Spot Urine Protein Creatinine Ratio Research Articles

Urine Spot Protein Creatinine Ratio as a Predictor of Disease Severity and Adverse Outcome in Children with Dengue: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Dengue is a viral infection with different presentations, hence predicting the disease severity at admission is essential to triage patients needing meticulous monitoring. In severe dengue there is increase of urinary protein clearance due to the increase in systemic vascular permeability. Simple urine protein excretion screening test could guide the triage and monitor the patients with suspected dengue infection. Aim: To evaluate the urine spot Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) as a tool in predicting the disease severity and adverse outcome in children with dengue. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in Institute of Child Health, Egmore, Tamil Nadu, India, from October 2021 to December 2021. All children aged 1 month to 12 years presenting with symptoms of fever, thrombocytopenia (less than 1, 50, 000 /µL) with or without dengue non structural protein component (NS1)/ Immunoglobulin M Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) positivity were recruited for the study. Study parameters included were demographic factors, severity of dengue classification based on National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) guidelines, urine spot PCR. The UPCR (urine protein creatinine ratio) was compared between dengue and non dengue cases and within the different categories of dengue cases. Chi-square was used for comparing proportions. Results: Among 150 children enrolled in present study, 134 (89.3%) were dengue positive, 16 (10.7%) were non dengue. Most predominant age group involved was 6-9 years followed by 3 to 6 years. Among 134 children with dengue, 98 (73.1%) had high UPCR and among 16 non dengue children, 2 (12.5%) had high UPCR which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Mean spot UPCR was 0.32±0.12 in mild dengue, 0.77±0.40 in moderate dengue and 1.68±1.67 in severe dengue which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Children with severe dengue had higher PCR values in comparison to mild and moderate dengue. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant association of urine spot PCR with severity of dengue and this simple test can be used for triaging and monitoring children with suspected dengue.

Acute Kidney Injury and Proteinuria in a Man With Hemoptysis

Acute Kidney Injury and Proteinuria in a Man With Hemoptysis

Metabolic Acidosis and Hyponatremia in a Patient With Metastatic Melanoma

Metabolic Acidosis and Hyponatremia in a Patient With Metastatic Melanoma

STAPHYLOCOCCUS-ASSOCIATED GLOMERULONEPHRITIS MIMICKING IGA VASCULITIS IN AN ADULT

TOPIC: Critical Care TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Staphylococcus-associated glomerulonephritis (SAGN) is an immune complex–mediated glomerulonephritis (GN) which commonly presents with elevated creatinine, microscopic hematuria, and variable proteinuria; but on rare occasions may manifest as vasculitis that closely mimics Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP). CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old male with diabetes mellitus (DM) and liver cirrhosis presented with gangrene of the right hallux after a dog bite. Given concern for gas gangrene, he underwent Guillotine amputation. Blood cultures were positive for Methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). He was admitted to the ICU for septic shock and started on vasopressors and broad-spectrum antibiotics. His course was complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) and a new onset diffuse palpable purpuric rash on day 3 of admission, for which a skin biopsy was performed. His serum creatinine was 1.4 mg/dl on admission and progressively worsened to 2.8 mg/dl requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) initiation. Urinalysis showed 1+ protein with large blood and 20-40 red blood cells (RBC) per high power field. Urine microscopy revealed isomorphic RBC without red cell cast. Spot Urine protein-creatinine ratio was 0.4 mg/g. Immune work up was negative except for hypocomplementemia with C3 35 mg/dl, C4 8 mg/dl and CH50 19 unit/ml. Ultrasound abdomen showed cirrhosis. 2D-echocardiogram was negative for vegetations. Transesophageal echocardiogram and renal biopsy were not performed as patient was hemodynamically unstable. He remained critically ill and continued to decline despite initiation of CRRT and died due to refractory shock. Skin biopsy returned later, showing leukocytoclastic vasculitis with IgA deposition, confirming IgA vasculitis. DISCUSSION: SAGN is an immune complex mediated disease that occurs concurrently with staphylococcal infection. Pathophysiology is postulated to involve massive T cell and B cell activation by a staphylococcal superantigen. This leads to release of cytokines with overproduction of antibodies and systemic vasculitis with IgA-staphylococcal antigen immune complex formation and deposition. About 20% of the patients with SAGN present with leukocytoclastic vasculitis and can clinically mimic steroid responsive disease processes such as HSP or cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Renal biopsy is essential to establish diagnosis as steroid and immunosuppression use in SAGN remain controversial and can worsen infection as well as renal disease. Unfortunately, renal biopsy could not be performed in this patient due to refractory shock; however, diagnosis of SAGN is being preferred owing to clinical characteristics like older age, DM, active MSSA infection and AKI with hypocomplementemia. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to make clinicians aware of the variable presentation of infection related GN, such as SAGN, HSP-nephritis, or post-streptococcal GN as treatment might differ. REFERENCE #1: 1. Akio Koyama, Kobayashi M et al. Glomerulonephritis associated with MRSA infection: A possible role of bacterial superantigen. Kidney International. Doi:10.1038/ki.1995.25 REFERENCE #2: 2. Tahrin Mahmood, Puckrin R et al. Staphylococcus-Associated Glomerulonephritis Mimicking Henoch-Schonlein Purpura and Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis in a patient with an epidural abscess: A case report and brief review of the literature. Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2018. Doi:10.1177/2054358118776325. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by kalpana chintha, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Stanley Dumond, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Adam Green, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Ananya Nanduri, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Matk Sunga, source=Web Response

Correlation of Urine Dipstick Test with Spot Urine Protein-Creatinine Ratio in Women with Preeclampsia: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes for the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Increase level of proteinuria is worsening condition for the pregnant women with hypertension. Objective: Our study aimed to compare urine dipstick method with P/C ratio to know the proteinuria level in hypertensive pregnant women. Material and Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 antenatal women with preeclampsia in Department of obstetrics and gynecology, CAIMS Karimnagar. Antenatal cases with pre-eclampsia of more than 20 weeks gestation were included in the study and Urinary Tract Infection, Diabetic, renal function disorder were excluded from study. After getting patients consent detailed history were taken, general physical and systemic including obstetric examination was done Association between the variable analyzed by using chi-square or fisher exact test and quantitative variable compare using ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. P-value<0.05 considered as significant Result: Among 100 patients admitted, there are 50 cases having mean age was 25±3.266 Years, systolic blood pressure was 156.5±21.94mmhg. Association between P/C ratio and urine dipstick was statistically significant and also correlation between urine dipstick and P/C ratio was moderately correlated (r= 0.564) and highly significant (p-value <0.05) Conclusion: Our study conclude that Urine dipstick method and P/C ratio has strong correlation between them with high accuracy, at 2+or greater level it can used to estimate significant proteinuria or spot urine P/C ratio for screening pregnant women with suspected preeclampsia. Also, this method is convenient and cost effective for patient. Keywords: Preeclampsia, Proteinuria, Urine Dipstick, Antenatal.

Anasarca in an Infant – An Unusual Cause

ObjectivesPrimary intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare cause of protein losing enteropathy. It is usually seen in children less than 3 years of age. The disease is characterised by dilatation and engorgement of lymphatics in the small bowel due to congenital malformation of lymphatic channel or hypoplasia of lymphatics. MethodsA 10 month old female child was admitted with a h/o persistent diarrhoea and generalised swelling of the body for 15 days. She was exclusively breastfed till 6 months, complementary feeding started thereafter. On examination, both eyelids were edematous with b/l pedal edema and abdominal distension. Investigations showed hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia and thrombocytosis. Urine, stool examination and spot urine protein creatinine ratio were normal. USG abdomen showed mild ascites and edematous bowel loops. UGI endoscopy and biopsy showed multiple fragments of duodenal mucosa with subepithelium showing multiple dilated lymphatic spaces. The child was started on high protein, low fat diet with MCT, vitamin D, zinc and FFP transfusion. Child improved clinically with reduced edema and loose stools, hence discharged. I/v/o persistent thrombocytosis, we considered possibility of a rare syndrome, CHAPLE (Complement hyperactivation, Angiopathic Thrombosis and Protein losing enteropathy). However, CD55 level was normal and hence we also considered further evaluation for non -CHAPLE PIL but genetic work up could not be done. ResultsPIL should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in a child presenting with anasarca. The main modality of treatment in our case was high protein, low fat diet and MCT supplements. Child was on regular follow up with pediatric gastroenterologist for about 3 months. Mother reported the baby had persistent loose stools and was treated at home and died before reaching a hospital. We have heard in literature about good outcomes in PIL as well as frequent relapses with chronicity. This acute life threatening event in PIL needs to be discussed regarding possibility of any thrombosis secondary to dehydration and thrombocytosis. ConclusionsPIL is a rare condition seen in children less than 3 years. Early diagnosis with endoscopic visualization of the gut and biopsy of the small bowel may play a great role. Mainstay of treatment is high-protein, low fat diet with MCT supplement. Funding SourcesNone.

The diagnostic accuracy of spot urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR) in quantification of proteinuria in women with preeclampsia

Introduction: Estimation of urinary excretion of protein is done by the standard method of collection of urine over 24- hours and the test sample is taken from this collection. Because of its technical difficulty there is the necessity to use quick, convenient and reliable method which is well correlates with 24-h urine protein. Aim: This study is carried out to compare the dipstick method and spot urine protein creatinine ratio (UPCR) with that of 24-h urine protein (24HUP) and also to determine the role of proteinuria in predicting the pregnancy outcome in preeclamptic patients. Materials and Methods: We conducted this prospective analytical study in 209 antenatal women in whom 52 were with gestational hypertension and 157 were with preeclampsia. Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed the strength of correlation while the p value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Receiver-operator curve (ROC) was plotted to find the cut-off value of UPCR and dipstick in detecting significant proteinuria (?300mg/day). Results: The value of UPCR strongly correlated with 24-h urine protein (r=0.941, pThe cut-off value of 0.25 by UPCR method was considered as significant proteinuria. A strong positive correlation was found between 24HUP test and dipstick test (r=0.759, p Conclusions: Spot UPCR can be used as a rapid and reliable alternative method to 24-h urine protein in preeclamptic patients. Keywords: Preeclampsia, Sspot UPR, 24-h urine protein and dipstick method.

Estimation of 24h Urine Protein Versus Spot Urine Protein Creatinine Ratio in Patients with Kidney Disease.

This cross-sectional study was undertaken to compare 24-h urine protein estimation with spot urine protein-creatinine ratio (PCR). 72 patients having proteinuria of > 150mg/day were included in this study. 24-h urine total protein (UTP) test were also asked to give their mid-morning spot urine sample the following day for urine protein-creatinine ratio. The subjects were grouped according to their UTP into Groups as described follows: Group A < 1g/day, Group B 1-3.5g/day and Group C > 3.5g/day. Pearson's correlation (r) and paired Student's T test were done. The paired T test showed no difference in the UTP and PCR in the subgroup having qualitative protein of zero and in group A. There was no agreement between the two methods used for quantitation. In the overtly proteinuric patients, the correlation between the UTP and PCR was positive in group A which was statistically significant (p = 0.05) whereas it was not significant (p = 0.07) in group B. Though there was a negative correlation in the massive proteinuria group C it was not significant (p = 0.65). Our study demonstrates that spot PCR can be reliable parameter for initial diagnostic criterion of proteinuria but for follow-up measurements and for proteinuria > 0.5 gm/day, 24-h UTP is the single most accurate measurement of protein excretion.

Urine protein: Urine creatinine ratio correlation with diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose:To investigate the urine protein (UP) and urine creatinine (UC) ratio in diabetes mellitus and report its influence as a risk factor for the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods:In total, 150 diabetic patients presenting to the outpatient department were included. Detailed history with informed consent and ophthalmic examination, including visual assessment, external ocular examination, anterior segment evaluation, dilated fundus examination by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy, was done. The early morning spot urine sample was used to determine spot urine protein creatinine ratio. Association with hypertension, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and HBA1C (glycosylated Hb) were also noted.Results:Urinary PCR increased with the severity of the diabetic retinopathy (P < 0.001). HbA1c, FBS, and duration of diabetes had a direct correlation with urine PCR. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal PCR cut-off value for predicting the risk of onset DR was 0.65. Retinopathy progressed with increasing urine PCR. Spot urine PCR strongly correlates with stages of diabetic retinopathy and proteinuria measured in 24-h urine samples.Conclusion:The study showed that urine PCR can be a marker for risk and progression of diabetic retinopathy.

Evaluation of Spot Urine Protein Creatinine Ratio as an Index of Quantitative Proteinuria in Varying Renal Disorders

This study is conducted to evaluate the correlation between 24 hrs urine protein and urine Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) in spot urine sample and if found comparable the estimation of spot protein creatinine ratio could be adopted as an alternative method for quantification of proteinuria in our clinical lab setting.

Correlation of 24-hour urinary protein excretion and spot urine protein-creatinine ratio in women with preeclampsia: A cross sectional study

Objective: To examine the correlation between spot urine PCR and 24-hour urine protein excretion in patients being evaluated for preeclampsia. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 100 patients at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana State for a period from December 2019 to August 2020, with inclusion of singleton viable pregnancy, Gestational age between 24 and 38 weeks, Confirmed by last menstrual period and early ultrasound. Result: Among 100 patient’s patients having mean age of 25 ± 3.266 years, among the patients 19% percent of the patients had past history of preeclampsia. Mean gestational age for the patients was 32.39 ± 3.42 weeks. Study showed 62 % of moderate urinary protein levels. There was significant correlation between spot PCR and 24 hour urine protein collection (spearman’s rho=0.7, P<0.0001). Conclusion: Urine protein: creatine ratio is one of the important investigation in hypertensive disorder of the pregnancy. Spot Urine protein: creatine ratio can reliably be taken as a simple, accurate, and convenient replacement for tedious, time consuming 24 hour urine protein estimation, especially in countries like India where hospitals are flooded with a large number of in-patients. Therefore Urine protein: creatine ratio estimation should be introduced and adopted in practice in testing for proteinuria.

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To evaluate and standardize the method of spot urine protein creatinine ratio for estimation of proteinuria

Background: Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for diabetic nephropathy and a predictor of end-stage renal disease. Measurement of protein excretion in a 24hr urine collection is the gold standard for the quantitative evaluation of proteinuria in diabetes. However, this is cumbersome, subjective to collection errors and required good compliance. Aims: To evaluate and standardize the method of spot urine protein creatinine ratio for estimation of Proteinuria. Materials and methods: We compared 24 hr urine protein estimation with urine spot protein creatinine ratio in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with proteinuria. Results: In our study of 73 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and proteinuria, it was found that A maximum number of patients were noted in the age group 41-50 years. Males were more than females in the ratio of 2.04:1. The majority of patients had a duration of diabetes between 5 -10 yrs (52.05%). The mean duration of diabetes was 9.24+/- 6.1 yrs. Twenty-five patients (34.25%) had nephrotic range proteinuria. There was a good correlation between urine PCR and 24 hr urine protein at different levels of GFR. Maximum correlation between urine PCR and 24 hr urine protein was seen in the GFR >60 group. There was a good correlation between urine PCR and 24 hr urine protein at different ranges of proteinuria. A maximum correlation between urine PCR and 24 hr urine was seen in the proteinuria group

Evaluation of spot urinary protein creatinine ratio for quantification of proteinuria in women with hypertension in pregnancy: A prospective observational study

To calculate the cut off value of the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio (PCR) for predicting significant proteinuria in our population of patients with HTN (hypertension) in pregnancy, and study its correlation with total urine estimation in 24 hour collection of urine. We conducted a prospective observational study among pregnant women with HTN attending Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lok Nayak Hospital, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi. Two hundred patients with singleton pregnancy with hypertension and gestational age &amp;#62;20 weeks were included in the study. Both 24-hour urine protein measurement and a spot urine PCR was done for every patient. Follow up was performed till delivery and outcomes were noted. Significant proteinuria was found in 64 (32%) patients. The study suggested moderate degree of correlation between spot urine PCR and 24 hour urine protein, with a correlation coefficient of 0.47, p&amp;#60;0.001 (n=200). The correlation coefficient for ambulatory patients was 0.415 whereas it was much higher i.e. 0.776 for nonambulatory patients.The ROC curve analysis revealed an excellent sensitivity of 96.3% and specificity of 84.2% with AUC 0.91 (excellent) for a cut-off value of spot PCR &amp;#62;0.19 to detect significant proteinuria in our population. The negative predictive value was 98.4% and positive predictive value was 69.3%. The spot urine Protein Creatinine ratio can be considered an excellent ruling out test. However, women with abnormally high spot urine PCR should undergo 24-hour urine protein measurement before clinical intervention is done.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in obesity hypoventilation syndrome and obstructive sleep apnoea with severe obesity

PurposeChronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), however prevalence in obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is not known. This study sought to compare prevalence of CKD in OHS and equally obese OSA patients with comparable apnoea hypopnoea indexes (AHI), and secondarily examine the impact of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on CKD parameters. MethodsEstimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and spot urine protein creatinine ratio (PCR) were obtained in patients with OHS (Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaCO2 > 45 mmHg) and OSA (AHI > 20 events per hour, PaCO2 < 45 mmHg) with a body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m2. Samples were obtained at baseline and after three months of PAP in both groups. ResultsPatients with OHS (n = 15, PaCO2 49 mmHg; daytime oxygen saturation, SpO2 94%; total sleep time with SpO2<90%, T90 308min) and OSA (n = 36, PaCO2 40 mmHg, SpO2 96%, T90 140min) were recruited. Stage 1–3 kidney function was present in 7 (46%) and 8 (22%) patients with OHS and OSA respectively (p = 0.08). Mean PCR was higher in OHS than OSA (23 ± 29 v 10 ± 6 mg/mmol; p = 0.03), while the prevalence of proteinuria was not different (40% v 19%, p = 0.19). Proteinuria was not significantly altered by three months of PAP. Moderate associations were demonstrated between eGFR, PaCO2, awake SpO2 and/or HbA1c (r > 0.5, p < 0.05) in OHS. ConclusionThe prevalence of CKD, primarily early-stage with proteinuria, is at least as frequent in OHS as it is in OSA, if not worse. Markers of CKD were not significantly impacted by PAP therapy.

A comparative study of the accuracy of the spot Protein-Creatinine Ratio (PCR) vs 24 hours urine collection for detection of proteinuria in pre- eclamptic patients and its effect maternal and fetal outcomes

Proteinuria is a major component of preeclampsia. Urine protein measurement after 24-hour urine collection is the traditional standard method for the detection of proteinuria. It is time-consuming. As an alternative, spot sampling for a urine protein to creatinine ratio (PCR) ratio has been investigated. To determine the accuracy of the spot protein- creatinine ratio in comparison with 24 hours urine collection for detection of proteinuria in pre- eclamptic patients. A hospital based prospective study was conducted with 120 patients to assess the quantification of proteinuria in preeclamptic patient and comparing the two methods i.e. 24-hr urine protein levels and random protein creatinine ratio conducted at tertiary care centre. There was a good positive statistical correlation between 24-hour total urinary protein level and spot protein: creatinine ratio with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.769.Conclusion: Random and spot urine protein creatinine ratio can predict with high accuracy the amount of 24- hour urine protein excretion. The urine PCR is reliable, relatively faster and accurate for proteinuria and can correlate well with 24-hour urinary protein excretion which is gold standard.

Can Spot Urine Protein Creatinine Ratio be an alternative for the 24 Hour Urine Protein to estimate proteinuria in Chronic Kidney Disease? A com-parative observational study

Background: The definition of CKD is its a non-reversible and the function of the kidneys reduces progressive-ly. As the estimation of 24 hour urine protein levels is cumbersome, the current research aims to how valid is the use of the ration of Spot urine protein to creatinine in place of 24 hour method. Aims: To compare UPCR with urine protein for 24 hours with respect to the stages 3 and 4 of CKD. To validate UPCR for estimating proteinuria in the stages 3 and 4 of CKD. Study setting and study design: A comparative observational study among patients with the stages of 3 and 4 in CKD. Methods and Material: A total of 90 patients in stages 3 and 4 of CKD were chosen for the study. All the 90 patients were subjected to UPCR and protein in urine for 24 hours to check validity of UPCR in comparison to gold standard. Statistical analysis : The data analysis was done using SPSS. Significance tests: Chi-square and correlation. Results: A positive correlation was observed among the subjects with CKD for both the urine protein for 24 hours and UPCR .In the stage 3, UPCR was found to have lower sensitivity and specificity. Whereas UPCR had good sensitivity in diagnosing the stage. Conclusions: The present study showed UPCR to have good sensitivity and good specificity for CKD stage 4 than stage 3. Hence UPCR can be better indicator for CKD stage 4 than stage 3. Keywords: CKD, 24 hour urine protein, Urine protein creatinine ratio

Clinical Profile, Histopathological Features and Outcome of IgA Nephropathy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is reported to be more common in Asians and is considered to be a very progressive disease with worse outcome. The present study encompasses a cohort of biopsy-proven IgAN in a tertiary care hospital to characterize the initial clinical presentation, Oxford classification profile and one year follow up of patients with clinical and biochemical investigations. All renal biopsies with a diagnosis of primary IgAN were included. In all biopsies with ≥8 viable glomeruli, the MEST-C scores were analyzed, according to the Oxford criteria. Demographic and clinical data included age, gender, presence of hypertension, presence of hematuria and edema. Baseline investigations include urine protein semiquantitative, spot urine protein creatinine ratio, 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, and serum albumin. All the details of the use of antiproteinuric drugs and immunosuppressive drugs were recorded. Total 48 renal biopsies (21.62%) were diagnosed as primary IgAN. Thirty-seven (77.08%) had renal dysfunction on initial presentation out of which 31 (64.5%) patients had subnephrotic range proteinuria (SNRP). MEST-C lesions distribution were interpreted in 39 patients. 42.85% of patients with nephrotic range proteinuria (NRP) and 55.55% of patients with SNRP had renal deterioration during follow up period while 28.57% patients with NRP and 41.66% patients with SNRP had reached end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Our study population of IgAN has a unique clinical profile with hypertension, microscopic hematuria and subnephrotic proteinuria as the predominant clinical presentation. In spite of low MEST-C score in our study cohort, the disease has an aggressive course with 47.91% of patients with renal function deterioration and about one third follow up patients approaching ESRD during the study period.

Comparison of urine protein creatinine ratio and 24 hours urine protein in detecting preeclampsia

Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of spot urine protein-creatinine ratio for detection of proteinuria in Preeclampsia.&#x0D; Methods: Cross Sectional Descriptive Study was conducted in a total of 38 pregnant women in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital in study period of 3 month. The correlation between protein- creatinine ratio in spot urine samples and urinary protein excretion in 24-hour collections were analyzed.&#x0D; Results: Comparison of 24 hours urinary protein and protein- creatinine ratio in women with preeclampsia shows a significant correlation (r=0.911, p&lt;0.0001). The cut-off protein-creatinine ratios which gave maximum area under the curve for 300mg protein for 24hrs was 0.27 (sensitivity: 94.6%, specificity: 100%, PPV: 100%, NPV: 33.3%); 2000 mg urine protein excretion was 2.1 (sensitivity and specificity of 100%); 3000mg protein excreted for 24hours was 3.0 (sensitivity: 83.3%,&#x0D; specificity: 92.3%, PPV: 83.3%, NPV: 93.3%. Area under the ROC for 24hours urine total protein of &gt;300mg, &gt;2000mg and &gt;3000mg/day were 0.946 (95%CI 0.873-1.019), 1 (95% CI 1.00-1.00) and 0.957 (95%CI 0.897- 1.016) respectively.&#x0D; Conclusions: Spot urine protein-creatinine ratio is as accurate as to 24 hours urine protein determination of proteinuria in Preeclampsia.

Effectiveness Of Urine Dipstick In Diagnosis Of Pre-eclampsia

Objective: To determine the efficacy of urine dipstick in Pre-eclamplasia. Study Design and Setting: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of obstetrics &amp; gynecology of a tertiary care hospital from May-2017 to September-2018. Methods: All the pregnant women of age 15-45 years, BP=140/90 mmHg on two occasions 4 hours apart or single diastolic value of 100 mmHg, gestational age &gt;20 weeks, singleton pregnancy, booked in first trimester of pregnancy were included in the study. Statistical package SPSS 22 was used for the analysis of data chi-square tests were applied for the diagnostic accuracy of urine dipstick in detection of Pre-eclampsia in pregnant women. P-value was &lt;0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Total 211 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. Mean (SD) age was 28.26(3.86) years. Overall sensitivity and specificity of urine dipstick was found to be 94% and 95.4% respectively, positive predictive value 95%, negative predictive value 94.5% and excellent diagnostic accuracy 94.7% of urine dipstick was observed for the diagnosis of spot urine protein creatinine ratio CONCLUSION: Urine dipstick found to be sensitive and reliable test to screen pre-eclampsia