Number Of Spots Research Articles

Manage morning commute for household travels with parking space constraints

Parking has always been a thorny problem in urban transport systems. Parking availability and parking reservation management may have a significant influence on the travel behavior of household travelers. This paper explores the morning commute for household travels by considering parking space constraint and the parking reservation mechanism in a two-mode transport system. Household travelers depart from home to their children’s school by car or by rail and then go to work alone. For household travelers who drive, some household travelers have reserved parking spaces while other household travelers must compete for public ones on a first-come-first-served (FCFS) basis. When household travelers do not have a parking spot, they use rail transit for their commute. We derive ten equilibrium departure patterns based on the school-work time difference, the number of parking spots and the ratio of reserved parking spots. With these equilibrium departure patterns, we thoroughly discuss the impact of school-work time difference on the total travel cost of auto travelers and parking reservation ratio. It is found that, given the school-work time difference, appropriate parking reservation allocation can minimize the total system travel cost. Then, the system performance, including total system travel cost and total congestion cost, is examined by regulating the parking supply, the parking reservation allocation and the school-work time difference. We found that there is a unique optimal parking supply to minimize the total system travel cost, and appropriate staggering policy can alleviate traffic congestion and thus improves social welfare. Finally, numerical analysis is conducted to verify the findings, and the Pareto frontier for system performance is analyzed. Traffic authorities can select the optimal solution based on the preferences of traffic indicators to develop effective strategies to manage morning commuting of household travels with parking space constraint. The study demonstrates that implementing reasonable staggering policy and efficient parking management can effectively promote efficiency of urban morning commuting systems and reduce social costs for household travelers.

GLUT4 localisation with the plasma membrane is unaffected by an increase in plasma free fatty acid availability

BackgroundInsulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle occurs via translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular storage vesicles to the plasma membrane. Elevated free fatty acid (FFA) availability via a lipid infusion reduces glucose disposal, but this occurs in the absence of impaired proximal insulin signalling. Whether GLUT4 localisation to the plasma membrane is subsequently affected by elevated FFA availability is not known.MethodsTrained (n = 11) and sedentary (n = 10) individuals, matched for age, sex and body mass index, received either a 6 h lipid or glycerol infusion in the setting of a concurrent hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. Sequential muscle biopsies (0, 2 and 6 h) were analysed for GLUT4 membrane localisation and microvesicle size and distribution using immunofluorescence microscopy.ResultsAt baseline, trained individuals had more small GLUT4 spots at the plasma membrane, whereas sedentary individuals had larger GLUT4 spots. GLUT4 localisation with the plasma membrane increased at 2 h (P = 0.04) of the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and remained elevated until 6 h, with no differences between groups or infusion type. The number of GLUT4 spots was unchanged at 2 h of infusion. However, from 2 to 6 h there was a decrease in the number of small GLUT4 spots at the plasma membrane (P = 0.047), with no differences between groups or infusion type.ConclusionGLUT4 localisation with the plasma membrane increases during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, but this is not altered by elevated FFA availability. GLUT4 appears to disperse from small GLUT4 clusters located at the plasma membrane to support glucose uptake during a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp.

Effect of prolonged photoperiod on growth, gonadal development, sex ratio, and skin coloration of red tilapia (O. mossambicus × O. urolepis hornorum)

Farming of red tilapia is one promising direction in aquaculture. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of long-day photoperiod on the growth performance, reproductive parameters, maturity, sex ratio, β-carotene content, and skin coloration of red tilapia. Early life larvae were allocated into three treatment groups in triplicates: T1 = control group (12L:12D), T2 = long-day group (18L:6D), and T3 = continuous illumination group (24L:0D) for 90 days. By the end of the experiment, gonadosomatic index (GSI), relative fecundity, steroid hormones, maturity stages, sex ratio, and ovarian and testicular histology were examined; also, growth performance, survival rate, skin color, and total β-carotene content were measured. The results indicated that GSI% and serum testosterone (T) in T3 group significantly increased with greater amount of spermatozoa of male fish. Also, growth parameters and HSI% in female fish displayed significantly increased for T3 group. Females in group T2 showed significant elevation in GSI%, relative fecundity, and estradiol (E2) with higher number of mature stage. Continuous light group (T3) showed shifted male sex ratio, while female percentage was higher in T2 group. The total β-carotene content of T3 group showed significant elevation with less number of black spots. This study demonstrated that continuous light manipulation during red tilapia early life could stimulate the growth and enhance coloration by reducing black spots that significantly affects economic profitability. Long-day application was effective in female reproductive performance and maturity. This study also served as an important reference for red tilapia aquaculture.

Spatial distribution and influencing factors of rural tourism: A case study of Henan Province

Rural tourism is a powerful way to revitalize the countryside, and its spatial pattern is crucial for sustainable development. This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of rural tourism characteristic villages in Henan Province by taking 723 villages as the research object and using the nearest neighbor index, kernel density analysis, and spatial autocorrelation. It investigates the influencing factors utilizing the optimal parameters-based geographical detector (OPGD) model. The results show that, firstly, the overall spatial distribution of the rural tourism characteristic villages in Henan Province is characterized by aggregation and unbalanced distribution, and the overall spatial distribution density demonstrates the aggregation characteristics of “four cores and one belt”. Secondly, the rural tourism characteristic villages can be divided into four primary categories, agricultural industry, rural culture, and featured villages and towns. The spatial distributions of the four main categories are all clustered. Thirdly, the primary factors affecting the differences in the spatial distribution of the rural tourism characteristic villages are the topographic features, economic development level, tourism market potential, traffic capacity, and relevant policies, among which the critical factor is the number of A-class scenic spots in the tourism market potential. To promote the optimisation of the spatial pattern of rural tourism, it is necessary to strengthen resource integration. Furthermore, it is important to conduct in-depth exploration of more factors in order to provide comprehensive guidance for the sustainable development of rural tourism.

Variations of Lipids in Different Tissues (Liver, Intestine and Brain) of Fresh Water Cat Fish [Heteropneustes fossils (Bloch)

In the present study on characterization and identification of lipids by thin layer chromatography in different tissues of Heteropneustes fossilis showed a considerable variation. The number of lipid spots was highest in brain compared to other tissues. The Rf values of spots indicate the regions of similarity between tissues. Comparison of Rf values with those of standards indicated that the presence of phospholipids, choline lipids, gyolopids, ninhydrine, amino group containing lipids were present. Intestine showed more amount of glycolipids and low amount of ninhydrine containing lipids, While liver possessed Iodine containing lipids.in addition these, whereas brain showed glycolipids, ninhydrine containing lipids, Iodine containing lipids and choline lipids too. The present study revealed that the Brain contain highest amount of different classes of lipids. The Liver tissue has shown less number of lipids. Glycolipids and general class of lipids are present in all tissues with minor variations, choline lipids present in brain but not in remaining tissues, while Phospho lipids are present in intestine and brain only, whereas amino group containing lipids were more in all tissues when compared with other class of lipids.

Smart Car Parking System using PLC

This project involves the development of a system tailored for multilevel parking facilities. The system aims to streamline the parking process by providing real-time information to drivers upon entry. Outside the parking area, a LED indicator is used which displays the available parking spots along with their corresponding numbers. Additionally, the system keeps track of the total number of parking spots available, updating the LED indicator accordingly. By presenting drivers with specific vacant spot numbers upon arrival, the system minimizes the time spent searching for a parking space, ultimately enhancing efficiency and convenience for drivers

Phase “Rise” of The 11-Year Solar Cycle with Contribution to Global Warming – Examples from The Bulgarian Meteo Stations’ Temperature Data

A high negative correlation between the average Sun Spot Number in phase “rise” in the 11-year cycle of solar activity and the annual average Earth’s surface temperature was observed in the data from several meteorological stations – first in the temperature data from meteorological stations in Bulgaria, and then from many stations from Europe and the world. As solar activity has decreased over the last 70 years – the last few solar cycles up to the 24th number have had a monotonically decreasing number of sunspots – their negative correlation with temperature results in a rising surface air temperature. This increase is related to processes in the Sun’s magnetosphere and has nothing to do with the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the surface atmosphere. The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases may be also a consequence of the processes taking place on the earth’s surface as a result of solar activity and is not a cause of the increasing temperature of the earth’s surface.

The possible role of haematophagous flies in the incidence of bovine teat papillomatosis.

The relationship between the incidence of bovine teat papillomatosis and the activity of haematophagous flies was investigated in Japan. A total of 15,737 flies consisting of 33 species were collected by dry ice-baited mosquito net (DMN) trap and a sweep net from udders of cattle. Simulium aokii (Takahasi) of Simuliidae (black flies) was the predominant species, followed by S. tobetsuense Ono and S. iwatense (Shiraki). Simulium aokii had the highest peak in October, followed by September. Numbers of blood spots from the bites per teat in nulliparous cattle were significantly correlated with numbers of S. aokii collected by DMN trap. Numbers of teats with warts and spots of blood from the bites per teat were significantly more abundant in anterior teats than posterior teats. The average incidence of teat papillomatosis in nulliparous cattle was significantly higher than that in parous cattle, and the highest incidence by month was in May, followed by April. Although bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA was not detected in flies examined, the presence of black flies and blood spots from their bites were associated with subsequent high incidence of growing warts. In particular, it would pay to give attention to species such as S. aokii that severely attack udders in the present locality. Further investigations for the detection of BPV DNA from flies parasitizing on teats are needed.

Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Polygenic Architecture for Limber Pine Quantitative Disease Resistance to White Pine Blister Rust.

Development of durable resistance effective against a broad range of pathotypes is crucial for restoration of pathogen-damaged ecosystems. This study dissected the complex genetic architecture for limber pine quantitative disease resistance (QDR) to Cronartium ribicola using a genome-wide association study. Eighteen-month-old seedlings were inoculated for resistance screening under controlled conditions. Disease development was quantitatively assessed for QDR-related traits over 4 years postinoculation. To reveal the genomic architecture contributing to QDR-related traits, a set of genes related to disease resistance with genome-wide distribution was selected for targeted sequencing for genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The genome-wide association study revealed a set of SNPs significantly associated with quantitative traits for limber pine QDR to white pine blister rust, including number of needle spots and stem cankers, as well as survival 4 years postinoculation. The peaks of marker-trait associations displayed a polygenic pattern, with genomic regions as potential resistant quantitative trait loci, distributed over 10 of the 12 linkage groups (LGs) of Pinus. None of them was linked to the Cr4-controlled major gene resistance previously mapped on LG08. Both normal canker and bole infection were mapped on LG05, and the associated SNPs explained their phenotypic variance up to 52%, tagging a major resistant quantitative trait locus. Candidate genes containing phenotypically associated SNPs encoded putative nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat proteins, leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like kinase, cytochrome P450 superfamily protein, heat shock cognate protein 70, glutamate receptor, RNA-binding family protein, and unknown protein. The confirmation of resistant quantitative trait loci broadens the genetic pool of limber pine resistance germplasm for resistance breeding.

Magneto-optical-like effect in tight focusing of azimuthally polarized sine-Gaussian beams.

Magneto-optical effects, which have been known for over a century, are among the most fundamental phenomena in physics and describe changes in the polarization state of light when it interacts with magnetic materials. When a polarized plane wave propagates in or through a homogeneous and isotropic transparent medium, it is generally accepted that its transverse polarization structure remains unchanged. However, we show that a strong radial polarization component can be generated when an azimuthally polarized sine-Gaussian plane wave is tightly focused by a high numerical aperture lens, resulting in a magneto-optical-like effect that does not require external magnetic field or magnetic medium. Calculations show that the intensity structure and polarization distribution of the highly confined electric field strongly depend on the parameters m and φ0 in the sinusoidal term, where m can be used to control the number of the multifocal spots and φ0 can be used to control the position of each focal spot. Finally, we show that this peculiar electric field distribution can be used to realize multiple particles trapping with controllable numbers and locations.

Early Onset of Mycosis Fungoides

Introduction. Mycosis Fungoides (MF) is a primary epidermotropic T-cell lymphoma characterized by clonal proliferation of small and medium-sized T-lymphocytes with cerebriform nuclei. MF accounts for ≥ 50 % of all cutaneous lymphomas.The purpose of the study — description of a rare clinical observation of the debut of the development of Mycosis Fungoides in a patient in adolescence.Materials and methods. To verify the diagnosis, pathomorphological and immunohistochemical examination of a skin biopsy from the most infiltrated tumor-like lesion was used. The patient, born in 1978, turned to the clinic of Ural Research Institute of Dermatovenerology and Immunopathology with complaints of rashes on the skin of the trunk, accompanied by itching and soreness. Patient had been ill since the age of 16, when he first noticed the appearance of red spots on the skin of the chest without subjective sensations. In the last year he noted a significant deterioration of the disease: an increase in the number of spots, an increase in the intensity of itching, the appearance of tumor-like elements on the skin of the buttocks. In December 2022, he visited a dermatovenerologist and, in order to clarify the diagnosis, was sent to the Ural Research Institute of Dermatovenerology and Immunopathology.Discussion. The etiopathogenesis of the disease and the analysis of the few literature sources on the topic allows us to see the difficulty in early diagnosis and diagnosis in patients with early clinical manifestations of GM.Results. This clinical case demonstrates the possibility of the debut of GM in adolescence, the complexity of diagnosis in the early stages of development.Conclusion. The clinical case demonstrates the debut of GM in adolescence, emphasizes the need for clinical oncological alertness among dermatovenerologists.

Extensive Endolaser During Vitrectomy for Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Is Associated With Epiretinal Membrane Formation.

Epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation, a common complication following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair, is associated with vision loss and metamorphopsias. Although laser retinopexy is generally associated with ERM formation, the correlation between the extent of laser treatment and ERM formation during PPV is not well established. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with ERM formation including extend of endolaser retinopexy after PPV for primary RRD. A retrospective, observational case series of 181 consecutive patients (185 eyes) who underwent PPV for primary RRD repair by a single surgeon was performed. Charts were reviewed by two independent reviewers, and de-identified data including patient characteristics and intraoperative findings such as number of laser spots placed were recorded. Postoperative ERM formation occurred in 75 eyes (40.5%) of which 68 (90.6%) were Stage 1, two (2.6%) were Stage 2, three (4%) were Stage 3, and two (2.6%) were Stage 4. Only one patient required secondary PPV for visually significant ERM. Patients with ERM had significantly more laser spots compared with patients with no ERM, with a mean of 807 and 519 laser spots respectively (95% CI: 387.6 to -187.3; P < 0.0001). Univariable analysis identified ≥750 endolaser spots (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0, 95% CI: 2.0 to 8.4; P < 0.0001), ≥4 retinal tears (OR = 2.8, 95%: CI 1.4 to 6.4; P = 0.005), and female sex (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.7; P = 0.02) as significantly associated factors. After adjusting for potential confounding factors (ie, age, sex, macula status, lattice degeneration, length of symptoms, vitreous hemorrhage, number of endolaser spots, number of retinal tears) in multivariable logistic regression, ≥ 750 endolaser spots (OR = 2.4; P = 0.04) and female sex (OR = 2.4; P = 0.03) persisted as significant independent factors. Our study identified ≥ 750 laser spots and female sex as independent risk factors for ERM formation following PPV for RRD with an OR of 2.4 each. Although the incidence of ERM formation was generally high (40.5%), only one case required secondary PPV with ERM peeling, and visual outcomes were comparable between patients with and without ERM at final follow up. While endolaser photocoagulation is critical for successful RRD repair, consideration of the risk of ERM formation with extensive laser exposure is warranted. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2024;55:326-333.].

SISS-MCO: large scale sparsity-induced spot selection for fast and fully-automated robust multi-criteria optimisation of proton plans

Objective. Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is an emerging treatment modality for cancer. However, treatment planning for IMPT is labour-intensive and time-consuming. We have developed a novel approach for multi-criteria optimisation (MCO) of robust IMPT plans (SISS-MCO) that is fully automated and fast, and we compare it for head and neck, cervix, and prostate tumours to a previously published method for automated robust MCO (IPBR-MCO, van de Water 2013). Approach. In both auto-planning approaches, the applied automated MCO of spot weights was performed with wish-list driven prioritised optimisation (Breedveld 2012). In SISS-MCO, spot weight MCO was applied once for every patient after sparsity-induced spot selection (SISS) for pre-selection of the most relevant spots from a large input set of candidate spots. IPBR-MCO had several iterations of spot re-sampling, each followed by MCO of the weights of the current spots. Main results. Compared to the published IPBR-MCO, the novel SISS-MCO resulted in similar or slightly superior plan quality. Optimisation times were reduced by a factor of 6 i.e. from 287 to 47 min. Numbers of spots and energy layers in the final plans were similar. Significance. The novel SISS-MCO automatically generated high-quality robust IMPT plans. Compared to a published algorithm for automated robust IMPT planning, optimisation times were reduced on average by a factor of 6. Moreover, SISS-MCO is a large scale approach; this enables optimisation of more complex wish-lists, and novel research opportunities in proton therapy.

Spatial Cluster Change of Schistosoma japonicum Transmission Foci in Indonesia During the Schistosomiasis Elimination Program.

The Government of Indonesia committed to eliminating schistosomiasis by 2025. Collaboratively snail control became one of the crucial strategies to ensure that the prevalence ofSchistosoma japonicuminOncomelania hupensis lindoensisreaches zero by the end of the program. This research investigated the spatial cluster change ofS. japonicumtransmission foci in Indonesia between 2017 and 2021. We mapped the snail foci, collected the snails, and calculated the snail density. We also conducted laboratory tests to detect the existence of cercariae in the snails. Identified infected snails were used to calculate the infection rate (IR) or snails' prevalence of schistosome cercariae among freshwater snails. We then analysed the spatial cluster using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic to identify the hot and cold spots. The 5-year schistosomiasis elimination program successfully declined 18.84% of the snail foci and reduced 40.37% of the infected snail foci. Local spatial autocorrelation of snail density and infection rate identified that in 2017 and 2021, the number of cold spots decreased by 53.91% and 0%, while hot spots increased by 2.63% and 56.1%. The presence of more hotspots suggests a rise in the number of foci with high snail density and infection rates. The implementation of snail control was not optimal, and the parasite transmission through domestic animals still existed, causing the spatial cluster of hot spots to change during this period. Most hotspots have been observed near settlements, primarily in cocoa plantations, developed and deserted rice fields, grassland, and bush wetlands. During the schistosomiasis elimination program, the number of hot spots increased while cold spots decreased, and there were notable changes in the geographical distribution of hot spots, indicating a shift in the clustering pattern of schistosomiasis cases. The findings become essential for policymakers, particularly in selecting priority areas for intervention. In the Discussion section, we demonstrated the selection process based on the existence of hot and cold spots. Furthermore, we proposed that enhancing cross-sector integration is crucial, particularly in connection with the management of S. japonicum transmission through domestic animals.

Comparison of Taxi-in and Taxi-out Times by Airport Hub Classification and Number of Hot Spots

Comparison of Taxi-in and Taxi-out Times by Airport Hub Classification and Number of Hot Spots

Factors Affecting Selection of TraineE for Neurointervention (FASTEN).

Neurointervention is a very competitive specialty in the United States due to the limited number of training spots and the larger pool of applicants. The training standards are continuously updated to ensure solid training experiences. Factors affecting candidate(s) selection have not been fully established yet. Our study aims to investigate the factors influencing the selection process. A 52-question survey was distributed to 93 program directors (PDs). The survey consisted of six categories: (a) Program characteristics, (b) Candidate demographics, (c) Educational credentials, (d) Personal traits, (e) Research and extracurricular activities, and (f) Overall final set of characteristics. The response rate was 59.1%. As per the programs' characteristics, neurosurgery was the most involved specialty in running the training programs (69%). Regarding demographics, the need for visa sponsorship held the greatest prominence with a mean score of 5.9 [standard deviation (SD) 2.9]. For the educational credentials, being a graduate from a neurosurgical residency and the institution where the candidate's residency training is/was scored the highest [5.4 (SD = 2.9), 5.4 (SD = 2.5), respectively]. Regarding the personal traits, assessment by faculty members achieved the highest score [8.9 (SD = 1)]. In terms of research/extracurricular activities, fluency in English had the highest score [7.2 (SD = 1.9)] followed by peer-reviewed/PubMed-indexed publications [6.4 (SD = 2.2)]. Our survey investigated the factors influencing the final decision when choosing the future neurointerventional trainee, including demographic, educational, research, and extracurricular activities, which might serve as valuable guidance for both applicants and programs to refine the selection process.

High-Throughput Two-Photon 3D Printing Enabled by Holographic Multi-Foci High-Speed Scanning.

The emerging two-photon polymerization (TPP) technique enables high-resolution printing of complex 3D structures, revolutionizing micro/nano additive manufacturing. Various fast scanning and parallel processing strategies have been proposed to promote its efficiency. However, obtaining large numbers of uniform focal spots for parallel high-speed scanning remains challenging, which hampers the realization of higher throughput. We report a TPP printing platform that combines galvanometric mirrors and liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator (LCoS-SLM). By setting the target light field at LCoS-SLM's diffraction center, sufficient energy is acquired to support simultaneous polymerization of over 400 foci. With fast scanning, the maximum printing speed achieves 1.49 × 108 voxels s-1, surpassing the existing scanning-based TPP methods while maintaining high printing resolution and flexibility. To demonstrate the processing capability, functional 3D microstructure arrays are rapidly fabricated and applied in micro-optics and micro-object manipulation. Our method may expand the prospects of TPP in large-scale micro/nanomanufacturing.

First direct machine-specific parameters incorporated in Spot-scanning Proton Arc (SPArc) optimization algorithm.

Spot-scanning Proton Arc (SPArc) has been of significant interest in recent years because of its superior plan quality. Currently, the primary focus of research and development is on deliverability and treatment efficiency. To address the challenges in generating a deliverable and efficient SPArc plan for a proton therapy system with a massive gantry, we developed a novel SPArc optimization algorithm (SPArcDMPO) by directly incorporating the machine-specific parameters such as gantry mechanical constraints and proton delivery sequence. SPArc delivery sequence model (DSMarc) was built based on the machine-specific parameters of the prototype arc delivery system, IBA ProteusONE®, including mechanical constraint (maximum gantry speed, acceleration, and deceleration) and proton delivery sequence (energy and spot delivery sequence, and irradiation time). SPArcDMPO resamples and adjusts each control point's delivery speed based on the DSMarc calculation through the iterative approach. In SPArcDMPO, users could set a reasonable arc delivery time during the plan optimization, which aims to minimize the gantry momentum changes and improve the delivery efficiency. Ten cases were selected to test SPArcDMPO. Two kinds of SPArc plans were generated using the same planning objective functions: (1) original SPArc plan (SPArcoriginal); (2) SPArcDMPO plan with a user-pre-defined delivery time. Additionally, arc delivery sequence was simulated based on the DSMarc and was compared. Treatment delivery time was compared between SPArcoriginal and SPArcDMPO. Dynamic arc delivery time, the static irradiation time, and its corresponding time differential (time differential=dynamic arc delivery time-static irradiation time) were analyzed, respectively. The total gantry velocity change was accumulated throughout the treatment delivery. With a similar plan quality, objective value, number of energy layers, and spots, both SPArcoriginal and SPArcDMPO plans could be delivered continuously within the±1 degree tolerance window. However, compared to the SPArcoriginal, the strategy of SPArcDMPO is able to reduce the time differential from 30.55±11.42%(90±32 s) to 14.67±6.97%(42±20 s), p<0.01. Furthermore, the corresponding total variations of gantry velocity during dynamic arc delivery are mitigated (SPArcoriginal vs. SPArcDMPO) from 14.73±9.14 degree/s to 4.28±2.42 degree/s, p<0.01. Consequently, the SPArcDMPO plans could minimize the gantry momentum change based on the clinical user's input compared to the SPArcoriginal plans, which could help relieve the mechanical challenge of accelerating or decelerating the massive proton gantry. For the first time, clinical users not only could generate a SPArc plan meeting the mechanical constraint of their proton system but also directly control the arc treatment speed and momentum changes of the gantry during the plan optimization process. This work paved the way for the routine clinical implementation of proton arc therapy in the treatment planning system.

Safety and therapeutic efficacy of 577 nm yellow solid krypton laser for retinopathy of prematurity; A prospective pilot study.

To evaluate the outcome of 577 nm yellow solid krypton laser as an independent treatment modality for Retinopathy of Prematurity. Prospective, non-comparative, non-randomized, interventional. A prospective pilot study was conducted on 30 treatment eyes with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who underwent treatment with a 577 nm yellow solid state krypton laser. 3nethraNEO pediatric retinal imaging system was used to screen these infants born between March to August 2022. Pre procedure data such as gestational age (weeks), birth weight (g), and exposure to risk factors were recorded. Power (mW), exposure duration (msec), and number of laser spots administered were noted. Pain was assessed using the Neonatal Pain/Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS). Post procedure data such as regression, persistence or reactivation of disease, and adverse effects were looked for. All eyes were followed up for a period of 3 months. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test. Out of 30 eyes, 09 (30%) had type I and 21 (70%) had non-type I ROP. In type I disease, the mean power used was 88+/-10 mW with exposure duration of 130+/-27 msec and an average number of 890+/-260 burns were administered. In non-type I disease, the mean power used was 87+/-10 mW with an exposure duration of 150 ms and an average number of 900+/-290 burns were administered. The mean pain score calculated was 5 in type I and 6 in non-type I ROP. All eyes showed regression of disease after treatment. 577 nm yellow solid krypton laser was safe and effective in treating retinopathy of prematurity disease.

Abstract TMP68: Proximal Balloon Occlusion With Forced Aspiration (POWER) Technique Should Be Effective in Preventing Distal Microembolization During Carotid Artery Stenting With the Filter Protection Device

Purpose: Since the balloon protection device became unavailable in Japan three years ago, the DWI-positive rate after carotid artery stenting (CAS) has increased. We have developed a Proximal balloon Occlusion With forcEd aspiRation (POWER) technique to prevent distal embolization in CAS with the filter protection device. The concept of this technique was to standardize the three points: (1) aspiration force, (2) timing of aspiration and (3) use of balloon guiding. To standardize (1), a VACLOK (vacuum pressure) syringe-like system was used instead of manual aspiration, so that the same aspiration force was applied. To standardize (2), aspiration was to be initiated just before PTA balloon deflation during pre- and post-dilatation. Methods: From June 2020 to the present, CAS cases using the Filter protection device were enrolled and divided into two groups before and after the introduction of the POWER technique. Patient backgrounds, carotid artery characteristics (symptomatic, stenosis rate and length, MRI and echographic findings), PTA balloon size, stent type, the postoperative DWI positive rate and the number of DWI spots, and the symptomatic stroke rate were compared between the two groups, respectively. Results: Of the 55 CAS cases, 36 were enrolled in the without-POWER group and 19 in the with-POWER group. Between the two groups, postoperative DWI positivity was 32 (88.9%) vs. 9 (47.4%) (p&lt;0.001), DWI spot lesions (n, median (quartiles)) was 9 (3-20) vs. 0 (0-2) (p&lt;0.001), and symptomatic stroke was 6 (16.7%) vs. 0 (0%) (p=0.06), all with-POWER group were less common. Symptomatic stenosis (63.9% vs. 94.7%, p&lt;0.05) was more common in the with-POWER group. There were no differences in age, gender, stenosis rate and length, open cell stent, PTA balloon size, MRA TOF high, MRI T1BB high, hypoechoic plaque, HT, DL, DM, CKD, smoking or DAPT use. Conclusion: POWER technique was associated with lower postoperative DWI positivity and lesion counts in CAS with filter protection device.