Spread Of Dengue Research Articles

A PROPOSED FRAMEWORK FOR SURVEILLANCE OF DENGUE DISEASE AND PREDICTION

Abstract. Recurring outbreaks of dengue during past decades have affected public health and burdened resource constraint health systems across the world. Transmission of such diseases is a conjugation of various complex factors including vector dynamics, transmission mechanism, environmental conditions, cultural behaviours, and public health policies. Modelling and predicting early outbreaks is the key to an effective response to control the spread of disease. In this study, a comprehensive framework has been proposed to model dengue disease by integrating significant factors using different inputs, such as remote sensing, epidemiological data, and health infrastructure inputs. This framework for Dengue Disease Monitoring (DDM) model provides a conceptual architecture for integrating different data sources, visualization and assessment of disease status, and prediction analysis. The developed model will help forewarn the public health administration about the outbreak for planning interventions to limit the spread of dengue. Further, this forecasting model may be applied to manage the existing public health resources for medical and health infrastructure, also to determine the efficacy of vector surveillance and intervention programmes.

Risk of a syndemic between COVID-19 and dengue fever in southern Mexico.

A syndemic is the convergence of two or more diseases in the same space and time. In Mexico, the dengue epidemic is active and predominates in areas of the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico; in turn, the COVID-19 epidemic severely affects the same areas as dengue fever. Given that both these diseases share many clinical manifestations, in areas where tropical diseases are endemic, it is important to make careful evaluations of the patient who consults for fever in order to establish a timely diagnosis. Laboratory diagnostic tests are necessary to take the pertinent measures for each patient. In Mexico, the risk of a syndemic between COVID-19 and dengue fever is high, and thus it that can collapse health systems. The states of southeastern Mexico and the Pacific region require special attention, since they have geographic, environmental and climatic conditions that favor the rapid spread of dengue and COVID-19. Simultaneous infection will worsen the epidemiological situation, and complicate the diagnosis, control and treatment of both diseases.

Formulation of eucalyptus oil-zinc sulfide hybrid nanoemulsion and evaluation of its larvicidal potential against Aedes aegypti

The growing threat of vector- borne diseases and environmental pollution has prompted the nanotechnology based investigations. The present study aimed to use one of the nanotechnological applications with larvicidal potential against Aedes aegypti by preparing aqueous hybrid nanoemulsion of zinc sulfide nanoparticles and Eucalyptus globulus oil. The mean droplet size of prepared and most stable hybrid nanoemulsion (9.5 ppm) was found to be 60±10.00 nm with rectangular shape. The hybrid nanoemulsion exhibited LC50 and LC90 values of 7.63 and 9.22 ppm respectively against larval stages of Aedes aegypti. The findings obtained from the larvicidal assay were corroborated with SEM, histological and biochemical profiles of Aedes larvae after treating with hybrid nanoemulsion. Under simulated conditions, nanohybrid treatment demonstrated optimum larvicidal potency after 48 hrs of exposure. Further, biosaftey studies of hybrid nanoemulsion were carried out against Scapholebris kingi and this larvicidal concentration of nanohybrid was found to be non-toxic to this species. Thus, the following research explains the larvicidal efficacy of zinc sulfide based hybrid nanoemulsion of eucalyptus oil formulated during the present study is a step towards safe and efficient approach against dengue spreading vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

WebGIS-Based Real-Time Surveillance and Response System for Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases.

The diseases transmitted through vectors such as mosquitoes are named vector-borne diseases (VBDs), such as malaria, dengue, and leishmaniasis. Malaria spreads by a vector named Anopheles mosquitos. Dengue is transmitted through the bite of the female vector Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquito. The female Phlebotomine sandfly is the vector that transmits leishmaniasis. The best way to control VBDs is to identify breeding sites for their vectors. This can be efficiently accomplished by the Geographical Information System (GIS). The objective was to find the relation between climatic factors (temperature, humidity, and precipitation) to identify breeding sites for these vectors. Our data contained imbalance classes, so data oversampling of different sizes was created. The machine learning models used were Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, and Multi-Layer Perceptron for model training. Their results were compared and analyzed to select the best model for disease prediction in Punjab, Pakistan. Random Forest was the selected model with 93.97% accuracy. Accuracy was measured using an F score, precision, or recall. Temperature, precipitation, and specific humidity significantly affect the spread of dengue, malaria, and leishmaniasis. A user-friendly web-based GIS platform was also developed for concerned citizens and policymakers.

The Impact of Climate Change and Variability on the Global Distribution of Aedes Aegypti and the Spread of Dengue

The Impact of Climate Change and Variability on the Global Distribution of Aedes Aegypti and the Spread of Dengue

A Comparative Study on the spread of Dengue due to pollution in the adjoining areas of Beliaghata Canal and Bagjola Canal in Kolkata: A Sociological Study

The research was done in Kolkata in the ward 14 and ward 26 along the adjoining areas of the Beliaghata Canal and Bagjola Canal in the state of West Bengal. The researcher used both quantitative and qualitative method in this study. The researcher conducted Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the fellow participants, while conducting the survey. The result showed that the knowledge on hygiene and sanitation was the major problem causing the public health issue in those wards in Kolkata. During the monsoon the water gets logged in the narrow lanes, where the Aedes Aegypti mosquito breeds and thus causes Dengue in those areas. The researchers in this study collected primary data from the ward 14 and ward 26 and tried to compare and contrast the problem of hygiene and sanitation and the related public health issue causing Dengue in those two canals areas, Beliaghata and Bagjola canal in Kolkata. The researcher found the poor sanitation and pollution in these two canals where the plastic cups, plastic bottle, plastic plates, coconut shells all clogged the drains and canals causing the Aedes Aegypti mosquito to breed in those containers during the monsoon causing the spread of Dengue.

The Attractive Ability Of Types Of Attractants Against Aedes sp. Mosquito Eggs Using Ovitrap

An attractant is a substance that attracts insects (mosquitoes) either chemically or visually. To prevent the spread of dengue, various methods have been employed, one of which is using ovitraps containing attractants. This study aimed to determine the number of Aedes sp. mosquito eggs based on different attractants. The research was experimental with a one-shot case study design, comparing various attractants and their effectiveness in attracting Aedes sp. mosquito eggs. The findings showed that the type of attractant significantly affected the presence of mosquito eggs, with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), allowing further analysis using a post hoc test. The post hoc test revealed significant differences between no attractant and shrimp paste water immersion, no attractant and shrimp head immersion, and no attractant and a brown sugar and yeast mixture. Significant differences were also found between shrimp paste soaked water and brown sugar and yeast mixtures and between shrimp head attractants and brown sugar and yeast mixtures. Shrimp head immersion attractant had a p-value of 0.199 (>0.05), indicating no significant difference compared to other attractants. Among the various attractants tested, shrimp paste soaking water and shrimp head soaking water were the most effective. It is recommended that communities use ovitraps with shrimp paste soaking solution to reduce the Aedes sp. mosquito population around homes, as these materials are relatively easy to obtain and ovitraps can be made using repurposed plastic cups.

Spatial mapping on the vector indices of Aedes aegypti in a rural area of Bangalore, India

Background Vector indices such as the house index HI breteau index BI and container index CI are widely used to infer the density of Aedes aegypti in surveillance programs.Objective To assess the vector indices and spatial map of the positive households using a Quantum Geographic Information System QGIS.Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area of a medical college near Bangalore. A total of 320 households were sampled and surveyed through household visits for vector indices. Smartphones with Epicollect5 application and Global Positioning Systemand GPS were used for data collection. QGIS was used for spatial mapping of the households.Results From 320 households surveyed 507 water collection sites were examined for Aedes aegypti larvae. The most common site of Aedes breeding identified was 53 73.61 in plastic containers. The CI was 14.20 HI was 17.81 and BI was 22.5.Conclusion Vector indices from the study area showed the risk potential to be high for the spread of dengue and chikungunya. Spatial mapping describes the hotspots of Aedes breeding in households and neighborhoods. There is a requirement for strengthening the integrated vector control measures.

Wolbachia infected and uninfected mosquito growth model using the Leslie multispecies matrix model

Currently, there is a new strategy for stopping the spread of dengue, namely infecting wild mosquitoes with Wolbachia bacteria. Wolbachia is a bacteria that can lower the rate of infection in a mosquito's body, which lowers the risk of the virus being transmitted when it bites susceptible people. Our aim in this paper is to find the equilibrium points and perform local stability analysis for each equilibrium point of a growth model of uninfected and Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The growth model of the two types of mosquitoes was modeled using the Leslie multispecies matrix model. We assume that the first species is Wolbachia-uninfected mosquitoes and the second species is Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes. In this study, we obtained four equilibrium points. Then, we obtain asymptotically local stability conditions at the four equilibrium points. Based on these results, this study provides conditions that guarantee that efforts to use Wolbachia can suppress dengue disease.

Prediction of dengue fever using supervised machine learning based on hyperparameter tuning and an analysis of the factors influencing dengue spread

Prediction of dengue fever using supervised machine learning based on hyperparameter tuning and an analysis of the factors influencing dengue spread

Prediction of dengue fever using supervised machine learning based on hyperparameter tuning and an analysis of the factors influencing dengue spread

Prediction of dengue fever using supervised machine learning based on hyperparameter tuning and an analysis of the factors influencing dengue spread

DENGUE VECTOR CONTROL APPROACHES: EXISTING OPTIONS AND THE WAY FORWARD

Aedes mosquitoes are crucial vectors of many significant viral infections. The intensifying and convoluted threat of dengue on a global scale warrants enhanced approaches to mosquito control. This short communication aims to provide an overview of the various types of environmental, biological, plant-based and chemical control strategies employed worldwide to curb dengue outbreaks which are worthy of reflection. The use of synthetic insecticides as the predominant method to reduce the spread of dengue has been widely adopted, albeit with caution. The prolonged dependency and repetitive usage of chemical insecticides has been associated with negative ecological and physiological dangers, necessitating the pursuit of alternative strategies to augment existing methods of mosquito control. This review aims to discuss the effectiveness of existing insecticides and the potential use of natural larvicides of botanical origin against dengue using literature sourced from electronic databases. Although many studies have utilised plant-based derivatives as naturally occurring pesticides, their efficacy needs to be further investigated which forms the rationale behind this review.

The Influence of Anthropogenic and Environmental Disturbances on Parameter Estimation of a Dengue Transmission Model.

Some deterministic models deal with environmental conditions and use parameter estimations to obtain experimental parameters, but they do not consider anthropogenic or environmental disturbances, e.g., chemical control or climatic conditions. Even more, they usually use theoretical or measured in-lab parameters without worrying about uncertainties in initial conditions, parameters, or changes in control inputs. Thus, in this study, we estimate parameters (including chemical control parameters) and confidence contours under uncertainty conditions using data from the municipality of Bello (Colombia) during 2010-2014, which includes two epidemic outbreaks. Our study shows that introducing non-periodic pulse inputs into the mathematical model allows us to: (i) perform parameter estimation by fitting real data of consecutive dengue outbreaks, (ii) highlight the importance of chemical control as a method of vector control, and (iii) reproduce the endemic behavior of dengue. We described a methodology for parameter and sub-contour box estimation under uncertainties and performed reliable simulations showing the behavior of dengue spread in different scenarios.

Mengenal Lebih Dekat Dengan Virus Dengue Dan Cara Penanganannya

Dengue virus is a virus transmitted by mosquitoes namely Aedes aegypti. We educate people about dengue virus and how to handle it so that people, especially endemic areas, can better understand the pattern of dengue virus spread which can cause dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) as one of the most deadly diseases. If it continues it can lead to shock due to bleeding. DKI Jakarta area, especially East Jakarta, is one of the endemic areas for DHF. As many as 265 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) have occurred in East Jakarta since the beginning of 2020. The community needs to know more about how to prevent DHF through knowledge of lifestyles where the dengue virus reproduces and how it is transmitted. The local community was very enthusiastic about listening to the counseling, as seen from the satisfaction questionnaire, more than 50% answered that they were satisfied with this counseling.

Impact of social awareness, case detection, and hospital capacity on dengue eradication in Jakarta: A mathematical model approach

Fumigation is the most popular form of intervention in various parts of the world to combat the spread of dengue fever, including in the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. Various forms of intervention, such as media campaign and case detection, are being carried out to control dengue in Jakarta. This study aims to understand the impact of the media campaign and case detection in controlling dengue spread in the city of Jakarta via a novel mathematical model. The intervention of a media campaign can improve people’s knowledge of dengue, which can make them aware of dengue. Furthermore, we also define our recovery rate as a decreasing function depending on the number of hospitalized individuals. The model was developed as a novel SAEIHR-VW (Susceptible Aware Exposed Infected Hospitalized Recovered - Susceptible and Infected Mosquito) model. Incidence data in Jakarta during 2020 is used to estimate the best-fit parameter of the model. The analysis shows that the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than one. The elasticity analysis demonstrates that media campaign intervention is much more sensitive than case detection in suppressing the basic reproduction number. Furthermore, larger case detection does not always provide a better result in reducing the basic reproduction number owing to the quality of treatment in the hospital. The dynamical system sensitivity analysis (local and global) shows that the infection probability rate is the most significant parameter for the infected and hospitalized individuals.

Dengue surge in Pakistan amidst the torrential rains: The threat of a potential outbreak.

With 390 million infections occurring globally and the infection putting half of the world's population at risk, dengue is an illness with potential, life-threatening manifestations such as plasma leakage and fluid retention, severe bleeding, and organ impairment. This disease is already lurking in the various regions of Pakistan, which was recently ravaged by decades' worst flood. With mosquitoes being its eminent transmission source, it is coherent that a country with massive flooding, accumulation of stagnant water, and lack of adequate drainage systems can lead to a dengue outbreak. Pakistan, a low-middle-income country, is still recuperating from the aftershocks of the pandemic, a recent cholera outbreak, and the massive economic destruction they caused, especially in the healthcare sector. Concerningly, the World Health Organizationhas already issued a "second catastrophe" warning for Pakistan in the aftermath of the fatal floods which have caused the destruction of hundreds of health facilities while physicians and medical workers on the ground scramble to combat outbreaks of waterborne and other illnesses. If the spread of dengue isn't contained immediately, it will destroy the healthcare systems across the country and result in massive fatalities. To avoid tragic consequences, the government and concerned authorities must devise plans to launch public health programs aimed at boosting knowledge of the disease, its symptoms, transmission, prevention, and control. In this commentary, we discuss the current spike of dengue virus, epidemiology, transmission patterns, and preventative efforts in the aftermath of Pakistan's disastrous floods.

Epidemiological profile of dengue in Champasak and Savannakhet provinces, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2003-2020.

Dengue is a public health issue in tropical south-eastern Asia responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Information on dengue epidemiology is necessary for developing strategies to control infections effectively. In the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Champasak and Savannakhet provinces account for around 30% of the national dengue burden. In this study, the dengue epidemiological profile in these two southern provinces of Lao PDR was described by analysing seasonal and spatial dengue notification data from 2003–2020 using the long-term mean (LTM) method. Savannakhet had a higher LTM (132.0 cases/month, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 92.2–171.7) than Champasak (113.3 cases/month, 95% CI: 86.0–140.5), with peaks in dengue notifications following the rainy season in both provinces. The highest notification rates were observed in July to September; these months were also when the LTM was most frequently exceeded. Previously, dengue notifications were largely confined to the western districts of Savannakhet and the northern districts of Champasak, but more recently, notifications have increased in the eastern districts of Savannakhet and southern districts of Champasak. While the notification rate remained high in children and young adults (5–30 years), especially among students and farmers, a shift in the age structure of dengue cases was observed, with a greater proportion of notifications now occurring in those aged over 30 years. Community-based vector control and prevention programmes are needed to restrict the spread of dengue into new geographical areas in the southern provinces of Lao PDR.

EFFECT OF HUMAN MOBILITY ON PREDICTIVE SPATIO-TEMPORAL MODEL OF DENGUE EPIDEMIC TRANSMISSION

In this paper, we propose a new dynamical system model pertaining to Dengue transmission, and investigate its consequent morphology. We present and study various ramifications of our mathematical model for Dengue spread, encapsulated in a spatio-temporal differential system made of reaction–diffusion equations. Diffusion terms are incorporated into the said model by using specific derivations for infected mosquitoes, and infected humans, as well. Moreover, mechanisms for the nearest neighbor(s) infections are integrated into the model. Furthermore, using adaptive multigrid finite difference with decoupling and quasi-linearization techniques, we investigate two main factors for Dengue spatial propagation. We determine the effects of temperature variations, and the mobility of infectious agents, be they mosquitoes or humans. Finally, the proposed model-based analytico-numerical results are obtained, and rendered in graphical profiles, which show the major role the climate temperature and the mobility of infected humans have on the spread and speed of the disease. The consequent proposed model outcomes and health-based ramifications are then raised, discussed, and then validated.

Mathematical Modelling of Dengue Transmission with Intervention Strategies Using Fractional Derivatives.

This paper deals with a deterministic mathematical model of dengue based on a system of fractional-order differential equations (FODEs). In this study, we consider dengue control strategies that are relevant to the current situation in Malaysia. They are the use of adulticides, larvicides, destruction of the breeding sites, and individual protection. The global stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium is constructed using the Lyapunov function theory. The relations between the order of the operator and control parameters are briefly analysed. Numerical simulations are performed to verify theoretical results and examine the significance of each intervention strategy in controlling the spread of dengue in the community. The model shows that vector control tools are the most efficient method to combat the spread of the dengue virus, and when combined with individual protection, make it more effective. In fact, the massive use of personal protection alone can significantly reduce the number of dengue cases. Inversely, mechanical control alone cannot suppress the excessive number of infections in the population, although it can reduce the Aedes mosquito population. The result of the real-data fitting revealed that the FODE model slightly outperformed the integer-order model. Thus, we suggest that the FODE approach is worth to be considered in modelling an infectious disease like dengue.

Induction of cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos by 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene through the JAK-STAT and NOTCH signaling pathways

1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p’-DDE) is the primary molecular metabolite of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a pesticide used to control the spread of dengue and Zika viruses, and can be detected in the majority of human blood samples. However, whether p,p’-DDE affects embryonic cardiac development remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the cardiotoxicity of p,p’-DDE and its potential mechanisms of action in zebrafish embryos. We demonstrated for the first time that zebrafish embryos exposed to p,p’-DDE exhibited cardiac development abnormalities, including morphological and functional abnormalities, such as pericardial edema, thinning of the ventricular wall, reduced erythrocyte intensity, and increased heart rate. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of differentially expressed genes and qRT-PCR showed that JAK-STAT-related genes (il17d, socs3a, and bcl2b) and Notch-related genes (notch1a, notch1b, bmp10, efnb2a, tbx2b, and tbx5a) were altered after p,p’-DDE treatment, leading to reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and irregular formation of ventricular and abnormal atrioventricular junctions. These results were verified using acridine orange staining, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assays, and whole-mount in situ hybridization. Our research suggests that p,p’-DDE affects cardiac development in zebrafish embryos and that its cardiotoxicity may be associated with the JAK-STAT and Notch signaling pathways. Our findings may provide the basis for future population-based cohort studies.