Spotted Stem Borer Chilo Partellus Research Articles

Reviews on the Strategies Employed in Implementing the 'Push-Pull' Approach to Integrated Pest Management

Abstract: For small-holder maize farmers in Africa, the push-pull strategy is outlined as an alternate ecological management technique to traditional insecticide-based integrated pest management for the control of the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus and the autumn armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. Push-Pull Technology (abbreviated PPT) is a unique integrated pest management method developed by the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) and its partners. This tactic involves influencing the behavior of natural enemies and insect pests by strategically deploying stimuli that make the resource under protection unappealing or inappropriate for the pests (the "push"). Additionally, the pests are drawn to an alluring source the pull, from which they are then eliminated

Lifetables of <i>Chilo partellus</i> (Swinhoe) infesting rabi sorghum

This study on the sorghum spotted stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) was conducted at the Post Graduate Experimental Field of Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Campus Latur during 2020-21. The results revealed that C. partellus passed through three generations on rabi sorghum. The mortality in early instar larval stage was observed due to unknown reasons (17.24, 19.05 and 14.51%, respectively), Callibracon sp. (4.16, 11.76 and 8.33%, respectively) and Cotesia flavipes (8.69, 6.67 and 9.65%, respectively) in its first, second and third generations. The mortality in late instar larvae was also found owing to unknown reasons (19.4, 14.28, and 11.36%, respectively), Callibracon sp. (11.76, 12.49 and 11.43%, respectively) and C. flavipes (13.33, 14.28 and 10.26%, respectively) in the first, second and third generations. In first generation, the pupal mortality was not observed, and when noticed it was due to unknown reasons (11.11 and 16.12%, respectively) during second and third generations. The trend index and generation survival were 1.44 and 0.44; 1.48 and 0.38 and; 0 and 0.42 during first, second and third generations, respectively.

Invasive maize spotted stem borer Chilo partellus Swinhoe 1885 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the dominant pest in maize agro-system in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey

• C. partellus was major stem borer in first crop according to the relative abundances. • The relative abundance of maize stem borers was similar in the second crop maize. • Crop season is fundamental driving factor influencing the distribution of stem borers. The maize spotted stem borer Chilo partellus Swinhoe 1885 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was recorded for the first time in Turkey in 2014. This pest is described as invasive, especially in the current climate change dispensation. It is important to investigate the population dynamics of C. partellus for better management practices. We studied the species abundance distribution (SAD) models and some biodiversity indices of three major stem bores, C . partellus , Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides as these are the most common and major stem borers of maize in the Mediterranean Region. With the help of light traps, weekly catches of the three major maize stem borers were collected during two maize growing seasons (first cropping and second cropping seasons) in 2018 and 2019. The results showed that C . partellus emerged earlier (April-May) and was very dominant throughout the first cropping season of maize. Ostrinia nubilalis and S . nonagrioides emerged late in June-July, and its population remained low throughout the first cropping season. The population structure of all three stem borers was similar throughout the second cropping season of maize. The relative abundance (RA) of C . partellus was significantly higher than that of O . nubilalis and S . nonagrioides in the first cropping ( p < .0001) when compared to the second cropping season ( p > .05) for both years. In the first cropping season for both years, no SAD model fitted the observed species distribution, although Fisher’s log series was relatively similar. In the second cropping for both years, the geometric series distribution model fitted the observed SAD. The Berger-Parker dominance index was greater for the first cropping season than that of the second, whereas the opposite was true for the Simpson’s evenness and evenness of Pielou. High RA of C . partellus and the geometric series distribution observed in the second cropping are indicative of a possible dominant status of the C . partellus in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Our findings indicated that seasonality is a fundamental driving factor influencing the distribution of the three major stem borers of maize in the Mediterranean Region. In addition, the long and warmer winters could be the reason for the dominance of C . partellus as indicated by the diversity indices.

Evaluation of Aqueous Extracts of Neem kernels and leaves for the control of spotted stem borer Chilo partellus Swinhoe, in sorghum at New Halfa, Sudan

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different concentrations of aqueous extracts of Neem kernels (NK) and Neem leaves (NL) on the incidence and damage of spotted stem borer in sorghum during 2011/12-2012/13 seasons at New Halfa Research Station farm. Sorghum variety Tabat was used. The experiment was laid in a RCB design with four replicates and seven treatments. These were: NK at kg/ 30 and 40 Liter of water, NL at kg/15 and 20 Liter of water, Furadan10% G at 15kg/F and Malathion 57% EC at 2L/F as standard and the untreated control. A liquid soap was added to Neem treatments as an emulsifying agent. Three sprayings were applied using knapsack sprayer starting two weeks after emergence with 10 days intervals. Data on percent deadheart, percent leaf damage plants, percent stem tunneling, number of borer holes per plant and grain yield were recorded. Results indicated that, all treatments were highly significantly (P&gt;0.001) reduced stem borer damage and increased the grain yield compared to the untreated one. NK at kg/ 40 L of water was the best in reducing stem borer damage and increasing grain yield comparable to the standard treatment Furadan 10% G at 15 Kg/F.

Efficacy of Insecticides Against Sorghum Spotted Stem Borer &lt;i&gt;Chilo partellus&lt;/i&gt; (Swinhoe)

Efficacy of insecticides against spotted stem borer Chilo partellus (swinhoe) in sorghum was studied at the institutional farm, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18. Deadhearts were observed to be less with spinosad (4.0%) followed by carbofuran 3G (4.10%), chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (4.95) and chlorantraniliprole 0.4G (4.86) applied at 25 days after sowing. The least infestation at 40 days after sowing was observed with chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (6.2%), spinosad 45SC (7.0%), chlorantraniliprole 0.4G (7.3%) and carbofuran 3G @ 10 kg/ ha (8.0%). Lesser number of larvae in the stem tunnel were observed with chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC/0.4G, spinosad, carbofuran 3G, phorate 10G and flubendiamide. The incremental benefit cost ratio was maximum with carbofuran 3G (5.2:1), followed by chlorantraniliprole 0.4G (4.8:1) and chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (4.2:1).

Toxicological risk assessment of some commonly used insecticides on Cotesia flavipes, a larval parasitoid of the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus.

Cotesia flavipes Cameron is an important larval parasitoid exploited for the control of the spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Several studies have evaluated the toxic effects of insecticides on C. partellus, however, little is known about non-target effects of insecticides on this parasitoid, when used to control C. partellus. This laboratory study evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of twelve insecticides on C. flavipes. Residual toxicity tests showed that organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, triazophos and profenofos) exhibited highest contact toxicity to C. flavipes adults with a LC50 range from 0.63 to 1.05 mg a.i/l, while neonicotinoids (nitenpyram, acetamiprid and imidacloprid) were less toxic to C. flavipes with a LC50 range from 1.27 to 139.48 mg a.i/l. Sugar-insecticide feeding bioassays showed that organophosphates, pyrethroids (cypermethrin, bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin) and carbamates (thiodicarb, carbaryl and methomyl) were highly toxic to C. flavipes adults and caused 100% mortality at 48 h of exposure, while imidacloprid caused 66% mortality at 48 h of exposure. Risk quotient analysis showed that among all tested insecticides, imidacloprid and acetamiprid were less toxic to C. flavipes adults with a risk quotient value of 0.88 and 1.6, respectively. Furthermore, exposure of immature C. flavipes through their host bodies significantly decreased the parasitism rate at their F1 and F2 generations. Risk quotient analysis of insecticides indicated that imidacloprid and acetamiprid were the least toxic to C. flavipes. This study provides important information that will be used in incorporating the most suitable insecticides in integrated pest management programs with reduced negative impacts on non-target beneficial arthropods.

QTL Mapping of Traits Associated with Dual Resistance to the African Stem Borer (Busseola fusca) and Spotted Stem Borer (Chilo partellus) in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important food crop in semi-arid tropics. The crop grain yield ranges from 0.5 t/ha to 0.8 t/ha compared to potential yields of 10 t/ha. The African stem borer Busseola fusca Fuller (Noctuidae) and the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Crambidae), are among the most economically important insect pests of sorghum. The two borers can cause 15% - 80% grain yield loss in sorghum. Mapping of QTLs associated with resistance traits to the two stem borers is important towards marker-assisted breeding. The objective of this study was to map QTLs associated with resistance traits to B. fusca and C. partellus in sorghum. 243 F9:10 sorghum RILs derived from ICSV 745 (S) and PB 15520-1 (R) were selected for the study with 4,955 SNP markers. The RILs were evaluated in three sites. Data was collected on leaf feeding, deadheart, exit holes, stem tunnels, leaf toughness, seedling vigour, bloom waxiness, and leaf glossiness. ANOVA for all the traits was done using Genstat statistical software. Insect damage traits and morphological traits were correlated using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Genetic mapping was done using JoinMap 4 software, while QTL analysis was done using PLABQTL software. A likelihood odds ratio (LOD) score of 3.0 was used to declare linkage. Joint analyses across borer species and sites revealed 4 QTLs controlling deadheart formation; 6 controlling leaf feeding damage; 5 controlling exit holes and stem tunneling damages; 2 controlling bloom waxiness, leaf glossiness, and seedling vigour; 4 conditioning trichome density; and 6 conditioning leaf toughness. Joint analyses for B. fusca and C. partellus further revealed that marker CS132-2 colocalised for leaf toughness and stem tunneling traits on QTLs 1 and 2, respectively; thus, the two traits can be improved using the same linked marker. This study recommended further studies to identify gene(s) underlying the mapped QTLs.

Diversity of bacterial and fungal endophytes in maize and their larvicidal effect against the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to (i) determine the distribution of endophytes in selected genotypes, growth stages and parts of maize; (ii) evaluate the larvicidal effect of the endophytes against the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus and (iii) determine the level of colonisation of maize by endophytes. Compared with hybrid and landrace maize, open pollinated variety (OPV) maize exhibited a relatively diversified composition of endophytic bacteria. Among the 39 maize endophyte isolates screened for insecticidal antibiotic production, 11 (8 bacteria and 3 fungi) showed larvicidal activity against C. partellus. Isolate aueb-11 from the genus Bacillus showed the highest mortality (75.93%) against C. partellus. The bacterial isolates varied in terms of their activity to colonise the plant parts, and this was assessed using leaf and seed inoculation methods: in the foliar spray method, the maximum bacterial density recovered from the leaf and stem samples were 9.6 × 102 and 9.2 × 102 colony forming units per gram of sample, respectively. These effective isolates could be promising larvicide against C. partellus.

Efficacy of new insecticide molecules against spotted stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in maize

Efficacy of new insecticide molecules against spotted stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in maize

Resistance of Bt-maize (MON810) against the stem borers Busseola fusca (Fuller) and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and its yield performance in Kenya

A study was conducted to assess the performance of maize hybrids with Bt event MON810 (Bt-hybrids) against the maize stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) in a biosafety greenhouse (BGH) and against the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) under confined field trials (CFT) in Kenya for three seasons during 2013–2014. The study comprised 14 non-commercialized hybrids (seven pairs of near-isogenic Bt and non-Bt hybrids) and four non-Bt commercial hybrids. Each plant was artificially infested twice with 10 first instar larvae. In CFT, plants were infested with C. partellus 14 and 24 days after planting; in BGH, plants were infested with B. fusca 21 and 31 days after planting. In CFT, the seven Bt hybrids significantly differed from their non-Bt counterparts for leaf damage, number of exit holes, percent tunnel length, and grain yield. When averaged over three seasons, Bt-hybrids gave the highest grain yield (9.7 t ha−1), followed by non-Bt hybrids (6.9 t ha−1) and commercial checks (6 t ha−1). Bt-hybrids had the least number of exit holes and percent tunnel length in all the seasons as compared to the non-Bt hybrids and commercial checks. In BGH trials, Bt-hybrids consistently suffered less leaf damage than their non-Bt near isolines. The study demonstrated that MON810 was effective in controlling B. fusca and C. partellus. Bt-maize, therefore, has great potential to reduce the risk of maize grain losses in Africa due to stem borers, and will enable the smallholder farmers to produce high-quality grain with increased yield, reduced insecticide inputs, and improved food security.

Identification of new sorghum genotypes resistant to the African and spotted stemborers

Lepidopteran stemborers, mainly the African stemborer Busseola fusca Fuller and spotted stemborer Chilo partellus Swinhoe, are among the economically important pests of sorghum in Kenya. Identification of sources of resistance is valuable for the development of an integrated pest management strategy to minimize losses. This study evaluated 27 genotypes with artificial infestations (mostly for tolerance) in two different agroecological zones. Data on damage from leaf feeding, dead heart, exit holes, and stem tunnelling; plant height; days to 50% flowering; total grain yield; and hundred-grain mass were collected. Significant differences (P ICSB 464>ICSB 467>ICSA 472>ICSB 472>ICSA 473>ICSA 474>IESV 91131 DL>Macia. The relative contributions of the damage parameters to grain yield loss were partitioned into direct and indirect relationships by path coefficient analysis with grain yield as the resultant variable. The results revealed that damage from exit holes, dead heart, leaf feeding and stem tunnelling had a negative indirect effect on grain yield. The identified genotypes can be used to enhance resistance to both pests in susceptible cultivars that farmers prefer.

Development of transgenic Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench resistant to the Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

An Agrobacterium mediated gene transformation was developed in Sorghum for insect resistance using shoot apices. Sorghum spotted stem borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) is an important insect pest of sorghum which causes severe damage in many parts of the world. Sorghum plants were transformed with fully modified synthetic Cry1C coding sequences along with hpt and gus genes. The calli developed from shoot apices of APK 1 cultivar were inoculated with Agrobacterium strain. Embryogenic calli from the shoot apices were selected on the medium containing hygromycin B. A total of 76 hygromycin resistant plants were regenerated. PCR was performed to confirm the presence of the Cry1C gene. All the three putative transformants were found to be positive for the amplification of 1.9 kb Cry1C gene. A similar band was also observed in the positive plasmid control. Southern blot analysis of transformants confirmed integration of 2.9 kb Cry1C coding sequences into the sorghum genome. S1 progeny plants disclosed a monogenic pattern (3:1) of transgene segregation. The efficiency of transformation in our study was between 1.2%-3.9%. These transgenic lines were highly resistant to the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus as revealed by insect bioassay with 100% insect mortality rate.

Comparison of selection indices to identify sorghum genotypes resistant to the spotted stemborer Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The resistance or susceptibility of sorghum genotypes to damage by the spotted stemborer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) is commonly measured in terms of leaf damage, deadheart formation and stem tunnelling. Effect of the host plant on the insect survival and development (antibiosis) and the response of the plant to insect damage (tolerance or recovery resistance) are also important parameters for measuring host plant resistance to stemborers. We compared ten selection indices commonly used to select genotypes for tolerance/resistance to various stresses, namely functional plant loss index (FPLI), antibiosis index (ABI), mean productivity index (MPI), mean relative performance (MRP), relative efficiency index (REI), tolerance index (TOL), Fischer's and Maurer's stress susceptibility index (FMSSI), Fernandez stress tolerance index (FSTI), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and Schneider's stress severity index (SSSI). The results suggest that the indices based on grain yield reduction can be combined with those associated with grain yield response and potential under borer-infested and uninfested conditions, since each index assesses different biological mechanisms (such as tolerance, adaptation and/or productivity). Among these, FPLI can be used to differentiate the sorghum genotypes for different components of resistance by taking into account both foliar damage and deadheart formation. GMP, REI and FSTI provided a better discrimination of the stemborer-tolerant genotypes under borer-infested conditions, and were better predictors of grain yield performance than TOL, MPI, MRP, ABI, SSSI, FMSSI and FPLI. A strong association between GMP and REI indicated that both these indices could be used to select for low grain yield loss and high productivity. However, the selection of genotypes with high grain yield potential and adaptation to borer infestation may be achieved by combining selection indices related to the mean grain yield performance under borer-infested and uninfested conditions (GMP and REI), and low levels of grain yield loss under borer infestation.

Biological control of the spotted stem borer &lt;i&gt;Chilo partellus&lt;/i&gt; (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) with the entomopathogenic fungi, &lt;i&gt;Beauveria bassiana&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt; Metarhizium anisopliae&lt;/i&gt;

____________________________________________________________ Biological control studies were conducted with isolates of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae from Ethiopia and South Africa against the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus. The study was conducted from April 2002 to April 2003, at the department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. The objectives were to screen these isolates for pathogenicity and to determine the susceptibility of different larval instars; to study the effect of temperature on fungal development and virulence; to investigate food consumption of fungus treated larvae; to determine compatibility of fungal isolates with insecticides; to study the effect of exposure methods and diets on larval mortality; and to evaluate promising isolates under greenhouse conditions using artificially infested maize plants. Four isolates of B. bassiana and six isolates of M. anisopliae were tested against second instar larvae. Of these isolates, B. bassiana (BB-01) and M. anisopliae (PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-61 and EE-01) were found to be highly pathogenic inducing 90 to 100 % mortality seven days after treatment. In subsequent assays, the fungal isolates were tested against third, fourth, fifth and sixth instar larvae. Second and sixth instar larvae were more susceptible to these isolates than third, fourth and fifth instar larvae. Conidial germination, radial growth and sporulation of the isolates PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-61, EE-01 and BB-01 were retarded at 15 and 35 C. A suitable temperature range for the isolates was from 20 30 C. At 25 and 30 C the isolates induced 100 % mortality to second instar larvae within four to six days. Second and third instar C. partellus larvae were treated with the isolates PPRC-4 and BB-01, and daily consumption of maize leaf was measured. Treatment with the fungi was associated with a reduction in mean daily food consumption. In in-vitro studies, five concentrations (0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, and 100 ppm active ingredients) of the insecticides benfuracarb and endosulfan were tested with the isolates PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-16, EE-01 and BB-01. Increasing the concentration of the insecticides adversely affected germination, radial growth and sporulation of the isolates. In in-vivo studies combining the fungi, PPRC-4 and BB-01,

Resistance of Cry1Ab maize to spotted stemborer Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in India

Three transgenic maize hybrids, viz. Prabal YG, Hishell YG and Double YG, producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) CrylAb protein (event Mon 810), were evaluated under field and laboratory conditions for their resistance to spotted stemborer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). The Bt maize hybrids suffered less damage than their non-Bt iso-hybrids with respect to per cent plant infestation (0.0-0.6), leaf injury rating (1.0-1.1) and per cent stem tunnelling. These hybrids also resulted in significantly higher larval mortality (79.4-100.0%) in laboratory bioassays. The toxin protein produced in leaves was equally effective against neonates and 15-day-old larvae. Neonate larvae consumed less leaf area (5.0-13.8%) in case of Bt hybrids than their non-Bt iso-hybrids.

Multiple-resistance to sorghum shoot fly, spotted stemborer and sugarcane aphid in sorghum

Sorghum is one of the most important cereal crops in the semi-arid tropics. Several insect pests damage it. The possibility of identifying genotypes with multiple resistance to these pests and transferring the relevant genes into high-yielding varieties and hybrids has been considered as an attractive approach to reducing yield losses. A set of 12 cytoplasmic male-sterile and maintainer lines, 12 restorer lines and their F1 hybrids were evaluated for resistance to sorghum shoot fly Atherigona soccata Rondani, spotted stemborer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) under field conditions. There were significant differences among the genotypes tested. A total of 50% of male-sterile lines, 41.7% maintainers, 58.3% restorers and 35.4% of the hybrids tested showed moderate to high level of resistance to the three pests. The male-sterile and restorer lines showing resistance to different insects can be exploited for developing hybrids with multiple insect resistance for cultivation by the resource-poor farmers in the semi-arid tropics.

Role of volatiles emitted by host and non‐host plants in the foraging behaviour of Dentichasmias busseolae, a pupal parasitoid of the spotted stemborer Chilo partellus

AbstractThe role of volatiles from stemborer host and non‐host plants in the host‐finding process of Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) a pupal parasitoid of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was studied. The non‐host plant, molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora Beauv. (Poaceae)), is reported to produce some volatile compounds known to be attractive to some parasitoid species. The studies were conducted to explore the possibility of intercropping stemborer host plants with molasses grass in order to enhance the foraging activity of D. busseolae in such a diversified agro‐ecosystem. Olfactometric bioassays showed that volatiles from the host plants maize, Zea mays L., and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) (Poaceae), were attractive to the parasitoid. Infested host plants were the most attractive. Volatiles from molasses grass were repellent to the parasitoid. Further tests showed that volatiles from infested and uninfested host plants alone were preferred over those from infested and uninfested host plants combined with the non‐host plant, molasses grass. In dual choice tests, the parasitoid did not discriminate between volatiles from maize infested by either of the two herbivore species, C. partellus or Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Volatiles from sorghum infested by C. partellus were preferred over those from C. partellus‐infested maize. The study showed that the pupal parasitoid D. busseolae uses plant volatiles during foraging, with those from the plant–herbivore complex being the most attractive. The fact that volatiles from molasses grass were deterrent to the parasitoid suggested that intercropping maize or sorghum with molasses grass was not likely to enhance the foraging behaviour of D. busseolae. Volatiles from the molasses grass may hinder D. busseolae's host location efficiency.

Patterns of Laboratory Parasitisation Rates of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Borers of Sugarcane and Sorghum

Laboratory parasitisation rates of a native (Indian) and an exotic (Indonesian) population of the gregarious larval endoparasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), mass reared by the group-exposure method in glass chimneys, were examined during 1990–1994 on three hosts, namely the sugarcane shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus Snellen, sugarcane internode borer Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) and spotted stemborer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Parasitisation rates of both the Indian and Indonesian populations in individual rearing batches showed considerable variation. Correlation and multiple regression analysis of parasitisation rates in rearing batches and three rearing parameters, viz. percent males, number of larvae and number of larvae per female parasitoid, indicated variable influence of the rearing parameters. Parasitisation rates of the Indian population were positively related to percent males and negatively related to number of larvae and number of larvae per female parasitoid in some hosts. The parasitisation rates of the Indonesian population were negatively related to percent males only in Ch. partellus. Mean monthly parasitisation rates of both populations during the study period fluctuated considerably in different hosts. The role of rearing parameters as well as rearing history of host and parasitoid cultures in parasitisation rates is discussed.

Incidence and distribution in sorghum of the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus and associated natural enemies in farmers' fields in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra states

A series of surveys was carried out in farmers' fields in two major sorghum-growing states of India (Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh) during the 1994 and 1995 cropping seasons to determine distribution, abundance, and economic importance of the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus Swinhoe and associated parasitoids in sorghum. Stem borer incidence and distribution varied significantly between the two states. In Maharashtra, the highest incidence was recorded in Amravati district(40%), followed by Yavatmal(39%). In Andhra Pradesh, the highest incidence and damage were recorded from Medak (31%), followed by Mahbubnagar (30.3%). The natural enemies recorded in the survey included three larval parasitoids, viz. Cotesia ruficrus (Haliday) and C. flavipes Cameron, and Sturmiopsis inferens Townsend and one pupal parasitoid Xanthopimpla stemmator Thunberg. While species composition did not vary between the two states, species predominance varied considerably, such that Cotesia spp. were predominant in Maharashtra, and S. inferens in Andhra Pradesh.

Registration of ICZ3 and ICZ4 Maize Germplasms with Resistance to Spotted Stem‐Borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)

Crop ScienceVolume 34, Issue 1 cropsci1994.0011183X003400010086x p. 317-318 Registrations of Germplasm Registration of ICZ3 and ICZ4 Maize Germplasms with Resistance to Spotted Stem-Borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) S. O. Ajala, Corresponding Author S. O. Ajala n/a@.dne Crop Pests Res. Program, ICIPE, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, KenyaCorresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorK. N. Saxena, K. N. Saxena Crop Pests Res. Program, ICIPE, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, KenyaSearch for more papers by this author S. O. Ajala, Corresponding Author S. O. Ajala n/a@.dne Crop Pests Res. Program, ICIPE, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, KenyaCorresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorK. N. Saxena, K. N. Saxena Crop Pests Res. Program, ICIPE, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, KenyaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1994 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183X003400010086xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume34, Issue1January–February 1994Pages 317-318 RelatedInformation