Spousal Consent Research Articles

Legality and Conditions of Polygyny in Afghanistan Legal System

Marriage, a cornerstone of social institution, is conventionally practiced through monogamy. However, Afghanistan presents an exception, permitting men to marriage in polygyny under specific conditions. The Afghan Civil Code delineates the framework for polygyny, emphasizing justifiable treatment of wives, financial capacity to support them(alimony), and the fulfillment of legitimate expediency. This research engages a descriptive research design and utilizes qualitative methods to gather data from primary and secondary library sources. The main objective of this study is to illuminate the legal framework and conditions governing polygyny in Afghanistan. The findings indicate that polygyny is not an illegitimate practice but is subject to stringent regulations. Incorporating spousal consent into these considerations could potentially mitigate future family conflicts.

Significance of Spousal Consent in a Loan Agreement as The Enforcement of Joint Asset Provisio

Joint asset causes legal consequences in entering into a loan agreement and its accessor, collateral agreement. These legal consequences shall arise as spousal consent is necessary in entering into such agreement. However, many collateral agreements are arranged without a spousal consent. The purpose of this writing to find out the legal consequences of collateral agreements which are entered into only by one of the parties, husband or wife, over the joint assets and responsibility(s) of the Notary Public and Land Deed Official Certifier (“Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah/ PPAT”) regarding the agreement. This study utilizes normative juridical approach which was carried out by examining data from legal norms in the society, including laws and regulations. Based on its characteristic, this research is a descriptive study. The result of this study is agreement remains binding on the joint asset despite the collateral agreement being entered into without spousal consent. Meanwhile, the responsibility of the Notary Public and PPAT if they are proven to neglect their obligation is considered unlawfulacts.

‘We had that abortion together’: abortion networks and access to il/legal abortions in Turkey

Abortion was legalised in Turkey in 1983 with a 10-week limit, restrictions on who could provide abortions, and spousal or parental consent requirements. Currently, although abortion is legal, because of structural barriers, access is restricted (O’Neil, Altuntaş, and Keskin 2020). This study aimed to investigate how women strategically mobilise their social networks to overcome such restrictions to abortion care. Drawing from 25 in-depth interviews with urban-educated cis-women aged 24-30, I identify three groups within abortion networks: included, excluded and ambiguous. While included groups comprised largely of female family and friends, excluded groups were male family members and organisations, and the ambiguous category included health professionals and partners. Supporting findings in other contexts, individuals initially utilise their abortion networks to access the provider, they then build abortion solidarity networks to act as buffers against groups they wish to exclude during the abortion experience. Additionally, I show that excluded and ambiguous networks also impact abortion access, decision-making, and experience, even pushing individuals to follow through with illegal or semi-legal abortion procedures. Findings draw attention to the structural boundaries surrounding abortion laws, how patriarchal institutions make access to abortion care and abortion networks challenging, and how social networks may be utilised to alleviate such obstacles.

The influence of product quality, prices, and promotions on buyer decisions in the Small and Medium industry handicrafts of Tanjungpinang City

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to Analyse the impact of promotions, pricing, and product quality on consumer choices in Tanjungpinang City's small and medium-sized handicraft industry. The goal of the study is to comprehend how these variables influence consumers' decision-making processes and, in turn, influence the purchases that they make.
 Research methodology: The study used a mixed methods research approach with structural equation modeling and partial least squares data analysis.
 Results: Results show that product variables have a significant influence on purchase decisions, price variables have a very significant influence, and variable promotion has no significant influence.
 Limitations: Acknowledging the evolving nature of legal landscapes, this study recognizes the temporal constraints that may impact the generalizability of its findings. Additionally, variations in legal interpretations across regions may influence the outcomes.
 Contribution: This research contributes a nuanced exploration of the legal dimensions surrounding spousal consent in land transfers from jointly owned property, specifically within the context of unregistered marriages. The insights provided serve as a foundation for legal practitioners, policymakers, and scholars grappling with similar issues.
 Implementation: The quality of service also has a major impact on buying decisions, and the quality of the product, which is mediated by the quality of the service, has a major impact on purchasing decisions. The quality of service also acts as a mediator in the price of a product; however, promotion is not greatly affected by service quality.

Addressing barriers to accessing family planning services using mobile technology intervention among internally displaced persons in Abuja, Nigeria

Inadequate access to sexual and reproductive health services is prevalent among women of reproductive age in internally displaced people's camps. To address this, we implemented a mobile technology intervention, known as the Linking Underserved Populations to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services, in the Wassa Internally Displaced People's camp, Abuja, Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the impact of the Linking Underserved Populations to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Intervention in improving sexual and reproductive health services among women of reproductive age in Wassa Internally Displaced People's camp. A baseline survey was conducted among 105 women of reproductive age in the Wassa camp, followed by the deployment of the Linking Underserved Populations to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services intervention, which delivered family planning messages to camp residents between September 2020 and June 2021. This was followed by an endline survey. The FP utilization data in the camp health post were mined during the period of the intervention and were analyzed using Stata version 15 with a chi-square test performed at a significance level of 5%. Awareness of family planning among women of reproductive age in Wassa camp increased from 54.2% at baseline to 98% at endline. The major reason for refusal of family planning at baseline, which was a lack of spousal consent reduced from 29.5% to 7% at endline. Contraceptive prevalence rate increased from 18.1% at baseline to 26.2% at endline. In addition, 133 new family planning users were recorded at the endline. The uptake of family planning services recorded a strong association with family planning consultations (P<.05; χ2=6.41) and receipt of bulk short message service (P<.05; χ2=4.90). Mobile technology interventions are a recommended strategy that can increase family planning awareness and address barriers to family planning uptake.

Attitudes of medical students towards the ethical and legal aspects of abortion: a cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia

Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy which is a crucial issue to be addressed by multiple regulating systems such as health care providers and policy makers. The main aim of the study was to assess the attitudes of medical students in Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal university towards abortion in different circumstances. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which a 20-items online questionnaire was distributed through social media platforms to medical students. The results of the study showed that the majority of the students believe abortion should be determined by law, religion and spousal consent. The majority as well support abortion in cases of endangered mother’s life, fetal life compromise and rape victims. However, they were against abortion in cases of financial incapacity of the parents and cases of unplanned pregnancy. The results of the study can be applied to improve medical education of abortion. More studies in this field of research are recommended for the purpose of providing more inclusive assessment of abortion attitudes in different medical education settings.

Comparison of the Sublingual and Vaginal Misoprostol for Medical Termination of Pregnancy in Cases of First and Second Trimester Abortion: A Quasi Experimental Study

Objective: To compare the success rate of sublingual and vaginal Misoprostol for medical termination of pregnancy in the first and second trimesters.&#x0D; Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Combined Military Hospital, Malir Pakistan, from May 2019 to Nov 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: Two hundred patients in their first or second trimester of pregnancy with different indications for termination of pregnancy were included through consecutive sampling. Spousal consent was also taken along with wife consent. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. Group-A received sublingual Misoprostol 600 mcg stat followed by 400 mcg four hourly and group-B received the same dose of Misoprostol vaginally. The success rate was assessed through complete termination of pregnancy within 72 hours. Age, parity, induction to expulsion interval (IEI) and each patient's medical history was also noted.&#x0D; Results: After 24 hours success rate was 93% in the sublingual group compared to 78% in the vaginal group. After 48 hours sublingual group achieved a 100% success rate compared to 84% in the vaginal group, which was improved to 92% after 72 hours. The difference in success rates of both groups remained significant at 24, 48 and 72 hours IEI (p-value = 0.003, p-value &lt;0.001, p-value=0.004 respectively).&#x0D; Conclusion: Both sublingually and misoprostol are effective for medical termination of pregnancy in the first and second trimesters. However, the sublingual route showed clear supremacy over the vaginal route, as evident by success rates in the present study.

Modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women in Benin: a mixed-methods study

ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess the determinants of modern contraceptive method use among young women in Benin.DesignA mixed-methods design.Setting and participantsWe used the Benin 2017–2018 Demographic and Health Survey datasets...

An Assessment of Women’s Experiences and Challenges Faced with Post Abortion Care (PAC) Services in Buea

Background: Unsafe abortion is one of the commonest causes of maternal mortality and post-abortion care services have been acclaimed as the best remedy for this situation. Yet, high maternal mortality still prevails pointing to issues with the quality of services. The paper was designed to investigate women's motives for engaging in unsafe abortion; assess women's experiences on the quality of PAC services and identify the challenges women faced in accessing PAC services in Buea.&#x0D; Methods: This study recruited 10 participants in Buea. Using a structured interview, data was collected on women's motives for engaging in unsafe abortion; assess women's experiences on the quality of PAC services, and identify the challenges women faced in accessing PAC services in Buea. Thematic and grounded theory analytical techniques were used to organize and interpret the data.&#x0D; Results: Majority of women in Buea did not use contraceptives for different reasons ranging from personal, spousal consent, ignorance, and the fear of side effects of contraceptive use. The low contraceptive use accounts highly for unwanted pregnancy cases which results in the decisions to induce. Most of these women involuntarily engage in induced abortion, highly driven by second party influence like the request from spouse/partner, disappointment from the spouse, and fear of parents’ reactions; while some occur as a result of missed abortion. The quality of PAC services received by most of these women were merely emergency treatments without proper PAC activities like family planning counseling, provision of modern contraceptive methods, linkages to other reproductive health care services. Women in Buea encounter some challenges in the use of PAC services, pains associated with the procedure, the cost, the absence of some family planning methods, the absence of counselling before PAC and above all, non constant availability of blood in the bood bank for transfusion.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study concluded that most women in Buea engage in induced abortion on account of the pressure to terminate an unwanted pregnancy; resulting from low contraceptives use; desire to avoid problems from their spouses/partners as well as to pursue career ambition. Moreover, the quality of PAC services offered to women in Buea was emergency treatment; void of important aspects like family planning services, linkage to other reproductive health care services, and facilitating their social reinsertion and preventing future induce abortion.

On the Prospects for the Development of the Institution of Joint&#x0D; Property of Spouses

Introduction. The review presents A. A. Dobrovinsky’s monograph “Problems of property relations in&#x0D; family law of the Russian Federation: theory, practice and law reform” (Moscow: Eksmo, 2020. 208 p.),&#x0D; devoted to theoretical and practical problems of the legal regime of marital property. The monograph&#x0D; illuminated a number of topical and problem issues of the theory and practice of family disputes concerning common property of spouses, such that circumvented proper attention in the science of family law and cause&#x0D; significant difficulties in the judicial practice: the issues of presumption of spousal consent for the transaction&#x0D; with the common property and the fixing of this agreement, especially in business assets, stocks and shares&#x0D; and also “beneficial ownership” of spouses. Conclusion. The monograph can be recommended not only for the&#x0D; purposes of further development of the science of family law, but also for family law and law enforcement.&#x0D; Written in a lively and clear language, with a remarkable logic of presentation, it is undoubtedly also&#x0D; recommended for use in the educational process, as an indicator of the current state of disputes over the&#x0D; division of marital property.

Problems of Interpretation of Paragraph 2 of Article 35 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation in Russian Legal Science and Jurisprudence

The paper analyzes the issues of interpretation and application of the presumption of spousal consent in transactions involving the common property of spouses. Presumption of spousal consent to carry out transactions with common property is considered in the context of its correlation with the principle of equality of spouses, including property relations. The paper deals with the jurisprudence on this issue, including the decisions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The author has determined practical problems in the field of application of this rule of law. The author comes to the conclusion that the legal regulation of the legal regime of property of spouses, in force at present, has a number of shortcomings that not only violate the rights of co-owners of the specified property, but also, in our view, are often contrary to the law. In particular, the current jurisprudence with regard to paragraph 1 of section 2 of Article 35 of the RF Family Code contradicts both the constitutional rule enshrined in Article 35 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation providing for the protection of the interests of the owner and the norms of the Family Code of the Russian Federation establishing the principle of equality of spouses in property relations (Articles 21, 31, 35). The paper gives reasonable proposals to improve the legislation. To this end, the author suggests the following wording for Paragraph 1 of Section 2 of Article 35 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation: “When one of the spouses carries out a transaction in the administration of the common property of the spouses, it is assumed that one spouse acts with the consent of the other spouse. This assumption applies exclusively to the legal relationship of spouses with third parties.”

A Scoping Review of the Health of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Women in Africa.

Armed conflict and internal displacement of persons create new health challenges for women in Africa. To outline the research literature on this population, we conducted a review of studies exploring the health of internally displaced persons (IDP) women in Africa. In collaboration with a health research librarian and a review team, a search strategy was designed that identified 31 primary research studies with relevant evidence. Studies on the health of displaced women have been conducted in South- Central Africa, including Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC); and in Eastern, East central Africa, and Western Africa, including Eritrea, Uganda, and Sudan, Côte d’Ivoire, and Nigeria. We identified violence, mental health, sexual and reproductive health, and malaria and as key health areas to explore, and observed that socioeconomic power shifts play a crucial role in predisposing women to challenges in all four categories. Access to reproductive health services was influenced by knowledge, geographical proximity to health services, spousal consent, and affordability of care. As well, numerous factors affect the mental health of internally displaced women in Africa: excessive care-giving responsibilities, lack of financial and family support to help them cope, sustained experiences of violence, psychological distress, family dysfunction, and men’s chronic alcoholism. National and regional governments must recommit to institutional restructuring and improved funding allocation to culturally appropriate health interventions for displaced women.

Unmet need for family planning and barriers to contraceptive use in Kaduna, Nigeria: culture, myths and perceptions

In 2017, just one-fifth of all married women of reproductive age reported using contraception in Kaduna state, Nigeria, while many more experienced unmet need for contraception. These realities drive risky fertility behaviours and compromise reproductive rights. This study explored the determinants of low modern contraceptive uptake and persistent unmet need among women in the state. Nine focus group discussions were conducted with married women who met study criteria for unmet need, and who had different levels of access to contraception. Discussions confirmed that many women in Kaduna do not feel empowered to make contraceptive decisions. Yet there is a growing preference for smaller families and decreased stigmatisation of contracepting women. Barriers at home, in the community and in health facilities impose a ceiling on the extent to which women’s fertility desires may be achieved. These include cultural, normative, social and financial factors, such as the need for husband’s permission to access services, service providers’ insistence on spousal consent, subtle and overt pressures to use folkloric approaches by religious leaders, and high real, or perceived, out-of-pocket costs. These findings suggest that Kaduna is on the cusp of social change and study findings can be translated into programmatic interventions to improve voluntary uptake of contraception.

Sociocultural factors in access to contraception by Palestine refugees in Jordan: a qualitative study

BackgroundMaternal mortality rates in Palestine refugees in Jordan increased by 16% between 2013 and 2016. Action is needed to prevent future maternal deaths. Risk factors for maternal mortality are a young mother (below 20 years of age) and pregnancies that are close together (interval of less than 18 months), which can be prevented through the use of contraception. Contraceptive discontinuation rates increased among Palestine refugees in Jordan by 3% between 2015 and 2016. Sociocultural factors are important in access to contraception. This study assesses sociocultural barriers and opportunities to accessing contraception among Palestine refugees in Jordan. MethodsFocus group discussions were conducted in June, 2017, with female and male patients and health-care workers in rural and urban communities in Jordan. Patients were selected using opportunistic sampling at health centres; health centres and health-care workers were selected using purposive sampling. Only participants who signed the informed consent form were included. Discussions were moderated by a local researcher, tape-recorded, transcribed, translated, and analysed with MaxQDA. Analysis was conducted by two researchers independently using predetermined and emergent themes. Approval was obtained from the UNRWA Ethics Office. Findings12 discussions were conducted with 84 participants, seven participants per discussion; 40 females, 27 males, and 17 health workers with an age range of 18–67 years. Perceived barriers to accessing or using contraception included husband or family-in-law opposition to contraception use; preferences in terms of the sex of children; pride in having many children; fear of infertility; incorrect use of contraception; a lack of health-care workers to provide contraception; reluctance of staff to provide contraception to females without spousal consent; and costs involved in using contraception. Perceived benefits included the financial advantage of a smaller family; and birth spacing for women's mental and physical health. InterpretationDespite the use of opportunistic sampling, this study shows that both sociocultural barriers and benefits to accessing contraception exist for Palestine refugees in Jordan. More resources are needed to improve access by further researching sociocultural dynamics related to contraception use. FundingShare-Net International, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), the Netherlands.

Her Uterus, Her Medical Decision? Dismantling Spousal Consent for Medically Indicated Hysterectomies in Saudi Arabia.

Against the background of a recommended hysterectomy, this article examines the current requirement in Saudi Arabia for the husband's consent for any medical procedure that affects the reproductive ability of his wife. The history and background of this decree is explained, along with the major arguments for its support. Additionally, the legitimacy of the requirement is discussed from the Islamic and legal perspectives. Special attention is given to relevant cultural considerations, such as the family unit, the medical community, and the larger Saudi society. Arguments advocating for discontinuing the requirement are offered along with measures to implement in order to overcome this social artifact.

My Gametes, My Right? The Politics of Involving Donors' Partners in Egg and Sperm Donation

Gamete donation offers a unique opportunity to compare men and women's relationships to reproductive decision-making, unlike other reproductive processes, which typically involve women's bodies much more asymmetrically. I address medical and reproductive decision-making by examining how a gamete donor's partner may be involved in the donation process. Some countries explicitly involve a donor's partner by legally requiring spousal consent for donation, but this is not the case for the U.S. In the absence of any formal regulation, what are the expectations for involving a donor's partner? Through a content analysis of materials from donation programs across the U.S., I examine how donation programs configure the partner's role. Overall, I find that there are quite different expectations for partner involvement in egg versus sperm donation. Such differences, I argue, both stem from and reinforce existing issues navigating boundaries between intimate relationships and women's medical and reproductive autonomy.

Relevancia procesal del fracaso de las relaciones interpersonales en el matrimonio

The main purpose of this paper is to offer an apt account of the breakdown in interpersonal relationships within the context of the canonical process for the declaration of marriage nullity. To this end, a comprehensive legal understanding of the nature and content of marriage «in fieri» and «in facto esse» is required, followed by an account of the declarative status of the process of nullity. A reading of recent papal teaching in this regard prompts the conclusion that the connection between marriage breakdown and the nullity process remains the same: love of truth; in other words, an inquiry into the truth concerning the issue of spousal consent as part of the annulment process. Furthermore, this view guards against misguided pastoral practices that may have been proposed by other scholars.

Attitudes toward Abortion among Providers of Reproductive Health Care

BackgroundAccess to abortion continues to decrease in the United States. The aim of this study was to explore attitudes toward abortion among clinicians who provide reproductive health care. MethodsClinician members of several reproductive health professional organizations completed a self-administered survey that assessed their attitudes toward abortion. ResultsA total of 278 clinicians who provided clinical reproductive health services within the United States were included. Nearly all strongly agreed that abortion should be available in cases of rape (89.6%), incest (89.2%), life endangerment (93.2%), health endangerment (91.0%), and fetal anomaly (85.9%). Although most strongly disagreed that spousal notification (81.3%) and spousal consent (86.6%) should be required for married women, fewer strongly disagreed that parental notification (57.6%) and parental consent (66.9%) should be required for minors. Respondents were generally supportive of private insurance coverage (70.1% strongly agreed) and Medicaid coverage (65.0% strongly agreed) for abortion services. Support for legal abortion and public funding of abortion were significantly associated with being female (both p ≤ .03) and having no personal religious affiliation (both p ≤ .04). Younger respondents and men were more supportive of third-party involvement and mandatory counseling (all p ≤ .02). Abortion providers were significantly more supportive of abortion access (legality of abortion, public and private funding, no third-party involvement, and no mandated counseling) than nonproviders (all p < .001). ConclusionsAlthough reproductive health care providers were generally supportive of legal abortion and funding for abortion, lower support among younger respondents may indicate future difficulties in maintaining a clinical workforce that is willing to provide abortion care.

Factors Influencing the Uptake of Modern Family Planning Methods among Women of Reproductive Age in A Rural Community in Lagos State

Aims: Pregnancies which are too many, too early and too frequent result in maternal/child morbidity and mortality. Delivery of effective family planning services has a direct impact on maternal/child wellbeing. Though awareness of modern contraceptive methods was high, the uptake rate remained low in Agbowa Ikosi, like in many rural communities of the country. This study was therefore conducted to determine the knowledge, prevalence and factors influencing the uptake of modern family planning among women of reproductive age in Agbowa community in Lagos state. Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among women of reproductive age group in Agbowa community, Epe Local Government area of Lagos State, Nigeria, between February and July 2013. Methodology: A household survey of 220 women aged between 15-49 years was undertaken at Agbowa community in Lagos, Nigeria, to determine their knowledge, practice and factors influencing the use of modern family planning methods. Data was collected using a pretested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: The ages of study participants ranged from 15-49 years with a mean age of 28.42±7.5 years. The majority 192 (87.3%) were married, and 183 (83.2%) were aware of family planning. The commonest source of information about contraceptives was from health workers 68 (30.9%). Despite the high level of awareness of modern family planning methods, the prevalence of contraception among the respondents was low (38.6%). The most popular contraceptive method known by respondents was the male condom 118 (64.5%). Overall, 5 (2.7%) of the respondents had good knowledge, 102 (55.8%) had fair and 76 (41.5%) had poor knowledge of family planning. The main reasons given for non-use were fear of side effects (56.3%), lack of spousal consent (48.9%) and desire for more children (48.9%). The significant socio-demographic determinants of contraceptives uptake were marital status, religion and nature of work (p<0.05). Conclusion: Contraceptives usage remains poor despite high level of awareness. Effective educational and counseling interventions are required to improve women’s knowledge and subsequent uptake of contraceptive usage.

Attitudes toward abortion among providers of reproductive health care

Abstract Background Access to abortion continues to decrease in the United States. The aim of this study was to explore attitudes toward abortion among clinicians who provide reproductive health care. Methods Clinician members of several reproductive health professional organizations completed a self-administered survey that assessed their attitudes toward abortion. Results A total of 278 clinicians who provided clinical reproductive health services within the United States were included. Nearly all strongly agreed that abortion should be available in cases of rape (89.6%), incest (89.2%), life endangerment (93.2%), health endangerment (91.0%), and fetal anomaly (85.9%). Although most strongly disagreed that spousal notification (81.3%) and spousal consent (86.6%) should be required for married women, fewer strongly disagreed that parental notification (57.6%) and parental consent (66.9%) should be required for minors. Respondents were generally supportive of private insurance coverage (70.1% strongly agreed) and Medicaid coverage (65.0% strongly agreed) for abortion services. Support for legal abortion and public funding of abortion were significantly associated with being female (both p ≤ .03) and having no personal religious affiliation (both p ≤ .04). Younger respondents and men were more supportive of third-party involvement and mandatory counseling (all p ≤ .02). Abortion providers were significantly more supportive of abortion access (legality of abortion, public and private funding, no third-party involvement, and no mandated counseling) than nonproviders (all p Conclusions Although reproductive health care providers were generally supportive of legal abortion and funding for abortion, lower support among younger respondents may indicate future difficulties in maintaining a clinical workforce that is willing to provide abortion care.