Sports Medicine Clinic Research Articles

Differences in Pivot Leg Kinematics and Electromyography Activation in Various Round House Kicking Heights.

The round house kick (RHK) is a common technique in taekwondo (TKD). The kicking action originates from the dynamic stability of the pivot leg. However, some knee injuries are caused by more difficult kicking strategies, such as kicks to the opponent's head. This study analyses the effects on TKD players in the lower extremity kinematic and neuromuscular reactions from different kicking heights. This study recruited 12 TKD players (age=20.3 ± 1.3 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.09 m, mass = 62.17 ± 9.45 kg) with no previous lower extremity ligament injuries. All athletes randomly performed 3 RHK at different heights (head, chest, and abdomen), repeating each kick 5 times. During the RHK action, the kinematics and muscle activations of the pivot leg were collected using six high-speed cameras and electromyography devices. The results found that during the RHK return period a high kicking position demonstrated larger knee valgus with the straight knee, and more hamstring activation on the pivot leg. The RHK pivot foot for TKD players encountered more risk of injury from high target kicking. The hamstring muscle played an important stabilizing role. It is recommended that sports medicine clinicians or sports coaches use this information to provide further protective injury prevention strategies.

492-P: Glucose Level Recommendations for Vo2 Max Exercise Testing in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Glucose level recommendations have yet to be established for adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who participate in VO2 max exercise testing for clinical or strength and conditioning purposes. Although a decrease in glucose may be expected throughout, and immediately after exercise testing, a minimal pre-test glucose setpoint has not been established to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. Retrospective medical and sports medicine chart reviews were conducted of clinical pediatric sports medicine and physical activity program patients with a diagnosis of T1D (N = 24; mean age = 15.5 ± 1.7 years; male = 14, 58.3%) who participated in a modified Bruce protocol for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). The majority of the participants identified as non-Hispanic (n = 22, 91.7%) and white (n = 19, 79.2%). Their average body mass index (BMI) based on age and sex was in the 66th percentile ± 19.5 and their average hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 8.8% ± 1.8. Almost 2/3 of the participants (n = 15, 62.5%) wore a continuous glucose monitor. Their average VO2 max peak was 43.7 ml/kg/min ± 7.1. A paired-samples t-test was employed to detect a statistically significant reduction in glucose levels between pretest (< 30 minutes, mean = 191.1 mg/dl ± 61.2) and post-test VO2 max (< 5 minutes, mean = 166.7 mg/dl ± 57.9); t(21) = 2.3, p <. 05). The American Diabetes Association recommends that glucose levels do not fall below 70 mg/dl in order to prevent symptoms of hypoglycemia. These results demonstrated a mean decrease in glucose of 24.4 mg/dl and provide further data which can be used to set safety parameters and expectations for adolescents with T1D participating in VO2 max testing. Disclosure K. King: None. B. J. Thrasher: None. T. E. Mckay: None. K. A. Wintergerst: None.

Identifying Risk Factors of Upper Extremity Injuries in Collegiate Baseball Players: A Pilot Study.

BackgroundRepetitive pitching places tremendous forces on the shoulder and elbow which can lead to upper extremity (UE) or lower extremity (LE) overuse injuries.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate pre-season physical measurements in collegiate baseball players and track in-season baseball throwing volume to determine which factors may predict throwing overuse injuries.Study DesignRetrospective Cohort study.MethodsBaseline preseason mobility, strength, endurance, and perception of function were measured in 17 collegiate baseball pitchers. Participants were then followed during the course of the season to collect rate of individual exposure, estimated pitch volume, and rating of perceived exertion in order to determine if changes in workload contributed to risk of injury using an Acute-to-Chronic Workload ratio (ACWR).ResultsParticipants developing an injury had greater shoulder internal rotator strength (p=0.04) and grip strength in a neutral position (p=0.03). A significant relationship was identified between ACWR and UE injuries (p <0.001). Athletes with an ACWR above or below 33% were 8.3 (CI95 1.8-54.1) times more likely to suffer a throwing overuse injury occurring to the upper or lower extremity in the subsequent week.ConclusionACWR change in a positive or negative direction by 33% was the primary predictor of subsequent injury. This finding may assist sports medicine clinicians by using this threshold when tracking pitch volume to ensure a safe progression in workload during a baseball season to reduce the risk of sustaining overuse upper or lower extremity injuries.Level of Evidence3b

Boys gymnastics injuries: A 9-year retrospective review

ABSTRACT Objectives: Young male gymnasts are a frequently injured, yet infrequently studied population. Literature on gymnastics injuries has focused primarily on female gymnasts at elite and collegiate levels. Gymnastics equipment, rules, and training methods have continued to evolve over the past few decades so the previous data likely does not reflect current injury patterns. Our study aimed to provide a description of injury patterns for contemporary club-level, pre-collegiate male gymnasts. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 163 gymnastics injuries from 84 male subjects ages 4–19 years. Subjects were seen between 2010 and 2019 in pediatric sports medicine clinics. Gymnast demographics, injury locations, injury types, and gymnastics apparatus were collected as available. Results: Our cohort had a mean age of 12.5 ± 3.0 years, gymnastics participation for 8.1 ± 2.9 years, and gymnastics level of 7.4 ± 1.7. Overuse injuries (59.5%) were more common than acute injuries (40.5%). The most common injury locations were lower extremity (42.3%), followed by upper extremity (32.5%), spine/trunk (19.6%), and head/neck (5.5%). The leading injury types were strains (16.6%) and apophysitis (12.9%). The most common apparatus for injury was floor (25%) followed by vault (20%). Binomial logistic regressions revealed that higher gymnastics level (OR = 5.19, p = .031) and younger age (OR = 4.05, p = .012) were predictors of lower extremity injuries. Conclusion: Our data show that injuries among club-level, young male gymnasts were most frequently located in the lower extremities. This contrasts older studies of primarily elite male gymnasts where injuries were more common in upper extremities. Overuse injuries were most prevalent in our cohort, and the most frequent injury types were strains and apophysitis.

In Appreciation of Dr. Jack and Cheryl: Pioneers in the World of Sports Medicine

From the early days of the Allan McGavin Sports Medicine Clinic to the Olympic Games to Sunday brunch with family and friends, I have been privileged to know Dr. Jack and Cheryl Taunton for over 35 years. I humbly salute their accomplishments and inspiration far beyond the world of sport medicine and am forever grateful to be in their circle as athlete, colleague, and friend.

Body composition and bone mineral density in athletes with a physical impairment.

BackgroundThe impact of the type and the severity of disability on whole-body and regional body composition (BC), and bone mineral density (BMD) must be considered for dietary advice in athletes with a physical impairment (PI). This study aimed to investigate the impact of the type and the severity of disability on BC, the pattern of distribution of fat mass at the regional level, and BMD in athletes with a PI.MethodsForty-two male athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI, n = 24; age = 40.04 ± 9.95 years, Body Mass Index [BMI] = 23.07 ± 4.01 kg/m2) or unilateral lower limb amputation (AMP, n = 18; age = 34.39 ± 9.19 years, BMI = 22.81 ± 2.63 kg/m2) underwent a Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry scan. Each athlete with a PI was matched by age with an able-bodied athlete (AB, n = 42; age = 37.81 ± 10.31 years, BMI = 23.94 ± 1.8 kg/m2).ResultsOne-Way Analysis of Variance showed significant differences between the SCI, AMP and AB groups for percentage fat mass (%FM) (P < 0.001, eta squared = 0.440). Post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni’s correction showed that athletes with SCI had significantly higher %FM vs. the AMP and AB groups (25.45 ± 5.99%, 21.45 ± 4.21% and 16.69 ± 2.56%, respectively; P = 0.008 vs. AMP and P < 0.001 vs. AB). The %FM was also significantly higher in the AMP vs. the AB group (P < 0.001). Whole-body BMD was negatively affected in SCI athletes, with about half of them showing osteopenia or osteoporosis. In fact, the mean BMD and T-score values in the SCI group (1.07 ± 0.09 g/cm2 and −1.25 ± 0.85, respectively) were significantly lower in comparison with the AB group (P = 0.001 for both) as well as the AMP group (P = 0.008 for both). The type of disability affected BC and BMD in the trunk, android, gynoid and leg regions in SCI athletes and the impaired leg only in AMP athletes.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the type of disability and, partly, the severity of PI impact on BC and BMD in athletes with a PI. Nutritionists, sports medicine doctors, clinicians, coaches and physical conditioners should consider athletes with SCI or AMP separately. Athletes with a PI would benefit from specific nutrition and training programs taking into account the type of their disability.

Concurrent Validity of a Stationary Cycling Test and the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test in Adults With Concussion.

After concussion, a multifaceted assessment is recommended, including tests of physical exertion. The current criterion standard for exercise testing after concussion is the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT); however, validated tests that use alternative exercise modalities are lacking. To evaluate the feasibility and concurrent validity of a universal cycling test of exertion compared with the BCTT in adults who sustained a sport-related concussion. Crossover study. University sports medicine clinic. Twenty adults (age = 18-60 years) diagnosed with a sport-related concussion. Participants completed the BCTT and a cycling test of exertion in random order, approximately 48 hours apart. The primary outcome of interest was maximum heart rate (HRmax; beats per minute [bpm]). Secondary outcomes of interest were the total number of symptoms endorsed on the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, whether the participant reached volitional fatigue (yes or no), the symptom responsible for test cessation (Post-Concussion Symptom Scale), maximum rating of perceived exertion, symptom severity on a visual scale (0-10), and the time to test cessation. Of the 20 participants, 19 (10 males, 9 females) completed both tests. One participant did not return for the second test and was excluded from the analysis. No adverse events were reported. The median HRmax for the BCTT (171 bpm; interquartile range = 139-184 bpm) was not different from the median HRmax for the cycle (173 bpm; interquartile range = 160-182 bpm; z = -0.63; P = .53). For both tests, the 3 most frequently reported symptoms responsible for test cessation were headache, dizziness, and pressure in the head. Of interest, most participants (64%) reported a different symptom responsible for cessation of each test. On the novel cycling test of exertion, participants achieved similar HRmax and test durations and, therefore, this test may be a suitable alternative to the BCTT. Future research to understand the physiological reason for the heterogeneity in symptoms responsible for test cessation is warranted.

Factors Influencing College Football Players’ Beliefs About Incurring Football-Related Dementia

Background:Football participation is associated with risks to acute and long-term health, including the possibility of incurring football-related dementia. Concerns have been raised regarding media coverage of these risks, which may have influenced athletes’ beliefs. However, little is known about football players’ views on football-related dementia. The risk-perception literature suggests that related risk perceptions and features of individual cognition, such as the ability to switch to reasoned, deliberative thinking, may influence individual perception of a long-term risk.Purpose:To evaluate factors influencing college football players’ belief that they are likely to incur football-related dementia in the future.Study Design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:Members of 4 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Power 5 Football teams participated in this survey-based study, providing responses to demographic, athletic, and risk-posture questions, and completed the cognitive reflection test. Logistic regressions were used to evaluate relationships between beliefs about football-related dementia and factors including athletic and demographic characteristics, football risk posture, health-risk posture, and cognitive reflection test score.Results:About 10% of the 296 participating athletes thought football-related dementia was likely to occur in their future. Skill players had lower odds than linemen of believing that football-related dementia was likely (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.89). For each additional suspected concussion in an athlete’s career, his odds of believing football-related dementia was likely increased by 24% (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07-1.45). Acute and chronic football-related risk perceptions, as well as non–football-related health-risk perceptions, were positively associated with athletes’ belief that football-related dementia was likely. Higher cognitive reflection test scores, a measure of ability to switch to slow, deliberative thinking, was positively associated with odds of believing football-related dementia was likely (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.12-2.21).Conclusion:Some athletes view football as generally riskier, while others view football as generally lessri sky. These risk postures are informed by athletes’ concussion history, primary playing position, and ability to switch from fast, reactive thinking to slow, deliberative thinking. Ensuring that athletes are appropriately informed of the risks of participation is an ethical obligation of universities; sports medicine clinicians are appropriate facilitators of conversations about athletes’ health risks.

The psychological effects of event cancellation in Olympic-level swimmers: preliminary findings and mental health screening recommendations.

Mental health screening of elite athletes is not routinely practiced following the cancellation of an athletic event. Though sporting event cancellation has negative career and training impacts on elite athletes, little is known about its psychological impact. To determine the extent to which sporting event cancellation might warrant psychological screening practices in elite athletics, this study evaluated elite-level swimmers' response to the cancellation of the 2020 Olympic Games through psychological assessment and qualitative interviewing. A cross-sectional study design was implemented. Online psychological assessment included self-report scales to measure anxiety, burnout, psychological strain, and optimism/pessimism. Follow-up semistructured telehealth interviews were conducted to assess appraisals of and coping responses to the cancellation. Of the 14 participants assessed for mental health symptoms, 12 were available for interview procedures. Results (mean±SD) indicated "very high" psychological strain (22.71±4.83) and "mild" anxiety (6.29±4.87). All swimmers exhibited levels of psychological strain that warranted clinical evaluation per established cut-off scores. Thematic content analysis of interviews generated four themes: precancellation evaluations, primary appraisals, coping responses, and coping outcomes. Most swimmers exhibited maladaptive coping (75%); however, adaptative coping was as prevalent (92%), particularly through use of support networks. Most swimmers achieved positive coping outcomes (75%) and maintained strong 2021 Olympic-qualifying confidence (93%). In contrast, swimmers with poor coping outcomes (25%) employed more frequent maladaptive coping strategies and exhibited higher psychological distress. Findings urge sports medicine clinicians to implement psychological screening protocols in elite athletes following the cancellation of a major sporting event to attend to symptoms of psychological distress and to direct appropriate psychological intervention.

Musculoskeletal Corticosteroid Injection during COVID-19 Pandemic in Sabah: Is It Safe?

Musculoskeletal corticosteroid injection is commonly used as an adjunct to help patients in pain management. In this current COVID-19 pandemic, many clinicians would differ from this treatment as steroid is considered an immunosuppressive drug and could risk the patient of developing severe adverse effects if contracting COVID-19. This is a retrospective study based in Sabah, Malaysia, examining the prevalence of COVID-19 infection following musculoskeletal corticosteroid injection from 1 December 2019 until 30 June 2020 in the sports medicine clinic and the orthopedic clinic. Patients who received musculoskeletal corticosteroid injection were called by telephone and asked about visits to the emergency department or government health clinic for influenza-like illness symptoms or severe acute respiratory infection that would require screening of COVID-19. Thirty-five patients who responded to the call were included, with mean ages of 47.9 years ± 15.1. 52% were male respondents, while 48% were female. 25% of them were diabetics, and 2.9% of them had a history of lymphoproliferative disorders. The mean pain score before injection was 6.74 ± 1.03 and after injection pain was 2.27 ± 1.63. In this study, there were 11.4% (n = 4) with minor complications of steroid injection, that is, skin discoloration. Nonetheless, there were no severe complications due to corticosteroids reported. There were no reported cases of COVID-19 among the respondents following corticosteroid injection. Musculoskeletal pain would affect a person's well-being and activities; thus, its management requires that careful consideration with risk-benefit analysis be made before administering musculoskeletal corticosteroid injection during COVID-19 pandemic.

In Nonsurgically Managed Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture, Platelet-Rich Plasma Did Not Improve Healing or Function at 12 Months Compared with Placebo

1Fowler Kennedy Sports Medicine Clinic, Western University, London, Ontario Canada Disclosure: The author indicated that no external funding was received for any aspect of this work. The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest form is provided with the online version of the article (https://links.lww.com/JBJS/G406).

Preliminary Safety and Efficacy of Head and Neck Cooling Therapy After Concussion in Adolescent Athletes: A Randomized Pilot Trial.

Objective:To determine the safety and efficacy of head and neck cooling when applied up to 8 days after concussion among adolescent athletes.Design:A randomized nonblinded pilot trial.Setting:Sports Medicine Clinic in a tertiary hospital.Patients:Adolescent athletes aged 12 to 17 years diagnosed with a concussion within 1 week of injury.Interventions and Main Outcome Measures:The control group (n = 27) received standard treatment (short term brain rest), whereas the treatment group (n = 28) received standard treatment and head and neck cooling. Head and neck cooling treatment was applied to patients at the postinjury assessment visit and at 72 hours post-injury. The SCAT5 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool) total symptom severity score was collected at postinjury assessment visit, pre- and post-treatment at 72 hours, and at 10 days, and 4 weeks post-treatment.Results:Athletes who received head and neck cooling had a faster symptom recovery (P = 0.003) and experienced significant reduction in symptom severity scores after treatment (P < 0.001). Sport type and gender did not influence the treatment outcome (P = 0.447 and 0.940, respectively).Conclusions:This pilot study demonstrates feasibility of head and neck cooling for the management of acute concussion in adolescent athletes.

Hallux Sesamoid Injury Characteristics in Young Athletes Presented to the Sports Medicine Clinic.

To investigate clinical diagnoses, sports participation, and return to sport timeline associated with hallux sesamoid injuries with sex comparisons. Descriptive epidemiology study. Sports medicine clinics at a tertiary-level pediatric medical center. Six hundred eighty-three young athletes (546 women and 137 men). Sex (women vs men). Clinical diagnoses, participating sports, and injury timeline. The most common diagnosis was sesamoiditis (62.6%). The top 3 primary sports were dance (34.6%), running (13.7%), and soccer (11.7%). When stratified by sex, dance (40.1%), running (13.6%), and soccer (10.7%) were the top primary sports for women while running (19.4%), soccer (18.5%), and basketball (11.3%) were the leading diagnoses for male athletes. The mean time between injury occurrence and first clinic visit was 135.5 ± 229.3 days. The mean time between the first clinic visit and return to sport was 104.3 ± 128.2 days. Comparison by sex showed that women had a longer mean time than men (women: 111.5 ± 132.5 days, men: 67.2 ± 96.3 days, P = 0.001). The mean time from injury occurrence to return to sport was 235.2 ± 281.0 days. Women showed a longer mean timeline for return to sport compared with men (women: 245.2 ± 288.2 days, men: 179.3 ± 231.9 days, P = 0.014). Sesamoiditis was the most common diagnosis, and dance, running, and soccer were top 3 sports. The most salient finding was that women taking almost twice as long to return the sport or activity compared with men, which likely stems from delay of reporting symptom onset to clinics.

Effect of Collaborative Care on Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms in Adolescents

Despite the high level of impairment for adolescents with persistent postconcussive symptoms, few studies have tested whether such problems can be remediated. To examine whether collaborative care treatment is associated with improvements in postconcussive, quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms over 1 year, compared with usual care. The Collaborative Care Model for Treatment of Persistent Symptoms After Concussion Among Youth II Trial was a randomized clinical trial conducted from March 2017 to May 2020 with follow-up assessments at 3, 6, and 12 months. Participants were recruited from pediatric primary care, sports medicine, neurology, and rehabilitation clinics in western Washington. Adolescents aged 11 to 18 years with a diagnosed sports-related or recreational-related concussion within the past 9 months and with at least 3 symptoms persisting at least 1 month after injury were eligible. Data analysis was performed from June to September 2020. The collaborative care intervention included cognitive behavioral therapy and care management, delivered mostly through telehealth, throughout the 6-month treatment period, with enhanced medication consultation when warranted. The comparator group was usual care provided in specialty clinics. Primary outcomes were adolescents' reports of postconcussive, quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Secondary outcomes were parent-reported symptoms. Of the 390 eligible adolescents, 201 (51.5%) agreed to participate, and 200 were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 14.7 [1.7] years; 124 girls [62.0%]), with 96% to 98% 3- to 12-month retention. Ninety-nine participants were randomized to usual care, and 101 were randomized to collaborative care. Adolescents who received collaborative care reported significant improvements in Health Behavior Inventory scores compared with usual care at 3 months (3.4 point decrease; 95% CI, -6.6 to -0.1 point decrease) and 12 months (4.1 point decrease; 95% CI, -7.7 to -0.4 point decrease). In addition, youth-reported Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scores at 12 months improved by a mean of 4.7 points (95% CI, 0.05 to 9.3 points) in the intervention group compared with the control group. No differences emerged by group over time for adolescent depressive or anxiety symptoms or for parent-reported outcomes. Although both groups improved over time, youth receiving the collaborative care intervention had fewer symptoms and better quality of life over 1 year. Intervention delivery through telehealth broadens the reach of this treatment. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03034720.

Contributions of PCSS, CISS, and VOMS for Identifying Vestibular/Ocular Motor Deficits in Pediatric Concussions

Vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction can occur in pediatric concussions, which can impair reading, learning, and participation in athletics. This study evaluated 3 clinical tools for identifying postconcussion vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction: (1) Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), (2) Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS), and (3) Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS). Evaluating vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction with multiple clinical tools will capture more symptomatic patients than any 1 tool alone. Cross-sectional data from a prospective cohort study. Level 4. Patients were between 8 and 17 years old and seen in a tertiary care pediatric sports medicine clinic between August 2014 and February 2018. Data were collected from initial visit and included VOMS, PCSS, and CISS. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, and logistic regressions were used to describe relationships between clinical tools. Of the 156 patients (55.1% female; 14.35 ± 2.26 years old) included, this study identified 129 (82.7%) with vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction. Of these 129, 65 (50.4%) reported "visual problems" on PCSS, 93 (72.1%) had abnormal CISS, and 99 (76.7%) had abnormal VOMS. Together, VOMS and CISS identified 64 (49.6%) patients without reported "visual problems" on PCSS. Higher total PCSS scores predicted abnormal CISS (odds ratio [OR], = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.17) and abnormal VOMS (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06). "Visual problems" on PCSS did not predict abnormal CISS or VOMS. Vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction were identified in nearly 83% of study subjects when PCSS, CISS, and VOMS are used together. These results suggest adding CISS and VOMS to the clinical evaluation of concussions can help clinicians identify post-concussion vestibular/ocular motor dysfunction.

Three Sessions of Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Gives No Additional Benefit Over "Minimal-Dose" Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Patients With Chronic Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

To investigate the outcomes following 3 weekly sessions of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT) in patients with chronic greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) presenting to an NHS Sports Medicine Clinic in the United Kingdom. Double-blinded randomized controlled trial. A single NHS Sports Medicine Clinic, in the United Kingdom. One hundred twenty patients in an NHS Sports Medicine clinic presenting with symptoms of GTPS who had failed to improve with a minimum of 3 months of rehabilitation were enrolled in the study and randomized equally to the intervention and treatment groups. Mean age was 60.6 ± 11.5 years; 82% were female, and the mean duration of symptoms was 45.4 ± 33.4 months (range, 6 months to 30 years). Participants were randomized to receive either 3 sessions of ESWT at either the "recommended"/"maximally comfortably tolerated" dose or at "minimal dose." All patients received a structured home exercise program involving flexibility, strength, and balance exercises. Follow-up was at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Outcome measures included local hip pain, validated hip PROMs (Oxford hip score, non-arthritic hip score, Victorian Institute of Sport assessment questionnaire), and wider measures of function including sleep (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) and mood (hospital anxiety and depression scale). Results were available for 98% of patients at the 6-month period. There were statistically significant within-group improvements in pain, local function, and sleep seen in both groups. However, fewer benefits were seen in other outcome measures, including activity or mood. There were no time × group interaction effects seen between the groups at any time point, indicating that in the 3 sessions, the "recommended-dose" rESWT had no measurable benefit compared with "minimal dose" rESWT in this group of patients with GTPS. The underlying reason remains unclear; it may be that rESWT is ineffective in the treatment of patients with chronic GTPS, that "minimal dose" rESWT is sufficient for a therapeutic effect, or that a greater number of treatment sessions are required for maximal benefit. These issues need to be considered in further research.

Infographic. COVID-19 RT-PCR testing for elite athletes

This infographic outlines evidence-based recommendations on COVID-19 reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) testing in elite sport settings, aiming to protect personal and population health, and acknowledging resources and expertise that are...

RETRACTED: Embedded system and smart embedded wearable devices promote youth sports health

Semiconductor technology from the wearable device, equipped with physiology, and its clinical and translation tools convergence of the predicted health analysis to advanced sports. Detection and physical performance, physiological condition, biochemical composition, and subsequent application of indicators associated with mental alertness players, reduce the risk of injury, improve performance, protocol and treatment around the athletes enabling the development of the plan has been shown doctors and training team . Our commercially available equipment, in order to provide an understanding of sports medicine wearable sensor, will include those that have been described in the scientific literature. The main purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the application of wearable technology to evaluate the biomechanical and physiological parameters of athletes. The second purpose of this article, the usefulness of this technology is, in a way that could help you stream player throughout the various sports fields, academic research groups, sports medicine clinic, sports teams between the performance program of joint research It is to identify opportunities. Companion, discussed the wearable of use for monitoring the intelligence of the biochemical profile and players.

Infographic. When is abnormal normal? Reframing MRI abnormalities as a normal part of ageing

Sports and exercise medicine clinicians often refer for diagnostic imaging to help direct clinical management. The use of musculoskeletal MRI has risen rapidly in recent decades, yet the clinical benefit...

RETRACTED: Athlete muscle measurement and exercise data monitoring based on embedded system and wearable devices

Wearable devices are considered to evaluate the performance of athletes during sports activities. Preliminary steps include recording motion variables at a sufficiently high sample rate throughout the test series. Load tracking sports science has become a very popular topic for athletes who are trained and competitive. Experiential research and process-based research have produced a rapid increase in the use of the dental approach by scientists and trainers to monitor the training load routinely and to capture the best way of capturing and interpreting data. This field has developed at such a rapid pace. In recent years, it has led to the development of new and novel model businesses that accurately place loads inside and outside to protect athletes and help them measure—protection from injury and poor health. Using Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to guide training and monitor athlete muscle measurement's well-being to detect any improvement in measures against poor team related to poor physical health effects all options and mechanisms required are proposed in the system analysis. Tracking application can be wearable technology that calculates the biomechanical and physiological parameters of athletes. Scored the second goal, that collaborative research opportunities between academic groups, sports medicine clinics, and sports team performance programs could help stream players across different sports fields use this technology. A supplementary biochemical profile and the use of wearable devices to track an athlete's mental intelligence were discussed. Key Indicator Value Not Available Using one wireless network connection can send other electronic devices at transmission speeds for reduction. Some experimental data have been reported on this method.