Spring Barley Varieties Research Articles

Development of Soil-Borne Infections in Spring Wheat and Barley as Influenced by Hydrothermal Stress in the Forest-Steppe Conditions of Western Siberia and the Urals

This is a first-time assessment of the direct and indirect effects of hydrothermal conditions on pathogenesis of root infections in cultivated varieties of spring wheat and barley. Long-term field research (2000–2015) was carried out in the area of risk farming combined with laboratory experiments. The effects of the phytosanitary condition of soil, seeds, and underground plant organs were taken into account. It was found that soil pathogenic population and the development of soil-borne infections largely depend on hydrothermal factors. The development of root rot of spring wheat was stimulated by arid conditions during tillering and heading: the disease rate was increased by 33.5% compared to the optimal moisture supply against a background of a high plant pathogen population of the soil. In drought conditions, the number of saprotrophic microorganisms decreased 3.3 times and suppressive soil activity fell 3.0 times provoking root infections. Microorganisms consuming inorganic forms of nitrogen and cellulolytic agents were found to be highly sensitive to hydrothermal factors. Arid conditions increased the plants’ susceptibility to the inoculum of soil origin, since the increase in the number of conidia in the inoculum from 5–15 to 150–180 per 1 g of soil increased the frequency of infections by root rots by 7.8 times, especially on the epicotyl and the base of the stem. Damage of root rot was increased by pest flies Oscinella frit L., O. pusilla Mg., Phorbia genitalis Schnb., and Mayetiola destructor Say. Their activity increased in warm, arid conditions. Drought-resistant gramineous weeds Panicum miliaceum ssp. ruderales L. (Kitag.) Tzvei., Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv., Avena fatua L., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. competed with the crop and consequently increased the development of root rot by 20% or more in dry years. Seeds of gramineous weeds, multiplied after dry years, contributed to reproduction and survival of many soil-borne phytopathogens. Grain ripening in moistened conditions led to transmission of the root rot agents Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc. Shoem. (syn. Helminthosporium sativum Pam., King et Bakke) and Fusarium fungi via seeds. This led to proliferation of root rot in the germination phase and significantly (53%) affected the cereals’ germ.

The effect of sowing date and nitrogen rate on the grain yield, grain quality and malt analyses of spring malting barley for distilling in Ireland

AbstractThe significant expansion of whiskey distillation in Ireland has increased requirements on the Irish malting barley industry to supply spring barley with low grain nitrogen concentration (GNC). Published literature suggests that genetics, soil type and environmental conditions are the predominant drivers controlling production of malting barley with low GNC values. However, it is acknowledged that agronomic practices such as sowing date and nitrogen (N) application are also important factors in determining the grain yield (GY) and grain quality (GQ) of malting barley. The effects of four N fertilizer rates (90, 110, 130 and 150 kg N/ha) and two sowing dates (March and April) on GY and GQ of a two-row spring barley variety (Hordeum vulgare L. cvar Overture) was evaluated at two different sites over a 3-year period (2014–2016). Earlier sowing dates resulted in significantly higher mean GY (7.98 t/ha) compared with later sowing dates (7 t/ha). GY and GNC also increased consistently with greater increments of fertilizer N. Earlier sowing dates also significantly improved several distilling malt quality parameters, such as soluble extract (SE), fermentable extract, predicted spirit yield and fermentability. Later sowing dates increased diastatic power and soluble N. The results of the current study suggest that the likelihood of producing spring malting barley with low GNC values and better malting quality is enhanced through earlier sowing dates on suitable soil types. Earlier sowing dates also facilitated the use of higher fertilizer N rates, enabling high GY potential without crossing the GNC threshold for the distilling market.

Features of Cadmium absorption by plants of spring barley

The paper present result of research on the intensity of the absorption of cadmium from the soil by plants barley. The object of the study were plant spring barley varieties Peas in various stages of development. Сadmium was added to the soil (dark-grey podzolic) as a CdCl2·2,5H2O in the concentration of 3, 15 and 30 mg Cd+2 per kg of the soil. Сadmium is one of the heavy metals which occur in the environment as a result of antropogenic activities. The best solution for maintaining non-contaminated soils and plants is to remove the sources of Cd in the environment. Given that that is essentially impossible at this time, further research needs to determine how soil and plant factors affect Cd availability on polluted soils. Of all non-essential heavy metals, Cadmium (Cd) is perhaps the metal that has attracted the most attention in soil science and plant nutrition due to its potential toxicity to humans, and also its relative mobility in the soil-plant system. The Cadmium is for plants completely unnecessary element. Of particular concern for humans are the high concentrations of Cd in grain. Established that the Cadmium content in barley amended as follows: underground faction > vegetative biomass fraction > generative fraction (control and on the variant of contamination of soil in a dose 3 mg Cd+2 per kg of the soil) and underground faction > generative fraction > vegetative biomass fraction (on the variants of experience 5 and 10 maximum possible concentration of Cd+2). Сadmium absorbed most intensive barley in the flowering stage. Cadmium is characterized by subzero migratory ability in theorgans of barley. Roots are the main accumulators of this heavy metal. Every stress conditions are signal for a plant to initiate in its cells a number of different biochemical processes (e.g. changes of cytoplasm pH, changes of electrostatic potential of cell membranes, flow of ions). It is set that getting a clean straw and clean grain ispossible only on the variants of experien-ce 1 maximum possible concentration of Cd+2 and on control. The effect of сadmium and other heavy metals on plants depends not only on its form, but also on the presence and concentration of other elements and substances, the plant species and its developmental stage are also important. Several soil conditions, such as the pH value, calcium level, content of organic substances, particulaly humus etc., are decisive for the exchangeable and water soluble, available сadmium for plants.

New Approach to Study Stimulating Effect of the Pre-Sowing Barley Seeds Treatment in the Electromagnetic Field

Improvement of the agricultural crops seeds quality with their pre-sowing treatment in the electromagnetic field and the subsequent increase in grain yield and studying the mechanisms of stimulating effects – all those are the important problems of science and practice of the crop-growing sector. The purpose of the presented research was to study the mechanism for increasing the germinating ability of spring barley seeds as a result of pre-sowing treatment with an alternating electromagnetic field of an industrial frequency (50 Hz) for one second. After four days of storing, treated seeds were germinated under optimal conditions for this process and the number of germinated seeds of two spring barley varieties was counted each day during seven days period. Also we studied the onset, duration and passage of Microphenological Phases of Seeds Germination (MPPSG), based on the observation and the time registration of each seed morphological changes during germination with two-hour periodicity for seven twenty-four hours. It was established that seeds treatment in an electromagnetic field leads to an acceleration of their germination for one day due to the appearance of rapidly germinating seeds fraction and disappearing of the slowest germinating seeds fraction. This is due to the acceleration of the onset of all MPPSGs and reducing of their duration. Despite the reduction in the absolute values of the duration (in hours) of all MPPSGs, two phases ("Swelling" and "Short roots") began to occupy a greater time percentage in the structure of the germination period after seeds pre-sowing treatment. It is interesting, that treated seeds also absorb more water during the swelling period than untreated seeds, although the duration of that period has shortened. Therefore, the conclusion was made about stimulation of accelerated water absorption by seeds during the swelling period, the duration of which is shortened, by the electromagnetic field. It was established that there are fractions in the seed lots of different spring barley varieties that respond differently to treatment. Consequently, when studying the mechanism of the electromagnetic field influence on seeds germination, it is necessary to study not only the total effect, but also take into account the reaction of individual fractions. The proposed experimental approach can be used as an informative tool for obtaining new knowledge in the field of the stimulating effect of seed treatment in an alternating electromagnetic field of the industrial frequency on their germinating ability and further growth and development of plants.

Пластичность, стабильность и адаптивность качества зерна сортов ярового ячменя в условиях Омской области

Пластичность, стабильность и адаптивность качества зерна сортов ярового ячменя в условиях Омской области

Оценка сортов ярового ячменя по урожайности, экологической пластичности и адаптивности

Дана комплексная оценка допущенных к использованию и перспективных 13 сортов ярового ячменя по урожайности и параметрам адаптивности в условиях лесостепи Северного Зауралья. Исследования проводили в 2013 – 2015 гг. на двух сортоучастках Тюменской области — северной и южной лесостепи. Отмечена значительная вариабельность условий среды, исходя из величины индекса условий, а также урожайности сортов независимо от природно-климатической зоны. Лучшим сортом по средней урожайности как в северной, так и южной лесостепи, а также в целом по шести средам (3 года × 2 ГСУ) признан Ворсинский 2, а в группе перспективных — Саломе. Более высокие значения реализации потенциала урожайности сортов выявлены в условиях северной лесостепной зоны. По величине коэффициента регрессии (bi) выделились три группы сортов: сильно отзывчивые на изменение условий (bi > 1 — Керстин, Сольдо, Татум), пластичные (bi равно или близко 1 — Ворсинский 2, Абалак, Грэйс, Зу Заза, Зу Сурен, Саломе, Фабиола) и слабо отзывчивые (bi < 1 — Ача, Челябинский 99, Деспина). Все изученные сорта ярового ячменя характеризовались низкой экологической устойчивостью (SF > 1). Наибольшие значения показателя общей адаптивной способности (ОАС) отмечены у сорта Ворсинский 2 (ОАС = 0,23), а среди перспективных — Саломе (ОАС = 0,41). Исходя из комплексной оценки по урожайности и параметрам адаптивности лучшими признаны сорта Абалак (допущен к использованию) и Саломе (перспективный). Между средней урожайностью и пластичностью выявлена положительная слабая зависимость. Положительная сильная достоверная связь размаха урожайности с экологической пластичностью и устойчивостью, а также экологической пластичности с экологической устойчивостью указывает на повышение отзывчивости сортов на изменение условий с ростом вариабельности урожайности, а также на повышение фенотипической нестабильности генотипов с повышением изменчивости урожайности и отзывчивости сортов на изменение условий.

АДАПТИВНАЯ СПОСОБНОСТЬ И СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ КОЛЛЕКЦИОННЫХ СОРТООБРАЗЦОВ ЯЧМЕНЯ ЯРОВОГО В УСЛОВИЯХ ОМСКОГО ПРИИРТЫШЬЯ

АДАПТИВНАЯ СПОСОБНОСТЬ И СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ КОЛЛЕКЦИОННЫХ СОРТООБРАЗЦОВ ЯЧМЕНЯ ЯРОВОГО В УСЛОВИЯХ ОМСКОГО ПРИИРТЫШЬЯ

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЗАТРАТ НА СОЗДАНИЕ СОРТА ЯЧМЕНЯ ЯРОВОГО

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЗАТРАТ НА СОЗДАНИЕ СОРТА ЯЧМЕНЯ ЯРОВОГО

ВПЛИВ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ЖИВЛЕННЯ НА ВИСОТУ РОСЛИН ТА ВРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ЗЕРНА СОРТІВ ЯЧМЕНЮ ЯРОГО В УМОВАХ ПІВДЕННОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

ВПЛИВ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ЖИВЛЕННЯ НА ВИСОТУ РОСЛИН ТА ВРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ЗЕРНА СОРТІВ ЯЧМЕНЮ ЯРОГО В УМОВАХ ПІВДЕННОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

Реакция нового сорта ячменя Родник Прикамья на применение регуляторов роста растений

The research was done in 2015-2017 in Kirov region. The article provides data on productivity, structure, sowing qualities of seeds and susceptibility to root rot, net blotch and dark-brown blotch of a new spring barley variety Rodnik Prikamiya. The technology of its cultivation included the use of growth regulators Emistim R, and Albit TPS. Preparations were used both alone (treatment of seeds and sowings in tillering stage, once and twice) and in tank mix at seed treatment with fungicide Bunker VSK. The highest productivity of the variety (average in variants - 654 g/ m 2 ) was obtained in relatively favorable growth conditions of 2015; the least one (average 399 g/m 2 ) - in 2017 at over moistening (LSD 05 on the “year” factor - 60). It has been established that productive potential of the variety and 1000 grain mass were largely determined by climatic conditions of the growing season especially at the most important periods of ontogenesis (the part of influence 59.8 and 88.7% relatively). Use of growth regulators Emistim and Albit in barley cultivation technology is more effective in years with lack or surplus of moisture during the growing season. Under conditions favorable in heat and moisture the role of genotype in production process rises but the effect of preparations decreases. On the average for 3 years the highest productivity was obtained at sowing treatment with Albit preparation as well as at complex treatment of seeds with tank mix of growth regulators Albit and Emistim with fongicide Bunker and following treatment of sowings with regulators. This productivity was 561 g/m 2 , 550gr/m 2 and 552 g/m 2 that is 23-34 g/m 2 higher than control. The preparations under study decreased the development of root rot independent of environmental factors of the year and plant resistance to net blotch was better under sufficient moistening.

Breeding value of spring barley varieties in terms of performance and plant structure elements

The results of evaluation of the breeding value of 30 spring barley varieties of different genetic and geographical origin in terms of performance and plant structure elements in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in 2013-2016 are presented. Peculiarities of the factor effects and their interaction on the formation of the trait of interest were determined. Correlations between quantitative traits and plant performance, depending on hydrothermal growing conditions, were calculated. Varieties that are of greatest value for barley breeding as starting material were identified. The aim and tasks of the study . To evaluate 30 spring barley varieties for performance, plant structure elements and to select the most valuable starting material. Material and methods . The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Barley Breeding and Genetics of the Plant Production Institute named after VYa Yuriev of NAAS. Thirty spring barley varieties of different genetic and geographical origin were taken as the study material. Data were statistically processed by variance, correlation and cluster analyses. Results and discussion . Analysis of variance revealed peculiarities of the factor effects and their interaction on the formation of the traits of interest. The 1000-grain weight was mainly determined by the hydrothermal conditions of a year, while the spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike and grain unit mainly depended on the genotype. The productive tillering capacity and plant performance were determined by interaction of these two factors. Correlation analysis revealed a compensatory effect for the plant performance: under the favorable conditions in2016, a strong correlation was noted between the performance and productive tillering capacity (r = 0.77); a medium correlation - between the performance, grain number per spike and grain weight per spike (r = 0.28 and r = 0.34, respectively). Under the dry conditions in 2013, the correlations changed, namely: it decreased to an insignificant level between the performance and productive tillering capacity (r = 0.18) and increased to strong levels between the performance, grain number per spike and grain weight per spike (r = 0.73 and r = 0.75, respectively). Cluster analysis categorized the investigated varieties into 4 clusters. Cluster 4 comprised varieties of the highest breeding value: Komandor, Mastvinster and Sebastian, combining high productive tillering capacity, grain weight per plant and grain unit. Conclusions. Thus, the study selected varieties Komandor, Mastvinster, Kangoo and Sebastian as the most valuable starting material in terms of plant performance and its individual elements for spring barley breeding

Sowing qualities and yield characteristics of spring barley seeds, depending on predecessors and fertilizers, and a way to increase them

The objective was to study the influence of fertilizers and predecessor on the sowing qualities and yield characteristics of spring barley as well as the effect of plant growth regulator on the yield capacity.Material and methods. The study was conducted in the fields of the Plant Production Institute named after. VYa Yuriev of NAAS. The predecessor of barley was pea.The yield characteristics were studied on seeds of barley varieties Parnas and Modern obtained from parent plants that had been grown after different predecessors: sugar beet, soybean and grain corn as well as on different nutrition (no fertilizers and aftereffect of 30 t/ha manure + N30P30K30). Seed dressing with Vitavax 200 PF, 2.5 L/t, was combined with treatment with growth regulator Vegestim, 250 mL/t. Plants were sprayed with growth regulator Vegestim, 50 mL/h, in the tillering phase, using shoulder sprayers at the working fluid flow rate of 300 L/ha.Spring barley seeds were sown at the optimal time by the continuous conventional method with the seeding rate of 4.5 million of germinable seeds per hectare.Results and discussion. The cultivation of spring barley varieties Parnas and Modern with fertilization contributes to the increase in the sowing qualities of the seeds produced: on average, in the 1000-seed weight - by2.8 g, and in the germinability - by 2 %.The cultivation of barley variety Parnas after sugar beet and of variety Modern after grain corn with ferilization allows increasing the yield characteristics of the seeds produced. When they had been sown, the yields were 4.57 and 3.60 t/ha, respectively.The use of Vegetestim provides a further increase in the yield characteristics of spring barley seeds. On average in 2014-2015, in the experiments with seeds grown after sugar beet (variety Parnas) or after grain corn (variety Modern) on fertilization the yields were 4.63 and 3.67 t/ha, respectivdely.Conclusions. The optimal components of varietal agrotechnology for growing seeds of spring barley varieties Parnas and Modern, which allow obtaining seeds with enhanced yield characteristics, are as fololows: predecessors – sugar beet (Parnas) or corn (Modern) on the aftereffect of 30 t/ha of manure + N30P30K30. Pre-sowing seed treatment and spraying of plants in the tillering phase with Vegestim were more effective, when seeds that had been grown with fertilizers, were used for sowing

Spring barley integrated testing for yielding and stability

Purpose. To define the regularities of yield level for spring barley varieties in “genotype–environment” interaction when testing in different ecological zones environments of Ukraine and identify genotypes with increased adaptive potential. Methods. As object of the research there were 36 spring barley varieties of domestic and foreign breeding. Varieties were tested at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS (MIW) (the Central Forest-Steppe) in 2015–2017, at Nosivka Plant Breeding Experimental Station of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS (NPBES) (Polissia) in 2016–2017 and at Kirovohrad State Agricultural Experimental Station of NAAS (KSAES) (the Northern Steppe) in 2016–2017. During three years of the investigation (2015–2017), the results of varieties testing in seven environments have been obtained. Plots with discount area of 10 m2 were laid out with three replications by the method of full randomized blocks, in accordance with conventional methods. Statistical analysis of experimental data was performed using Excel 2010 and Statistica 8.0 software. To interpret visually “genotype-environment” interaction the GGE biplot model was used. Results. The ANOVA of yield data showed reliable contributions into the total variation of environment (64.64%), genotype (14.90%), and their interaction (20.46%). Environmental conditions of MIW in 2016 were characterized with the highest discriminative fineness (informativeness), while KSAES in 2017 were characterized with the lowest one. Environmental conditions of both MIW in 2017 and NPBES in 2016 were the most representative; conditions of KSAES in 2016 were the least representative. The conditions of MIW and KSSGDS in 2016 were the most distant against each other. The GGE biplot “who-won-where” vizualization allowed to divide the environments in two sectors: the first – conditions of MIW 2015–2017 and NPBES 2016–2017, the second – conditions of KSAES 2016–2017. The variety ‘MIP Myrnyi’ had a significant advantage in the first sector, while the variety ‘Skarb’ had it in the second one. The varieties of spring barley ‘MIP Myrnyi’, ‘MIP Bohun’, ‘Talisman Myronivskyi’, ‘MIP Azart’, ‘Dokaz’, ‘Pan’ have been differen­tiated and defined as those with the optimal level of yield in environments being the closest to hypothetical “ideal” genotype of the GGE biplot model. Conclusions. Modelling of integrated variety testing by combining years being contrast in hydrothermal regime and different ecological conditions with interpretation of the investigation results using modern statistical and graphical method contributes to more detailed characterization of the “genotype–environment” interaction, ranking and identifying of prospecting genotypes.

Cultivar mixtures as part of integrated protection of spring barley

Barley powdery mildew is caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. Hordei. Monoculture and the use of disease-resistant varieties on large-scale usually lead to the selection of new pathogen races able to overcome the resistance. The use of variety mixtures can significantly improve the control of the disease and provides stable yield among different environments. To assess the effects of the variety mixtures of spring barley on the intensity of powdery mildew infection, we conducted field trials during four growing seasons at two locations contrasting in soil and environmental conditions. The experiments were based on five varieties of spring barley (Basza, Blask, Skarb, Rubinek, Antek) sown in pure stands as well as in their mixtures. No fungicide and insecticides were used, only herbicide protection was implemented. Our studies have shown that in both locations the intensity of the disease was reduced in varieties grown in mixtures when compared to pure stands. This confirms that cultivation of genetically diversified varieties of spring barley in mixtures provides economically and environmentally sustainable tool which allows to control powdery mildew disease.

Breeding and genetic peculiarities of modern spring barley varieties for grain number per main ear

Purpose. To reveal breeding and genetic peculiarities of modern spring barley varieties for the “number of grains per main ear” trait and identify genetic sources of increased combining ability for involving in hybridization.Methods. Investigations were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. Modern varieties of domestic (‘Virazh’, ‘Talisman Myronivskyi’, ‘Komandor’) and foreign (‘KWS Aliciana’, ‘KWS Bambina’, ‘Zhana’, ‘Explorer’) breeding were involved in crossing for a full (7´7) diallel scheme. Parents and F1 were studied in field conditions during 2014–2016.Results. The analysis of variance of combining ability has shown a significant advantage in varying of general combining ability (GCA) effects. The mean square of specific combining ability (SCA) was significantly less than the GCA, but reliable throughout the years. The reciprocal effect was reliable only in 2014. Stably high effects of GCA during all years of investigations were noted in the varieties ‘KWS Aliciana’ (1.18–1.62) and ‘Virazh’ (1.33–1.48). The variety ‘KWS Bambina’ was characterized by lower but reliable positive effects of GCA (0.43–0.99) as compared to mentioned above. Non-allelic gene interaction was not found, that allowed to calculate the basic parameters of genetic variation. During all years of investigations, dominant effects of genes (H1 and H2) prevailed over the additive (D) ones in phenotypic expression of grain number per main ear. Mean degree of dominance in the experiment (H1/D) has shown overdominance. The same pattern was also distinctive for the index of mean degree of dominance in the loci . The dominance was reliably directed. Dominant effects of genes increased grain content, and recessive ones reduced it. At least 3–4 genes (groups of genes) have been revealed which determined the effects of dominance. At the same time, recessive genes (F<0) or gene effects were prevailed quantitatively in the varieties investigated. A high coefficient of heritability in broad sense (H2 = 0.98) has shown a significant determination of phenotypic variability with genetic factors. The coefficient of heritability in narrow sense (h2 = 0.66–0.68) confirmed that despite the advantage of dominant effects over the additive ones, the contribution of the latter was also significant.Conclusions. The prevalence of dominant effects of genes in the phenotypic expression of the number of grains per main ear causes the need for sufficient sample size of hybrid material and points to the expediency of conducting a more “rigid” selection for phenotype in later generations. At the same time, the considerable contribution of additive effects and high values of heritability indices give reason to predict the efficiency of selections aimed at increasing the trait in created hybrid material. The varieties ‘Virazh’, ‘KWS Aliciana’, ‘KWS Bambina’ should be used as effective genetic sources to increase grain content in combination breeding.

Breeding progress, genotypic and environmental variation and correlation of quality traits in malting barley in German official variety trials between 1983 and 2015

Key messageEvaluation of breeding progress for spring barley varieties in Germany showed that both grain yield and malting quality were considerably improved during the last 33 years, and that genetic effects of protein concentration and malting traits were not associated.Based on historical data, this study aimed to investigate yield potential and malting quality of 187 varieties tested and released in German registration trials to evaluate the value for cultivation and use (VCU) during 1983–2015, and to quantify the environmental variability and the association among traits. We used mixed linear models with multiple linear regression terms to dissect genetic and non-genetic trend components. Grain yield increased by 43% (23.4 dt ha−1) in VCU trials and 35% (14.0 dt ha−1) on-farm relative to 1983. All yield components contributed significantly. Malting quality was also considerably improved by 2.3% for extract content up to 25.1% for friability, relative to 1983, nearly completely due to new varieties. Total variability of individual traits was very different between traits (2.4–24.4% relative to 1983). The relative influence of genotypes on total variation was low for grain yield and its components, whereas it was considerably larger for other traits. We found remarkable differences between phenotypic and genetic correlation coefficients for grain yield and protein concentration with malting traits. The observed positive phenotypic relation between grain yield and malting quality can be attributed to a shift of selection and environmental effects, but genetic correlations showed a negative association. Genetic effects of protein concentration and malting quality were not correlated indicating that both were not genetically linked. Considerable yield progress and improvement of malting quality were achieved despite of their weak to moderate negative genetic dependence.

Tocotrienols and tocopherols in colored-grain wheat, tritordeum and barley

Colored-grain spring and winter wheat, spring tritordeum and barley (blue aleurone, purple pericarp, and yellow endosperm) from the harvests 2014 and 2015 were evaluated for tocol contents by HPLC-FD. Higher content of total tocols was found in spring wheat varieties compared with winter varieties. Four tocols (β-tocotrienol, α-tocotrienol, β-tocopherol, and α-tocopherol) were identified in wheat and tritordeum varieties. Dominant tocols in purple- and blue-grained wheat and yellow-grained tritordeum were α-tocopherol and β-tocotrienol, whereas spring barley varieties differed from wheat and tritordeum by high α-tocotrienol content. Tocol content was significantly affected by genotype and in a lesser extent in some varieties and lines also by rainfall and temperatures during crop year. Higher rainfall and lower temperatures caused in most varieties higher tocol contents. Purple- and blue-grained wheat lines with higher tocol, anthocyanin and phenolic acids with health benefits may be useful for breeding new varieties.

Features of use of new generation fertilizers in the technologies of spring barley cultivation in the arid conditions of the Middle Volga

The influence of the new generation preparations is studied: liquid multicomponent mineral fertilizers Kuprotsin, Khelatonik, Intermag Profi cereals, organic fertilizers Bioplant Flora, organomineral fertilizers Sufler, biostumulator NV-101 in the form of seed treatment, and foliar dressing for yield and grain quality of the spring barley varieties in the in the drought conditions (hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) of the vegetation period was 0.4–0.7). It is shown that the foliar dressings positively affect the productivity of the barley varieties providing sufficient nutrition to the plants. The individual reaction of Povolzhskii 65, Kazak, Volgar, and Povolzhskii 16 varieties are revealed to the productivity, physical properties, and grain quality with the use of the modern preparations. Volgar and Kazak varieties with the annual yield increase up to 25% are the most sensitive.

Chemical Composition of Covered and Naked Spring Barley Varieties and Their Potential for Food Production

Chemical Composition of Covered and Naked Spring Barley Varieties and Their Potential for Food Production

Correlation between yield capacity and 1000-grain weight in spring barley varieties

Correlation between yield capacity and 1000-grain weight in spring barley varieties