Spread Of Abnormal Cells Research Articles

Exploration of Socio-Cultural Aspects of Cancer Patients Who Refuse Chemotherapy: Literature Review

Background: Cancer is a multifaceted disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Socio-cultural background plays an important role in many aspects of cancer patients' lives, including beliefs, behaviors, perceptions, emotions, and attitudes towards illness and pain. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the socio-cultural aspects of cancer patients who refuse chemotherapy. Methods: The research method used was a systematic review by identifying journal articles published online consisting of English language from 2019-2024. Articles were retrieved using PubMed, ScieceDirect, and JSTOR search engine tools. Results: There were 5 journals based on the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: The results showed that socio-cultural aspects have a complex influence on cancer patients' decision to refuse chemotherapy.

Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Rutin in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. It causes millions of deaths each year and remaining a significant global health concern for both men and women. Effective treatment strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes in breast cancer, particularly in the case of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Chemotherapy, like paclitaxel and docetaxel, is the standard treatment for TNBC due to the lack of targeted therapies for this subtype. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic medication that is particularly effective against lung, ovarian, and other cancers; nevertheless, its clinical use is limited due to its multi-organ toxicity. As a result, the current study aims to improve treatment efficacy and reduce PTX-induced toxicity through the concurrent use of the natural polyphenolic substance Rutin. Rutin hydrate (purity > 94%) and paclitaxel were utilized in in vitro studies with 4T1 and MDA MB-231 cell lines. In the proliferation assay, cells were treated with rutin and paclitaxel at varying concentrations. Cytochrome-c release and cell cycle analysis were conducted, and flow cytometry assessed apoptosis. According to the findings of this investigation, rutin in combination with PTX considerably (P<0.05) lowers the growth and proliferation of breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, flow cytometry research revealed that combining rutin with PTX triggered GO/Gl cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a breast cancer cell line. Furthermore, after co-administration of rutin and PTX, mitochondrial depolarization increased significantly (P<0.05). Thus, the current study convincingly established rutin’s sensitizing activity and suggests it could be a potential adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy.

In silico approaches for drug repurposing in oncology: a scoping review.

Introduction: Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. Due to its complexity, it has been hard to find an ideal medicine to treat all cancer types, although there is an urgent need for it. However, the cost of developing a new drug is high and time-consuming. In this sense, drug repurposing (DR) can hasten drug discovery by giving existing drugs new disease indications. Many computational methods have been applied to achieve DR, but just a few have succeeded. Therefore, this review aims to show in silico DR approaches and the gap between these strategies and their ultimate application in oncology. Methods: The scoping review was conducted according to the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. Relevant studies were identified through electronic searching of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as well as the grey literature. We included peer-reviewed research articles involving in silico strategies applied to drug repurposing in oncology, published between 1 January 2003, and 31 December 2021. Results: We identified 238 studies for inclusion in the review. Most studies revealed that the United States, India, China, South Korea, and Italy are top publishers. Regarding cancer types, breast cancer, lymphomas and leukemias, lung, colorectal, and prostate cancer are the top investigated. Additionally, most studies solely used computational methods, and just a few assessed more complex scientific models. Lastly, molecular modeling, which includes molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, was the most frequently used method, followed by signature-, Machine Learning-, and network-based strategies. Discussion: DR is a trending opportunity but still demands extensive testing to ensure its safety and efficacy for the new indications. Finally, implementing DR can be challenging due to various factors, including lack of quality data, patient populations, cost, intellectual property issues, market considerations, and regulatory requirements. Despite all the hurdles, DR remains an exciting strategy for identifying new treatments for numerous diseases, including cancer types, and giving patients faster access to new medications.

Nanosphere Precision: Emulsomes Revolutionizing Cancer Targeted Therapy

Abstract: Emulsomes have gained attention because they are a novel lipoidal vesicular system that has an internal solid fat core surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer. Cancer is a complex and broad term that refers to a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. In the context of cancer targeting, emulsomes have shown promising potential due to their ability to improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of anticancer drugs, leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity. This article addresses emulsomal composition, preparation techniques, and different kinds of emulsomes loaded with drugs like fluvastatin and raloxifene hydrochloride to target cancer cells. The use of emulsomes in cancer targeting holds great promise for improving the precision, efficacy, and safety of cancer treatments. A comprehensive search of relevant scientific literature was performed. This involved searching databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and others to identify relevant studies, articles, and reviews related to the topic. Emulsomes loaded with specific drugs show promising results in cancer treatment. Examples include piceatannol-loaded emulsomes for colon cancer, raloxifene hydrochloride-loaded emulsomes for breast cancer, and fluvastatin-loaded emulsomes for prostate cancer. Emulsomes represent a cutting-edge approach to cancer drug delivery, offering a versatile and effective solution to address challenges associated with traditional anticancer formulations. Ongoing research holds promise for the continued development of personalized cancer therapy.

Advanced Targeted Drug Delivery of Bioactive Agents Fortified with Graft Chitosan in Management of Cancer: A Review.

Cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and spread of abnormal cells in the body, resulting in the development of tumors or clusters of irregular cells. The factors contributing to cancer are intricate, involving a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle elements. Risk factors for cancer include the use of nicotine, excessive alcohol consumption, exposure to radiation or specific chemicals, and a family history of the disease. Common treatment methods for cancer encompass surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. These treatments aim to eliminate cancer cells while minimizing harm to healthy cells. Recent research has extensively explored the potential of bioactive compounds as agents for combating cancer. However, effectively delivering such compounds to specific target sites is a complex undertaking. Consequently, there has been widespread exploration of polymer applications in the development of nanomedicine for delivering bioactive substances. Additionally, the technique of grafting native excipients onto polymers has been investigated to enhance their versatility in the delivery of these compounds to specific tumor cells. This review offers a brief yet informative summary of how grafted chitosan is employed as a delivery system for bioactive phytopharmaceuticals possessing anticancer properties. In essence, it delves into the use of grafted chitosan in facilitating the transport and targeted release of these natural compounds that have demonstrated potential in combating cancer. This innovative approach has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of anticancer treatments and minimize their adverse effects on healthy cells.

Recent advancements in cancer vaccines: A systematic review

Cancer is a versatile and common disease that occurs as a result of the uncontrolled growth as well as the spread of abnormal cells in the human body. Its history spans thousands of years, from the first descriptions of ancient civilizations to the advancement of modern science. His research throughout the 20th and 21st centuries revealed the genetic and molecular mechanisms of growth and development. Treatment options are diverse and include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Despite great progress, cancer remains a global health problem. Research is ongoing to further unravel the complexity of this disease to improve early diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, and achieve better patient outcomes. This study provides a general definition, diagnosis, treatment, and course of cancer and attempts to determine whether it is beneficial or harmful to humans.

A statistical fuzzy clustering approach to analyze the characteristics of the number of new cancer cases in Asia for Health

Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in an organ of the human body. Asia is the continent that has the most significant number of new cases of cancer, with a percentage of 49.3% of the number of cancer patients in the world. Preventive action to deal with the spread of cancer is the responsibility of the government to improve the quality of health in the country, so it is necessary to take action to prevent the spread of cancer and help archieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the third point in the field of health. One of them is by determining the characteristics of the cancer and clustering countries in Asia based on their characteristics. This article will discuss the clustering of countries in Asia using fuzzy clustering in the form of fuzzy k-means, fuzzy Gustafson-Kessel babushka and fuzzy k-medoids. the results obtained from the analysis show that using fuzzy k-means will have a more excellent fuzzy silhouette index value compared to fuzzy Gustafson-Kessel babushka and fuzzy k-medoids, which is 0.6313.

Assess the Attitudes of Cancer Patients Attending Oncology Clinics in Several Iraqi Governorates on the use of Chemotherapy, as well as their Awareness of its Side Effects

Background: Cancers are a class of illnesses characterized by the unchecked growth and spread of abnormal cells. Death may ensue if the metastasis, or the spread of cancer cells at this point, is not stopped. Methods & patients: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, one hundred patients participated, carried out in the oncology department at Salah Al Deen general hospital in Salah al Deen governorate and Baquba general hospital in Diyala governorate from 23 October 2022to23 February 2023, key inclusion criteria involved the oncology clinic sees all cancer patients, including inpatient and outpatient. who received chemotherapy. Results: It was observed through our study thatmost of participants were female (72%) and only 28% were male. About 72%, 64%, 58%, 56% of participants knew that chemotherapy could cause alopecia, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite respectively. A50% of cancerd patient participate in these study who received chemotherapy got their information from their friends , 42% of participants received their information from doctor and only 8% of participants received their information from pharmacists Conclusion: The current study concluded that approximately more than half of the participants have acceptable knowledge about potential side effects of chemotherapy, but most of the participants were informed by their friends more than their doctor regarding side effects of chemotherapy. Aim of study: The purpose of the study is to look into and determine how cancer patients in particular Iraqi governorates feel about using chemotherapy and how informed they are of its side effects.

Cancer Patients' Satisfaction with Health Care Services Provided by National Cancer Teaching Hospital Professionals

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
 The study was carried out by choosing 250 patients who visited the National Cancer Teaching Hospital were chosen for a non-probability sampling technique (purposive sample) based on standards for treatment, follow-up, or both. The study's results showed that significant partial satisfaction with care among patients is consistent with our hypothesis about hospital healthcare services. Medical services and public facilities are among the most important things that determine and affect people’s satisfaction. Women are more likely to get cancer and breast cancer is the most common type.

Predicting life expectancy of lung cancer patients after thoracic surgery using SMOTE and machine learning approaches

. Lung cancer is a life-threatening condition characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the lungs. Thoracic surgery is a commonly employed diagnostic and treatment procedure for lung cancer. The objective of this study is to utilize machine learning techniques to predict the life expectancy of lung cancer patients one year after thoraric surgery. The study utilizes the Thoraric Surgery Data Set, consisting of 454 data, with 385 data representing surviving patients and 69 data representing patients who passed away. Due to an imbalance in the data, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) process is applied to balance the dataset. Multiple machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), are employed for prediction. Validation is performed using 5-fold cross validation, repeated three times. The results indicate that the KNN model achieves the highest mean accuracy of 84.80% before the SMOTE process, although all models exhibit a low mean F1-score. Following the SMOTE process, the RF model attains the highest mean accuracy of 79.52%, while the KNN model demonstrates the highest mean F1-score of 26.54%. This research contributes valuable insights to clinicians in making informed decisions and improving patient outcomes.

Numerical Solution for Fractional-Order Mathematical Model of Immune-Chemotherapeutic Treatment for Breast Cancer Using Modified Fractional Formula

Cancer is a complex and diverse group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. Tumors, which are commonly associated with cancer, refer to abnormal masses of tissue that can develop in various organs or tissues. Cancer can arise from almost any cell type in the body and can affect different organs and systems. The disease occurs when the normal processes of cell division and growth go awry, leading to the formation of malignant tumors. These tumors have the potential to invade nearby tissues and spread to distant parts of the body through a process known as metastasis. In this paper, we aim to present a numerical solution for a recent fractional-order model related to Immune-Chemotherapeutic Treatment for Breast Cancer (ICT) using a novel numerical scheme called the Modified Fractional Euler Method (MFEM). We will also compare our proposed scheme with the traditional numerical scheme, Fractional Euler Method (FEM), through numerical simulations.

EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CERVICAL CANCER AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE GIRLS IN SELECTED NURSING COLLEGE, LUCKNOW

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy and health problem in women of all sections of society. Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cervical cancer is the most common cause of death among women worldwide, with about 570, 000 cases and 311,000 deaths, despite the fact that cervical cancer is preventable. It ranks as the first most frequent cancer among women between 21 – 44 yr of age. Methods: A quantitative study was carried out in 35 adolescent girls and the non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of the subjects and the college. The data was collected through of using a structured knowledge questionnaire. A structured teaching program was developed and administered to the reproductive age girls (17-35 years). Results: The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that after the intervention the mean and standard deviation of the post-test knowledge was 17.65±2.11 being compared to mean and standard deviation of pre-test knowledge 7.2±2.35. The enhancement of knowledge score is the mean difference 10.54. It indicates that there was a significant improvement in the level of knowledge of participants. The calculated t- value (6.57) on analysis of the data was found to be significant at p value 0.05. Conclusions: The study concluded that a structured teaching programme was significant effective to improving the level of knowledge of cervical cancer.

The Role of Natural Flavonoids as Telomerase Inhibitors in Suppressing Cancer Growth.

Cancer is a complex and multifaceted group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. While cancer can be challenging and life-altering, advances in research and development have led to the identification of new promising anti-cancer targets. Telomerase is one such target that is overexpressed in almost all cancer cells and plays a critical role in maintaining telomere length, which is essential for cell proliferation and survival. Inhibiting telomerase activity can lead to telomere shortening and eventual cell death, thus presenting itself as a potential target for cancer therapy. Naturally occurring flavonoids are a class of compounds that have already been shown to possess different biological properties, including the anti-cancer property. They are present in various everyday food sources and richly present in fruits, nuts, soybeans, vegetables, tea, wine, and berries, to name a few. Thus, these flavonoids could inhibit or deactivate telomerase expression in cancer cells by different mechanisms, which include inhibiting the expression of hTERT, mRNA, protein, and nuclear translocation, inhibiting the binding of transcription factors to hTERT promoters, and even telomere shortening. Numerous cell line studies and in vivo experiments have supported this hypothesis, and this development could serve as a vital and innovative therapeutic option for cancer. In this light, we aim to elucidate the role of telomerase as a potential anti-cancer target. Subsequently, we have illustrated that how commonly found natural flavonoids demonstrate their anti-cancer activity via telomerase inactivation in different cancer types, thus proving the potential of these naturally occurring flavonoids as useful therapeutic agents.

Assessment and Associated Factors of Suicidal Behaviour Among Cancer Patients Visiting the Oncology Outpatient Unit in Mekelle Oncologic Clinics, Tigray, Ethiopia: A cross−Sectional Study

Background: Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. According to estimates from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, there will be 17.0 million new cancer cases in 2018 worldwide. Depression, age, sex, divorced, and hopelessness are of most factors can patient with cancer result in suicidal behaviour. The purpose of this study is to identify and associated factors of suicidal behaviour among cancer patients in Mekelle, Ethiopia. Methods: the cross-sectional study design was conducted with a total of 345 study subjects in Mekelle, Ethiopia. Suicidal behaviour was assessed by the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scale tool. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine between the explanatory and outcome variables. Results: the magnitude of suicidal behaviour was 20%. Previously suicidal attempt [AOR = 31.466, 95% CI (14.552, 68.042), P < 0.0001] was associated factor whereas no comorbid physical illness [AOR =.0.363, 95% (0. 164, 0.806)] and current treatment regimen (surgery, radiotherapy and palliative care) were significantly protective factors for suicidal behavior. Conclusion: no comorbid physical illness, suicide attempt and current treatment regimen were significant factors of suicidal behaviour. Oncologic professionals should assess patient suicidal risk assessment routinely and every professional focuses on management besides the medication.

NLP and oral health information.

NLP and oral health information.

Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Metabolism and Their Cellular Cycles

Cancer is a prevalent disease, with 1,752,735 new cases reported to the CDC in 2019. The disease is characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Current treatments for cancer can affect the whole body and have detrimental effects. Cancer cells are often programmed metabolically. In recent years, treatments to undermine this metabolic reprogramming have come to the forefront. In this review, we explore some of the molecular mechanisms underlying certain dietary interventions and critical metabolic pathways. Dietary interventions such as chronic calorie restriction (CR) and fasting have been shown to aid in adjusting metabolic reprogramming to help in reducing cancer progression. Other dietary interventions target amino acid (AA) metabolism. Essential AAs are only consumed from the diet and their restriction has been shown to work as a treatment in mice. Lastly, central carbon metabolism includes the TCA cycle and glycolysis, both commonly reprogrammed pathways in cancer cells. Other dietary interventions and the reprogramming of these pathways can be used to treat cancer in other ways, such as knocking out genes and cell cycle arrest.

Metabolic pathways inhibitors can affect the therapeutic efficiency of doxorubicin

Cancers are a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and the spread of abnormal cells . Colon cancer (CC) is one of the most aggressive tumor that leading to death in the world In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of different combinations of 2-deoxy-d-glucose, metformin, and doxorubicin on colon cancer cells viability. Results revealed a significant decrease in colon cancer viability after the treatment with combinations of (2-DG- metformin, 2-DG – Dox , and 2-DG- metformin - Dox) at certain concentrations.

Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan melalui Promosi Kesehatan Penyakit Keganasan pada Anak di SMAN Titian Teras Jambi

Malignant disease, or more commonly known as cancer, is a disease characterized by the growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. Malignant disease in children, although rare, is the second leading cause of death in children in developed countries after accidents. Data from the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), there are about 176,000 children worldwide who are diagnosed with cancer each year. In Indonesia, there are about 11,000 cases of childhood cancer every year. Recognizing the signs of malignancy at an early age can increase the cure rate and life expectancy of children who experience it. Therefore, it is necessary to provide knowledge to children about early detection and prevention of cancer in children. This activity is carried out by the method of providing health promotion in the form of counseling at SMAN Tititan Teras Jambi. This activity is carried out by the method of counseling. The activity has been carried out in October 2021. The output of this activity is an increase in student knowledge. The results of the activity evaluation, it was found that there were differences in the level of knowledge of students who were given counseling with students who were not given counseling (scores of 7.03 and 5.63, respectively). Increasing knowledge is expected to improve student attitude and behavior to recognize early signs & symptoms of malignancy, so that diagnosisand management can be carried out quickly & precisely

A Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Support Vector Machine for X-ray Computed Tomography Images on CancerA Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Support Vector Machine for X-ray Computed Tomography Images on Cancer

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a major health problem not only in Indonesia but also throughout the world. Cancer is the growth and spread of abnormal cells that have distinctive characteristics, that if can no longer be controlled will usually cause death. The number of deaths due to cancer is generally caused by late diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. To reduce mortality from cancer, it is necessary to strive for early detection and monitoring of cancer in patients undergoing therapy. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as one of machine learning methods are designed to produce or process data from two dimensions that have a network tier and many applications carried out in the image. Moreover, support vector machines (SVMs) as a hypothetical space in the form of linear functions feature have high dimensions and trained algorithm based on optimization theory. AIM: In connection with the above, this paper discusses the role of the machine learning technique named a hybrid CNN-SVM. METHODS: The proposed method is used in the detection and monitoring of cancers by determining the classification of cancers in X-ray computed tomography (CT) patients’ images. Several types of cancer that used for determination in detection and monitoring of cancers diagnosis are also discussed in this paper, such as lung, liver, and breast cancer. RESULTS: From the discussion, the results show that the combining model of hybrid CNN-SVM has the best performance with 99.17% accuracy value. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be concluded that machine learning plays a very important role in the detection and management of cancer treatment through the determination of classification of cancers in X-ray CT patients’ images. As the proposed method can detect cancer cells with an effective mechanism of action so can has the potential to inhibit in the future studies with more extensive data materials and various diseases.

Cuidado realizado por enfermeiro não especialista em oncologia ao cliente oncológico hospitalizado: Revisão integrativa

O câncer se caracteriza pelo crescimento descontrolado e disseminação de células anormais no organismo, cujas causas podem estar associadas a fatores externos ou internos em crescente incidência. Com isso, os profissionais de saúde ainda pecam aos cuidados devido à falta de conhecimento no manejo da doença. Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre o cuidado realizado por enfermeiro não especialista em oncologia ao cliente oncológico hospitalizado. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, utilizando quatro bases de dados: Pubmed, Scielo, Cinahl e Lilacs para a seleção de estudos em português, inglês e espanhol, dos anos de 2008 a 2018. Resultados: Constitui uma amostra final de nove artigos. Após análise, emergiram as seguintes categorias: intervenções no tratamento quimioterápico; cuidados com feridas tumorais; conforto ao paciente/família; atendimento às necessidades específicas do cliente; busca de qualidade de vida ao portador de doença oncológica; apoio espiritual/ religioso, emocional; elaboração do cuidado e subconjunto terminológico para melhorias do processo de enfermagem; busca pela minimização da dor relacionada às feridas tumorais; cuidados paliativos, prevenção do sofrimento e ressignificação da gerência do cuidado. Conclusão: Enfermeiros não especialistas realizam diversos cuidados oncológicos. Entretanto, desconhecem seu protagonismo como agente de mudanças, caracterizando lacunas nessa temática. Esta pesquisa é relevante para a Enfermagem, por minimizar dicotomias entre teoria/prática e qualidade de vida dos clientes. Destaca-se a Educação Permanente como ferramenta potente para qualificação e otimização do cuidado. Ressalta-se a necessidade de mais pesquisas e estudos.