With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the combination of physical education and modern technology has become the development trend of today’s physical education. Especially in the context of the reform of the education system, the connection between artificial intelligence and physical education is getting closer and closer and it has penetrated into all aspects of physical education. In terms of sports management, the sports management method based on big data artificial intelligence has gradually replaced the traditional manual management method and promoted the development of physical education. Strengthening the information management of physical education teaching and providing high-quality and efficient physical education information for physical education managers and teachers are an important part of the current school physical education teaching work. The establishment of sports resource information big data platform is the key to the integration and sharing of sports resources. This paper discusses the relevant theories of artificial intelligence and studies the current status of the application of sports resources. A physical education resource information management system based on artificial intelligence is constructed. The feasibility of the system is verified by the number of system visitors and the distribution of user populations, and the real-time information, effectiveness, students’ learning initiative, and teachers’ teaching initiative of this system and the original system are compared and analyzed. The results show that the average score of the real-time information of the original system is 74.28 points, the average score of effective information is 82.29 points, the average score of students’ learning initiative is 74.97 points, and the average score of teachers’ teaching initiative is 82.98 points. The average score of real-time information in the new system is 92.05 points, the average score of information effectiveness is 93.34 points, the average score of students’ learning initiative is 82.69 points, and the average score of teachers’ teaching initiative is 90.46 points. The real-time information and information effectiveness scores of the new system are higher than those of the original system, and the scores of students’ learning initiative and teachers’ teaching initiative are higher than those of the original system.