Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different concentrations of aqueous extracts of Neem kernels (NK) and Neem leaves (NL) on the incidence and damage of spotted stem borer in sorghum during 2011/12-2012/13 seasons at New Halfa Research Station farm. Sorghum variety Tabat was used. The experiment was laid in a RCB design with four replicates and seven treatments. These were: NK at kg/ 30 and 40 Liter of water, NL at kg/15 and 20 Liter of water, Furadan10% G at 15kg/F and Malathion 57% EC at 2L/F as standard and the untreated control. A liquid soap was added to Neem treatments as an emulsifying agent. Three sprayings were applied using knapsack sprayer starting two weeks after emergence with 10 days intervals. Data on percent deadheart, percent leaf damage plants, percent stem tunneling, number of borer holes per plant and grain yield were recorded. Results indicated that, all treatments were highly significantly (P>0.001) reduced stem borer damage and increased the grain yield compared to the untreated one. NK at kg/ 40 L of water was the best in reducing stem borer damage and increasing grain yield comparable to the standard treatment Furadan 10% G at 15 Kg/F.
Highlights
It was reported by (Schmutterer, 1969) in Sudan that cereals are often badly infested by stem borers, namely Sesamia cretica Led., S calamistis Hmps., Busseola fusca (Full.) and the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinh.).The later is the most serious pest that severely attacks sorghum, maize, wheat and a number of wild grasses of the genus Sorghum resulted in stunted and grain reduced plants
It was reported that chemical control of C. partellus is rather difficult and may perhaps often be uneconomic if the treatment has to be repeated several times in order to obtain satisfactory results some insecticides were found to be successful when applied as granules in the funnel of sorghum and maize young plants at the beginning of the stem borer attack (Schmutterer, 1969)
All treatments were highly significantly (P>0.001) reduced percent dead heart at 25 and 35 days after emergence (DAE) and percent infested plants compared to the untreated control (Table 1)
Summary
It was reported by (Schmutterer, 1969) in Sudan that cereals are often badly infested by stem borers, namely Sesamia cretica Led., S calamistis Hmps., Busseola fusca (Full.) and the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinh.).The later is the most serious pest that severely attacks sorghum, maize, wheat and a number of wild grasses of the genus Sorghum resulted in stunted and grain reduced plants. It was reported that chemical control of C. partellus is rather difficult and may perhaps often be uneconomic if the treatment has to be repeated several times in order to obtain satisfactory results some insecticides were found to be successful when applied as granules in the funnel of sorghum and maize young plants at the beginning of the stem borer attack (Schmutterer, 1969) In addition to their serious health hazard and environmentally destructive it can result in the accumulation of residues of the harvested produce. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of aqueous extracts of neem kernel and leaf on the management of spotted stem borer C. partellus, on sorghum
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