Sport Participation Behavior Research Articles

An Empirical Study of Participation Motivation on College Students’ Sports Participation Behavior

The sports participation motivation has an important influence on the sports participation behavior of college students. The paper adopts the empirical research method of questionnaire survey, based on 1480 samples from more than a dozen colleges and universities, through statistical analysis, to explore the influence of sports participation motivation on college students’ sports participation behavior. The study found that: there is a significant correlation between the participation motivation and college students’ sports participation behavior. The research conclusion has important theoretical significance for stimulating the college students’ sports participation motivation by various methods and guiding them to be active in the sports participation.

Who Will Be More Active in Sports Participation? —Analysis of College Students’ Sports Participation Behavior Based on Demographic Characteristics

The personal basic attributes are an important factor affecting the sports participation behavior of college students. Based on a survey of 1480 questionnaires from more than a dozen colleges and universities, using T-test and ANOVA analysis, we can find that: college students with different genders and majors have significant differences in their sports participation behaviors, but there are no significant differences in their sports participation behaviors with different family backgrounds, political affiliations, and grades. The research conclusions have important theoretical significance for scientifically guiding college students to be active in sports participation.

Sports participation during a lockdown. How COVID-19 changed the sports frequency and motivation of participants in club, event, and online sports

ABSTRACT The impact of the COVID-19 crisis and its related measures on how people practice and experience leisure continues to be significant. In the current study, a survey measuring sport participation during the third week of the first lockdown, that started on the 18th of March 2020 and has been gradually loosened as of the 18th of April 2020, was carried out among 13,515 Flemish citizens. Through a canonical correlation analysis, four clusters of COVID-19-sports-participants are distinguished, i.e. people who experience restrictions when it comes to (i) time and sports infrastructure, (ii) closed sports clubs and cancelled event activities, (iii) time and fear/sickness, and (iv) those who experience no impact. Logistic regression results indicate that participants with online sports experience have a (more) positive effect on their sports participation behaviour, while less missing and having to adapt their previous sports behaviour. The opposite is found for sports club members, while former sports event participation has a positive effect on sports frequency, but a negative effect on their motivation. The results of both analyses give insight into the role that different policy instruments (i.e. sports clubs, events, type of sports) play in keeping different clusters of sports participants motivated to stay sports-active.

Relationships Among Extreme Sports Participation, Sensation Seeking, and Negative Risky Behaviors of Middle-School Students.

Objective: The aim was to investigate the relationships among extreme sports participation, sensation seeking, and negative risky behaviors (smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling) for middle-school students.Methods: Using a convenience sampling procedure, all students from a middle school in a district of Chongqing were selected to participate in the survey, which included questions on their extreme sports participation rate, and smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling behavior.Results: A sample of 2,987 middle-school students participated in this study. The results showed that the proportions of students participating in extreme sports, smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling were 19.9, 4.8, 18.4, and 3.0%, respectively. There were significant differences between different genders, schools, place of residence, smoking, drinking, gambling, and sensation seeking of the participation rate of students of extreme sports, the rate of boys, junior middle-school students, urban students, smokers, alcohol drinkers, gamblers, and high-sensation-seeking students were relatively higher than that of girls, senior middle-school students, rural students, no-smokers, no-alcohol drinkers, no-gamblers, and low-sensation-seeking students. Alcohol drinking, gambling, and sensation seeking were associated with extreme sports participation, and the students who drank alcohol, who gambled, and who were high sensation seeking were more likely to participate in extreme sports than those who did not drink alcohol, who did not gamble, and who were low sensation seeking.Conclusion: Middle schools should integrate extreme sports education into physical education and risky-behavior education, strengthen relevant knowledge and safety training, and guide students to meet their sensation-seeking needs through participation in extreme sports instead of risky behaviors.

The Effect of Informal Gatherings on Sustainable Participation in Leisure Sport Activities: The Case of South Korea

Do informal gatherings with members in group leisure sports increase satisfaction and sustainable participation? The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of informal gatherings with regard to self-determined motivation (SDM), leisure satisfaction (LS), and intention to participate sustainably (INPS) in the context of group leisure sports. An empirical analysis of a sample of 423 adults participating in group leisure sports was conducted. Structural equation modeling revealed that SDM exerted a statistically significant impact on LS, and, in turn, LS was conducive to INPS. The multigroup analysis indicated that informal gatherings played a significant moderating role in the relationship between non-self-determined extrinsic motivation and LS. Certain sociodemographic characteristics and sports participation behavior were ascertained as control variables. This study theoretically contributes to the expansion of self-determination theory, affirming the effect of informal gatherings as a unique variable and suggesting practical implications for sustainable leisure participation.

Reconceptualizing a model of demonstration effects: integrating rational, affective, and behavioral constructs

ABSTRACT Research question Research examining demonstration effects has been criticized for being atheoretical and lacking evidence of any behavioral effect. Drawing from dual-process decision-making models, the purpose of this study was to examine how rational and affective motivational mechanisms influence youths’ intention and participatory behavior after watching an elite sport event. Research methods Data were collected from 318 youth post-spectating an elite track cycling event. Post-event questionnaires measured rational and affective motivational antecedents of intention, while the behavior was measured through sport program participation within one year following the event. Results and findings Structural equation modeling revealed that rational (i.e. attitude toward the behavior, perceived behavioral control, descriptive norm) and affective (i.e. inspiration) motivational mechanisms significantly predicted intention, and intention, was a small but statistically significant predictor of participation. Implications Scholars should consider the integration of both rational (e.g. participation constraints) and affective-based (e.g. inspiration) motivational mechanisms when modeling sport participation behaviors. Practitioners should consider designing event leveraging strategies that expand youth’s social networks (e.g. youth activities during event intermissions) and create experiential conditions which induce a state of inspiration (e.g. having athletes speak to youth after the event).

The association of sport participation behaviors with throwing-arm health in Little League Baseball pitchers

There is increasing concern about the role sport specialization might play in the increasing injury rates observed among youth baseball pitchers. However, existing research on specialization in baseball has focused on high school and professional baseball populations. We hypothesized that pitchers who were highly specialized, reported pitching more than eight months in the past year, received private coaching, or pitched with pain or fatigue in the previous year would report worse throwing-arm health. One-hundred eighty-four Little League pitchers (boys N= 181, age 9.8 ± 1.6 years old) between 7 and 12 years of age completed an anonymous, online questionnaire with their parents' assistance. The questionnaire consisted of participant demographics, sport specialization status, months of pitching per year, whether they traveled regularly to participate in showcases, if they received private coaching, whether they pitched with elbow or shoulder pain, whether they pitched with fatigue, and the Youth Throwing Score (YTS), a valid and reliable patient-reported outcome measure for youth baseball players. The associations between variables of interest and YTS were examined using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for covariates. Sport specialization, pitching year-round, and receiving private coaching were not associated with the YTS (P > .05). Pitching with pain in the previous year was associated with a worse YTS score than pitching without pain (least square mean [standard error]: 49.6 [1.8] vs. 57.8 [1.1], P < .001). Similarly, pitching with fatigue in the previous year was associated with worse YTS scores (least square mean [standard error]: 52.1 [1.4] vs. 55.3 [1.3], P= .01). Pitchers who reported traveling regularly for showcases scored worse on the YTS compared with those who did not travel regularly for showcase events (least square mean [standard error]: 51.0 [2.0] vs. 56.4 [0.9], P= .01). Pitching with pain or fatigue was associated with worse throwing-arm health in Little League baseball pitchers. While traveling at least once a month to participate in showcases was also associated with worse throwing-arm health, specialization and private coaching were not related to worse throwing health. Clinicians working with pediatric patient populations should be aware that while the factors examined in this article were reported relatively infrequently, screening for Little League pitchers who participate in showcases or pitch with pain or fatigue may be an effective strategy for identifying these individuals who are at higher risk of injury.

Analysis of the Structural Relationship of Sports Participation and Ego-Resilience in the Health-Promoting Behavior of Korean Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background:We aimed to verify the structural relationship between sports participation, ego-resilience, and health-promoting behavior of Korean adolescents in a pandemic situation.Methods:In Nov 2020, an online survey was conducted with 751 adolescents in Korea. The data obtained through the survey were analyzed in several ways, including frequency, reliability, confirmatory factor, descriptive statistical, and path analyses.Results:Sports participation had a positive effect on ego-resilience and health-promoting behavior, while egoresilience has a positive effect on health-promoting behavior. Overall, sports participation directly affects health-promoting behavior and that an indirect effect occurs through ego-resilience.Conclusion:Educational institutions such as schools and the Korea Offices of Education should devise various measures so that adolescents growing up in a global pandemic situation can strengthen their health-promoting behavior by securing ego-resilience through participation in various sports.

Identification and evaluation of beliefs about sport participation among South Korean university students

Objective: To identify and evaluate salient beliefs about sport participation among South Korean university students. Participants: Total 234 undergraduate students were recruited in the main study from one university located in Seoul, South Korea. Methods: An elicitation study was conducted to identify salient beliefs about sport participation. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the effects of the elicited salient beliefs on intention to participate in sports and sport participation behavior. Results: Four of ten salient beliefs identified from the elicitation study (i.e., “builds social relationship,” “makes me tired,” “takes too much time,” and “friends”) indirectly affected sport participation behavior through intention. Conclusion: The four salient beliefs may play a critical role in developing effective interventions or policies for promoting sport participation.

Extracurricular Sports Participation and Sedentary Behavior in Association with Dietary Habits and Obesity Risk in Children and Adolescents and the Role of Family Structure: a Literature Review.

Childhood obesity is considered a major problem in the modern world, associated with many health issues in youth. This review aimed the association between extracurricular sports participation, sedentary time/screen time, and "obesogenic" and "non-obesogenic" dietary habits among youth and to explore the role of family structure on the adoption of sedentary behaviors by children. Increased participation in extracurricular sports was associated with a healthier dietary pattern, containing more "non-obesogenic" food choices. Opposite results were indicated by sedentary activities. Increased time in watching TV, computer/electronic games, and other screen devices was positively associated with unhealthy dietary patterns. Overall, extracurricular activities influence the quality of food choices, which may prevent or promote childhood obesity; thus, sport-related activities should be promoted through public health policies. The role of the family structure is contradictory.

An Analysis of the Levels of Citizen Participation of Principals' Public Sports Participation Behavior and the Cause of Internet Popularity

体育参与行为；公民参与层级；网络爆红；校长

Sustainable Reciprocity Mechanism of Social Initiatives in Sport: The Mediating Effect of Gratitude

The study aims to explore a conceptual model for the sustainable reciprocity relationships in sport-based initiatives and empirically test the model and its underlying mechanism in the context of a real sport-based national initiative. Adapting a seminal work from social work literature as a theoretical framework and the following measurement for the social impact of sport from sport management literature, a conceptual model addressing sport participation, gratitude, social benefits, and prosocial behaviors is presented. Two separate surveys were conducted through face-to-face interviews with independent and random samples representing the Singaporean residents in October 2014 for Study 1 (n = 500) and February 2015 for Study 2 (n = 501). The results demonstrate that the frequency of participation in a range of daily sport activities of a national sport initiative positively influences the perceived value of social capital and health literacy through the mediation effect of gratitude. The study also demonstrates that participation in sport activities positively influences prosocial behavioral intention through the serial mediation effect of gratitude and social capital. The findings implies how we better understand and utilize the dynamic power of gratitude to sustain the win–win relationships to multi-stakeholders in the contexts of sport-based initiatives based on the nature of reciprocity.

Sport Spectatorship and Health Benefits: A Case of a Japanese Professional Golf Tournament.

It has been well-argued that professional sport or mega sport events could serve as a catalyst for sport participation behaviors through direct and indirect trickle-down effects. However, there is limited research exploring the impact of spectator services during sport events on personal and collective well-being. Elaborating on the social-ecological model and the concept of market demand, this study attempted to fill the gap in the literature by measuring core product (player attraction, event attractiveness, and course characteristics) and peripheral spectator services (event services, event information, event amenity, and parking and transportation) of a professional golf tournament hosted in Japan and examining how these services factors would influence spectators’ length of stay at a golf event, physical activity as measured by step counts, self-rated health, and life satisfaction. Following the administration of a questionnaire to spectators at a Japanese professional golf tournament (n = 306) and conducting confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses, research findings revealed that the tournament-related spectator services would have an influence on physical activity, which could in turn influence self-rated health and subsequently impact life satisfaction. That is, emphasizing the sense of accomplishment fulfilled in sport spectatorship is recommended for the well-being of the spectators. The findings of this study shed light on the significance of promoting golf spectatorship as an effective means to facilitate a healthy lifestyle and in the meantime provide golf event marketers with a unique, positive benefit through which their events can be promoted.

From secondary school to university: associations between sport participation and total and domain-specific sedentary behaviours in Spanish students.

Effective ways to reduce sedentary behaviour in adolescents are needed to mitigate the risk of chronic disease and poor mental health. Organised sport participation is the most practiced physical activity during adolescence. However, the influence sport participation has on sedentary behaviours remains unclear. This study investigated the associations between sport participation, total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour and physical activity during the transition from secondary school to university. A 3-year longitudinal survey followed Spanish secondary school students (n = 113) to their first year of university. Generalized linear models, adjusted by gender and year, assessed the relationships between sport participation, total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour and physical activity. Compared with non-sport participants, teenagers who played individual sports from baseline during secondary school spent significantly less total time sitting (- 110.5min/day at weekends), watching television (- 18.7min/day at weekends) or using the computer for leisure (- 37.4min/day weekdays). Those who played team sports from baseline at secondary school spent less time sitting (- 126.4min/day at weekends) or socialising (- 37min/day at weekends)Conclusion: From secondary school to university, sport participation-based interventions might be an effective strategy to reduce sitting time spent on some domain-specific behaviours. Promoting sports could reduce the rise of sedentary behaviour during adolescence, a stage where sedentary behaviour evolves. What is Known: • Sitting too much and for too long is an important risk factor during adolescence. • Replacing adolescent's sedentary time with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity has been associated with a better quality of life. What is New: • Playing sport is associated with spending less time in total SB on the transition from high school to college. • Not all SB domains are linked to sport participation with associations differing from whether participants played individual or team sports.

Assessment of Sports Participation Behaviour and the Constraints Encountered by College Adolescents in India

Assessment of Sports Participation Behaviour and the Constraints Encountered by College Adolescents in India

Sport participation, physical activity and sedentary behavior in the transition from middle school to high school

ObjectivesTo examine associations between sport participation, and objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior in youth during the transition from middle school to high school. DesignLongitudinal study with 2-year follow-up. MethodsSport participation and accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed in 306 children (122 males, 184 females) when they were in 7th and 9th grades (mean age of 12.5 ± 0.5 years). ResultsSport participation and physical activity declined from 7th to 9th grade, but total physical activity (d = 0.38, p < 0.0001) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (d = 0.26, p = 0.0004) remained higher in sport participants compared to non-participants. In 9th grade, the full sample of sport participants compared to non-participants had higher levels of total physical activity (20.7 min/h vs. 18.5 min/h) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (1.8 min/h vs. 1.6 min/h). Sex-specific analysis revealed similar patterns in both females and males. Sedentary behavior remained lower (d = -0.37, p = <0.0001) in the full sample of sport participants compared to non-participants (39.8 min/h vs. 41.7 min/h) in 9th grade. Similar patterns were observed in both females and males. ConclusionsChildren’s participation in sport is associated with greater levels of physical activity and lower levels of sedentary behavior during the transition from middle school to high school. Promoting children’s participation in sports could be an effective public health strategy to help children meet the current physical activity guideline.

Associations between family structure and young people\u2019s physical activity and screen time behaviors

BackgroundIdentifying factors that can influence young peoples’ physical activity and sedentary behaviors is important for the development of effective interventions. The family structure in which children grow up may be one such factor. As the prevalence of single parent and reconstituted families have increased substantially over the last decades, the objective of this study was to examine whether these family structures are differentially associated with young people’s MVPA, participation in organized sports and screen-time activities (screen-based passive entertainment, gaming, other screen-based activities) as compared to traditional nuclear families.MethodsThe data stem from the 2013/2014 “Health Behaviour in School- aged Children (HBSC) study”. A large Norwegian sample of 11–16 years old students (n = 4509) participated. Cluster-adjusted regression models were estimated using full information maximum likelihood with robust standard errors (MLR).ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, living with a single parent was negatively associated with days/week with 60 min MVPA (b = −.39, 95%CI: −.58, −.20), and positively associated with hours/weekday of total screen time (b = .50, 95%CI: .08, .93). Young people living with a single parent were also more likely to report no participation in organized sports (OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.79). Living in a reconstituted family was negatively associated with days/week with 60 min MVPA (b = −.31, 95%CI: −.53, −.08), and positively associated with hours/weekday of total screen time (b = .85, 95%CI: .37, 1.33). For all outcomes, the interaction effects of family structure with sex, and with having siblings were not statistically significant. For material affluence, a significant interaction effect was found for participation in organized sports (χ2 [4] =13.9, p = .008). Those living in a reconstituted family with low or high material affluence had an increased risk for not participating in organized sports whereas those with medium material affluence did not.ConclusionThis study suggests that living with a single parent or in reconstituted families was unfavorably associated with physical activity, sport participation and screen-based behaviors among Norwegian youth. The findings indicate that family structure could be an important factor to take into account in the development and testing of interventions. More in-depth research is needed to identify the mechanisms involved.

여가스포츠에서 관계성 효과 분석

Who feels happier between collective and individual sports participants? The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of relatedness on subjective well-being depending on the type of leisure sports. Accordingly, 788 adults participating in leisure sports in South Korea were divided into the categories of collective and individual leisure sports participants. Relatedness in sports, leisure sports participation behavior, leisure satisfaction, and subjective well-being were analyzed. The results of this study are as follows. First, collective leisure sports participants had higher mean values in leisure satisfaction as well as subjective well-being than individual ones. Additionally, the difference was statistically significant. Second, relatedness in sports bore a statistically significant impact on both leisure satisfaction and subjective well-being, regardless of the demographic characteristics as controlled variables. The importance of relatedness in leisure sports is discussed and academic and practical implications are provided in this study.

Associations between organised sport participation and classroom behaviour outcomes among primary school-aged children

IntroductionPhysical activity is positively associated with children’s classroom behaviour. However, less is known about how different types of physical activity contribute to these outcomes. This study examines associations between sport participation and classroom behaviour among primary school-aged children.MethodsParents of 568 children aged 9–11 years reported child sport participation and classroom behaviour outcomes (school functioning, inattention, classroom behaviour (fidgetiness), acting without thinking and poor concentration). Sport participation included: duration (hours/week) and type (individual; team; team and individual). Regression analyses assessed associations between sport participation and classroom behaviour outcomes. Analyses adjusted for maternal education, and objectively-measured overall physical activity, and accounted for clustering by recruitment centre. Sex differences in associations were explored as a secondary aim.ResultsIn comparison to children who did not participate in sport, children who participated in sport displayed less inattention/hyperactivity (individual sport: B = -1.00;95%CI:-1.90, -0.00; team sport:-0.88;95%CI:-1.73, -0.03) and less acting without thinking (individual sport: OR = 0.35;95%CI:0.13,0.98), after adjusting for overall physical activity. There were no sex differences in associations.ConclusionsFindings indicated sport participation, one form of physical activity, was associated with less inattention/hyperactivity and acting without thinking, over and above the influence of overall physical activity levels. Parents may consider sport as one way to contribute to their child’s overall physical activity levels, although the impact of organised sport on classroom behaviour is modest at best.

Moderating Effects of Gender and Life Cycle in the Relationship between Desired Self-Image and Sport Participation Behavior: A Multi-Group Analysis

ABSTRACTThis study examined the moderating effects of gender and life cycle characteristics in the relationship between desired self-image and sport participation behavior. Multigroup comparisons revealed that the moderating effects of gender and life cycle were most salient in groups with the interaction effect. Specifically, the group difference between young-male and non-young-male adults was significant, marginally significant, or noticeable in the relationships between lifestyle pursuance and personal involvement, between social self-presentation and personal involvement, between social self-presentation and money expenditure, and between personal involvement and money expenditure. Although some of the parameter comparisons between female and male groups and between young and mature groups were not statistically significant, they were quantitatively noticeable and practically meaningful. Findings of this study also shed a light on the importance of demographic characteristics in defining the boundary conditions of theoretical frameworks, especially in the context of sport consumption, which oftentimes involves a quite diverse consumer population.