specified days. A data structure was developed to train the model for further prediction of soil moisture. An architecture has been developed and a software system for predicting soil moisture based on machine learning algorithms has been created using the Spring Framework, the WEKA library and Java FX with the ability to select and study the appropriate algorithms. Experiments have been carried out and the results of the duration of model training have been presented, while the algorithms of regression trees and linear regression require the least training time. A comparison of algorithms is made according to the following criteria: learning speed, cross-testing speed, prediction speed, testing performance indicators for real historical data. Based on the results of the study, conclusions are drawn about individual algorithms, the feasibility of using them to predict soil moisture based on climatic indicators. The obtained results will make it possible to evaluate and select the best models of machine learning in the design of the information and analytical system "smart agriculture" for forecasting soil moisture.

Query Service for New ATLAS EventIndex System

The ATLAS EventIndex system consists of the catalogue of all events collected, processed or generated by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN LHC accelerator, and all associated software tools. The new system, developed for LHC Run 3, makes use of Apache HBase—the Hadoop database—and Apache Phoenix—an SQL/relational database layer for HBase—to store and access all the event metadata. The Query Service allows searches for and retrieval of information of interest. Its design is based on a server-client architecture with the sides communicating via a RESTful API. The OpenAPI Specification is used to describe the API and generate parts of the source code of the server and client. Based on selection criteria received from the client, the server executes SQL queries against the Phoenix tables, retrieves the data, and returns it to the client. The client—a command line utility following the UNIX/POSIXconforming program design style—can output results in various formats including plain text and JSON. The server and the client are developed in Java 8, with the use of the Jersey 2 JAX-RS API implementation and the Spring Framework. The service performance is suitable for interactive use with queries for up to 1000 events at a time.

Development of a software tool for remote control of knowledge

The purpose of this study was to develop and implement an information system for evaluating and testing students' knowledge in order to simplify the process of creating tests and evaluating the educational achievements of teachers. In the course of the work, a review of existing computer training programs, an analysis of the market of modern analogues was carried out, and on the basis of the obtained data, functional and non-functional requirements for the developed software product were formulated. Based on the requirements, technical and software tools were chosen for the development of the program, namely the JavaScript programming language and the ReactJS framework for the development of the client part of the web application, which allows for quick and convenient development of interactive user interfaces and guarantees the stable operation of the system. The server part of the application is implemented using the powerful and flexible Spring framework, which allows you to create scalable and high-performance web applications.
 To achieve the goal, the following tasks are solved in the work: registering a new user, editing user data, logging in and out of the system, viewing/creating/editing/deleting a study group, viewing students of a selected group, viewing/creating/editing/deleting/ publishing a test, viewing/creating/editing an exercise in a separate test, receiving all exercises in a selected test, assigning a test to a selected group, the ability to view/take tests assigned to the user (his group), the ability to check exercises and assign a grade (some exercises may be evaluated by the system automatically if the teacher gave the correct answer for comparison), the ability to view the result for the passed test. A MySQL database was designed and built according to the described data model that corresponds to the third degree of normalization. The structural and functional scheme of the system has been developed. There are three user roles: administrator, teacher, student. Great importance was attached to ensuring the simplicity and ease of use of the user's product, as this plays a key role in the use of the software. In the process of developing the program, great attention was paid to creating an intuitive and comfortable interface.
 As a result, an information system for automated testing was created, which successfully fulfills the assigned tasks and meets all the specified requirements, and is also fully ready for practical implementation. The obtained results can be used both to integrate the program into the educational process and to provide students with the opportunity to acquire practical skills

KiData: simple data visualization tool for future data scientists

Data and visualizations are powerful tools that provide insights, analysis, and conclusions in a logical and easy-to-understand manner. However, the current school curriculum lacks adequate preparation for students to understand, analyze, interpret, or create complex data visualizations, which can hinder their potential careers in data science. To address this gap, our project aimed to develop a user-friendly web-based tool that provides interactive lessons on data and visualizations for elementary school children. The website consists of 12 lessons, categorized by grade levels (1st–2nd grade, 3rd–4th grade, and 5th–6th grade), and includes an interactive question-answer section. Users can scroll down after reading the lessons and practice questions based on the visualizations. The website also has the potential to incorporate games related to data and visualization. The lessons are implemented using React.js and Java with the Spring framework, and new lessons can easily be added by storing them in a markdown folder. The website features a navigation bar with tabs for Home, Lessons, Games, About, and Contact. Additionally, a feedback form is included to gather user feedback for further improvements. The website is currently in the testing stage, and future surveys for teachers and elementary school students will be added to enhance the features provided. Our study presents preliminary findings and serves as a foundational exploration. We acknowledge that further research and experimentation are required to validate and expand upon the results discussed herein.

Haptic Exploration of Unknown Objects for Robust In-Hand Manipulation.

Human-like robot hands provide the flexibility to manipulate a variety of objects that are found in unstructured environments. Knowledge of object properties and motion trajectory is required, but often not available in real-world manipulation tasks. Although it is possible to grasp and manipulate unknown objects, an uninformed grasp leads to inferior stability, accuracy, and repeatability of the manipulation. Therefore, a central challenge of in-hand manipulation in unstructured environments is to acquire this information safely and efficiently. We propose an in-hand manipulation framework that does not assume any prior information about the object and the motion, but instead extracts the object properties through a novel haptic exploration procedure and learns the motion from demonstration using dynamical movement primitives. We evaluate our approach by unknown object manipulation experiments using a human-like robot hand. The results show that haptic exploration improves the manipulation robustness and accuracy significantly, compared to the virtual spring framework baseline method that is widely used for grasping unknown objects.

FCP2Vec: Deep Learning-Based Approach to Software Change Prediction by Learning Co-Changing Patterns from Changelogs

As software systems evolve, they become more complex and larger, creating challenges in predicting change propagation while maintaining system stability and functionality. Existing studies have explored extracting co-change patterns from changelog data using data-driven methods such as dependency networks; however, these approaches suffer from scalability issues and limited focus on high-level abstraction (package level). This article addresses these research gaps by proposing a file-level change propagation to vector (FCP2Vec) approach. FCP2Vec is a recommendation system designed to aid developers by suggesting files that may undergo change propagation subsequently, based on the file being presently worked on. We carried out a case study utilizing three publicly available datasets: Vuze, Spring Framework, and Elasticsearch. These datasets, which consist of open-source Java-based software development changelogs, were extracted from version control systems. Our technique learns the historical development sequence of transactional software changelog data using a skip-gram method with negative sampling and unsupervised nearest neighbors. We validate our approach by analyzing historical data from the software development changelog for more than ten years. Using multiple metrics, such as the normalized discounted cumulative gain at K (NDCG@K) and the hit ratio at K (HR@K), we achieved an average HR@K of 0.34 at the file level and an average HR@K of 0.49 at the package level across the three datasets. These results confirm the effectiveness of the FCP2Vec method in predicting the next change propagation from historical changelog data, addressing the identified research gap, and show a 21% better accuracy than in the previous study at the package level.

Using Spring Framework to develop web applications

Spring Framework is a popular platform for creating web applications. It consists of a container, an element management platform, and a set of integrated services for web user interfaces, transactions, and state retention. Spring has a modular structure. This allows you to use only those modules that are needed for a specific application and write clean and accessible code. The purpose of the work is to find and develop the most acceptable conditions for creating a forum of programmers. Users will be able to view profiles of other users, top-ics, answer questions or create their own. The web application was created using the Java programming language in the In-telliJ IDEA 2022 development environment. The Spring Boot framework technology stack was used; Spring Data JPA; jQuery library; Bootstrap framework; database Post-greSQL 12 and pgAdmin4. The project uses the MVC (model-view-controller) design pattern. According to the architectural feature of such a template, the system can be divided into three inter-connected parts, the first is a data model, the second is a view representing the user in-terface, and the third is a control module. To create a software product, a relational database was developed, which con-nects all subjects with connections. The software application consists of several web pages, the feature each of them is the implementation of certain functionality and restrictions on access rights.

APPLIED SOFTWARE FOR PERSONAL INFORMATION STORAGE

In today's world, the personal information of any person can be conventionally divided into two large categories: general and special. As you can understand from the name, the first category is responsible for the type of data that can be found in public access, namely: surname, first name, patronymic, signature, place and date of birth, citizenship, marital status, education, bank details, etc. Such a variety of personal data requires different methods and automated means of storage. Today, private and state institutions increasingly refuse to store information in paper form. This is explained by the low level of security of such storage facilities, which can be affected by fire, water, pests, etc. Information that exists in paper form is very easy to lose, for example, misplaced or lost during movement. It is shown that digital storage of information makes it possible to get rid of such problems. Personal data that is stored electronically can often be recovered even if the device from which it was accessed is lost. One of the main types of personal information in modern society is login data: login and password. That is why the algorithmic and software of the automated system for saving the user's personal data was developed. This system should enable the user to generate passwords resistant to standard hacking methods and store them in the database. The development of the automated system took place using the MVC architectural template, which is one of the options for implementing a multi-level architectural model. For detailed design and coding, an object-oriented Java programming language with static strict typing was chosen. It was also decided to develop an automated system in the form of a web application using the Spring framework. During the development process, a local database was designed, which will store personal data in the form of logins and passwords entered by the user or generated by the system itself. An algorithm for generating hack-resistant passwords has been developed. Hash algorithms are also used as an additional protection of the main password of the web application. A graphical interface has been created that allows the user to access the main functions of the automated system.

Analysis and Comparison of the Spring Framework, Struts Framework, Vaadin Framework, and Play Framework Performance, Used to Create Web Applications in Java

In an era of continual technical growth, accompanied by an increase in the speed of computers and the Internet, it is also vital to create methodologies and programming languages, as well as other mechanisms that assist programmers in their job. As a result, frameworks, or skeleton applications, were developed to streamline program authoring and unify the structure of multiple applications. This article aims to analyze and evaluate the performance of four prominent frameworks used to create a server element of a Java online application, namely the Spring Framework, Struts Framework, Vaadin Framework, and Play Framework

Проектування та створення інформаційної системи аналітичної обробки даних

An information system has been developed that makes it possible to determine the relationship between socio-economic factors of the country's development by means of multiple correlation analysis. Effective analysis of indicators can greatly help managers to make the right decisions that will positively affect the development of the country. The software product is implemented as a website. The following technologies and frameworks were used in the development process: Java, Java EE, Spring framework, Spring data, Spring security, MySQL, Maven, Git, jUnit, Mockito, Liquibase, Tomcat, JSP.

Особливості розробки підсистеми обрання наукового керівника

A review of works devoted to the University automation problems or Gale-Shapley algorithm using is carried out. The paper analyzes the organizational, information and communication components of the scientific director electing process. The drawbacks of the students distribution existing algorithms are highlighted, namely: a student is left without a scientific director; distribution blocking due to a teacher or student fault; teachers' quotas dynamic change during distribution. The following subsystem users groups (roles) are distinguished: student, graduate student, departments teachers, department head, laboratory assistant, dean, deputy dean, dean's office methodologist, rector, specialist of the general department. A modified scientific director election process (algorithm) is proposed. A mathematical model for these processes is described. An algorithm that allows automatically set priorities in questionnaires that are not completed by students / teachers has been developed. The Gale-Shapley algorithm is used for automatic pairing < scientific director; student>. In this case, the following conditions are met for the obtained set of pairs: each student must be assigned a scientific director; for scientific director, selected students number should be according to the workload. To test the approach proposed in the work, a corresponding subsystem consisting of a relational database and a web application was implemented. When creating a web application, the following were used: Spring Framework, Vaadin, Hibernate, RabbitMQ message broker, PostgreSQL DBMS, REST.

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ РЕЖИМІВ РОБОТИ ВІТРОВИХ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ УСТАНОВОК У ГІБРИДНИХ СИСТЕМАХ ЕЛЕКТРОПОСТАЧАННЯ

The article presents modern schemes for the organization of wind-solar power supply systems. Available approaches to managing the energy-dynamic process of operation of wind power plants as part of hybrid power supply systems are given, and modern research on this topic is given. The results of the development of a mathematical model of the energy-dynamic processes of the hybrid wind-solar power supply system, which includes wind power plants, solar panels, and a battery energy storage system. The universal structural diagram of such a system is substantiated. A set of production rules for the implementation of management of the hybrid power supply system and a simulation model of energy-dynamic processes for possible modes of operation of the system have been developed. The simulation model was developed in the IntelliJ IDEA programming environment using the Java programming language, the Spring framework, and the PostgresDB relational database. A simulated simulation of the system's operation was carried out in order to determine the optimal operating modes depending on the restrictions on the number of switchings of each wind power plant, the structure of the system and the parameters of its elements. The input data for the study of operating modes are the wind energy potential, the solar energy potential at a given geographical point, the number and technical parameters of wind electric installations and solar panels, as well as the energy parameters of the storage element. In order to reduce the number of switching (switching on/exclusion) of wind electrical installations in the hybrid power supply system, the parameter "Minimum interval between consecutive changes in the active composition of the wind farm" was introduced. The result of simulation modelling is the establishment of the following dependencies: customer support time from the deficiency of power supply probability (DPSP); the minimum interval between determinations of the active set of the wind power plant based on the number of switchings; the minimum interval between determinations of the active composition of wind turbines from the average deviation of the generation capacity. The obtained results will make it possible to optimize the parameters and modes of operation of hybrid wind-solar systems, as well as algorithms for managing energy-dynamic modes in the design and operation of systems.