Recent initiatives covered in this review can be divided into three broad categories. The first category concerns mathematically describing the spray drying process using a plug-flow model which allows quick what-if evaluations of the process. Intricacies associated with capturing the drying of a range of droplet sizes are discussed. Challenges in adapting the plug-flow simulation approach to counter-current spray drying, which is common in the production of non-heat sensitive detergent powder, was further elaborated. The second broad category features modeling the spray drying process using the Computational Fluid Dynamics technique. A critical review was provided to guide readers on a common dilemma plaguing this area of spray drying modeling. Recent developments in agglomeration modeling in spray dryers are discussed as well. The final part of this review touches on modeling techniques which can be used to predict the development of specific powder qualities. This includes modeling the degree of protein denaturation during spray drying, predicting the characteristics of crystalline type spray dried powder, and determining the properties of the powder surface at the molecular scale.