Sports Injury Prevention Program Research Articles

Effectiveness of exercise-based sports injury prevention programmes in reducing injury rates in adolescents and their implementation in the community: a mixed-methods systematic review

ObjectiveDespite evidence supporting the efficacy of sport injury prevention programmes (SIPPs) in adolescents, implementation of SIPPs in community settings is low. This review aims to synthesise and integrate evidence on...

Injury prevention for women and girls playing Australian Football: programme cocreation, dissemination and early adopter coach feedback

BackgroundAdherence to injury prevention programmes may improve with greater end-user involvement and application of implementation frameworks during development. We describe the cocreation, initial dissemination and feedback from programme early adopters...

Cross-Sectional Study to Explore the Prevalence of Shoulder Impingement and Its Association with Training Volume Among Cricketers in Sport Academies of Faisalabad

Purpose: Cricketers are vulnerable to high-risk injuries. Throwing and striking are the two activities that put the most strain and effort at the shoulder joint and leads to shoulder impingement and other problems. To explore the prevalence of shoulder impingement and its association with training volume among cricketers in sport academies of Faisalabad.
 Methodology: It was cross-sectional study. Study was conducted from November 2018 to January 2019. Sample size of the study was 116. Convenient sampling technique was used to enrolled participants in study. Inclusion criteria of the study were the cricket players of age between 13 to 22 years, practice regularly in sport academies of Faisalabad. Players of Faisalabad cricket academies including, Saeed Ajmal International Cricket Academy, Eden cricket & Fitness center, Combined cricket club, National Cricket Club, Lyallpur Gymkhana cricket club and Prince Gymkhana Cricket Club, Faisalabad were interviewed and evaluated for the presence of shoulder impingement. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Data was presented in forms of tables and graphs.
 Findings: Out of 116 cricket players, 28.44% were spinners, 41.37% were fast bowlers and 30.17% were batsmen. Shoulder impingement was found to be present in 49(42%) of the cricketers in sport academies of Faisalabad. Chi- square test showed a statistically significant association between shoulder impingement and training volume (p<0.05).
 Recommendations: Shoulder impingement had a prevalence of 42% in cricketers of Faisalabad. A statistically significant association was found between shoulder impingement and training volume among cricketers of sport academies in Faisalabad. This study was informed by the BiomechanicalTheory, emphasizing the importance of considering mechanical stressors on the shoulder region in cricketers. To reduce the occurrence of shoulder pain among cricket players, practitioners should emphasize proper biomechanical techniques in training programs, with a focus on shoulder joint stability and injury prevention strategies. Policymakers should advocate for sports injury prevention programs that incorporate fundamental biomechanical concepts into training curricula, ensuring cricket players' long-term shoulder health and ensuring the sport's long-term viability.

The FIFA 11+ injury prevention program reduces the incidence of hamstring injury among soccer players: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Hamstring injury are among the most common non-contact injuries in sports. In soccer, which is the most popular sport worldwide, hamstring injuries represent between 15 and 50 % of all muscle injuries. Sports injury prevention programs have been showing promising results in reducing the risk of hamstring injury. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of the FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program on reducing the incidence hamstring injury among soccer players. Methods: This systematic review with meta-analysis was based upon the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A systematic search for relevant studies published from 1985-2022 using the following databases: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, AMED, PubMed, Web of Science, and PEDro was conducted. The keywords used in the search strategy were ‘neuromuscular training’, ‘injury prevention programs’, ‘FIFA 11+’, ‘hamstring injury’, ‘soccer, and variations of these search terms. Included studies had to be randomized controlled trials using FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program for soccer players with the primary outcome being hamstring injury rate. There were no restrictions of age or playing level. The random-effects model was used in analysing the extracted data by the RevMan Meta-Analysis software version 5. Results: The pooled results of 2949 players and 274032 exposure hours showed 66% hamstring injury reduction per 1000 hours of exposure in the intervention group compared to control group with an injury risk ratio [IRR] of 0.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21–0.55, P < 0.0001). Discussion/Conclusion: This is the first meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program in reducing the incidence of hamstring injury among soccer players. This meta-analysis demonstrates that the FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program reduces the incidence of hamstring injury by 66% among soccer players. Impact/Application to the field: The results showed a 66 % hamstring injury reduction. Therefore, it's recommended that soccer players and coaches implement the FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program in their current practice. Conflict of interest statement: No conflict of interest of relevance to the submission of this abstract.

The FIFA 11+ injury prevention program reduces the incidence of groin injury among soccer players: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Introduction: Groin injuries are among the three most common and time-consuming injuries in soccer, accounting for 2-19% of all injuries, with an incidence of 0.1-2.1 injuries per 1000 hours of play. Sports injury prevention programs have been showing promising results in reducing the risk of groin injury. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of the FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program on reducing the incidence of groin injury among soccer players.

The FIFA 11+ injury prevention program reduces the incidence of knee injury among soccer players: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Introduction: Knee injuries are among the most common injuries seen in soccer, represent between 10- 50 % of all soccer injuries. Sports injury prevention programs have been showing promising results in reducing the risk of knee injury. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of the FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program on reducing the incidence of knee injury among soccer players.

Risk of surgery and epidemiological profile of athletes presenting to a single sports injury clinic in Hong Kong

Background Although participation in sports and exercise is promoted widely due to its health benefits, sports-related injuries can also be a detriment to an individual's health and a burden for the healthcare system. Herein, the aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive review on the epidemiological profile and the risk for surgery of athletes presented to a sports injuries clinic in Hong Kong. Methods A total of 566 patients attending the sports injuries clinic at a local hospital between October 2017 and September 2018 were reviewed. Only 271 patients sustaining injuries from sports activities were included. These patients attended a survey-based data collection session, which recorded their demographic, injury site, events leading to injury, exercise details (type, level-of-play, frequency, experience), and functional score according to the injury site. Results The highest proportion of injuries was observed in amateur athletes (45.4%) than in recreational (28.8%) and professional (25.8%). Those patients aged between 18–29 years old (50.2%) had the most injuries. Both soccer (25.1%) and basketball (25.1%) were the two most common sports to incurred injuries. Whereas, the lower extremities being the most common injured sites. Based on our logistic model, athletes with less experience were more prone to required surgeries with injuries in the lower extremities. Conclusion Preventive measures should be targeted at less experience athletes, focusing on strengthening the knee region, to reduce sports-related injuries and surgeries. Importantly, this study demonstrates the need to further identify factors to develop effective sports injury prevention programmes for tailoring athletes at different levels-of-play.

Sports injury prevention programmes from the sports physical therapist's perspective: An international expert Delphi approach

ObjectiveTo provide consensus on how to plan, organize and implement exercise-based injury prevention program (IPP) in sports. DesignDelphi. SettingLimeSurvey platform. ParticipantsExperienced sports physical therapists from the International Federation of Sports Physical Therapy member countries. Main outcome measuresFactors related to sports IPP planning, organization and implementation. ResultsWe included 305 participants from 32 countries. IPP planning should be based on an athlete's injury history, on pre-season screening results, and on injury rates (respectively, 98%, 92%, 89% agreement). In total 97% participants agreed that IPP organization should depend on the athlete's age, 93% on the competition level, and 93% on the availability of low-cost materials. It was agreed that IPP should mainly be implemented in warm-up sessions delivered by the head or strength/conditioning coach, with physical training sessions and individual physical therapy sessions (respectively, 94%, 92%, 90% agreement). ConclusionStrong consensus was reached on (1) IPP based on the athlete's injury history, pre-season screening and evidence-based sports-specific injury rates; (2) IPP organization based on the athlete's age, competition level, and the availability of low-cost materials and (3) IPP implementation focussing on warm-up sessions implemented by the strength/conditioning coach, and/or individual prevention sessions by the physical therapist.

Awareness and Use of Current Sports Injury Prevention Programs among Physiotherapists Worldwide

Purpose. Physiotherapists are trained to prevent, assess, and rehabilitate all kinds of injuries including sports injury. The goal of the physical therapist should be making sure that the athlete is in optimal shape to perform, with a minimal risk for developing an injury. This study aims to assess the physiotherapists’ awareness, implementation, and views of sports injury prevention programs (IPPs) from an international perspective.&#x0D; Materials and methods. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and distributed to physiotherapists worldwide through World Physiotherapy member organizations. The study targeted physiotherapists at an international level. The study included 484 participants, of whom 44.4% were male and 55.6% were female physiotherapists.&#x0D; Results. A total of 287 (59.3%) of the participants were aware of the current sports IPPs, 177 (36.6%) were implementing sports IPPs in their current practice. Participants who implemented the sports IPPs reported a positive opinion about the program efficacy, with a score of 7.3 ± 2.11 out of 10. &#x0D; Conclusions. Globally, physiotherapists have average awareness and low implementation levels of IPPs. Physiotherapists showed a positive score regarding the effectiveness of IPPS, especially the KIPP and the iSPRINT.

A Comprehensive Summary of Systematic Reviews on Sports Injury Prevention Strategies.

Background:A large volume of systematic reviews and meta-analyses has been published on the effectiveness of sports injury prevention programs.Purpose:To provide a qualitative summary of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that have examined the effectiveness of sports injury prevention programs on reducing musculoskeletal injuries.Study Design:Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses that evaluated the effectiveness of sports injury prevention programs. We excluded published abstracts, narrative reviews, articles not published in English, commentaries, studies that described sports injury prevention strategies but did not assess their effectiveness, studies that did not assess musculoskeletal injuries, and studies that did not assess sports-related injuries. The most relevant results were extracted and summarized. Levels of evidence were determined per the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, and methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews, revised version).Results:A total of 507 articles were retrieved, and 129 were included. Articles pertaining to all injuries were divided into 9 topics: sports and exercise in general (n = 20), soccer (n = 13), ice hockey (n = 1), dance (n = 1), volleyball (n = 1), basketball (n = 1), tackle collision sports (n = 1), climbing (n = 1), and youth athletes (n = 4). Articles on injuries by anatomic site were divided into 11 topics: general knee (n = 8), anterior cruciate ligament (n = 34), ankle (n = 14), hamstring (n = 11), lower extremity (n = 10), foot (n = 6), groin (n = 2), shoulder (n = 1), wrist (n = 2), and elbow (n = 1). Of the 129 studies, 45.7% were ranked as evidence level 1, and 55.0% were evidence level 2. Based on the AMSTAR-2, 58.9% of the reviews reported a priori review methods, 96.1% performed a comprehensive literature search, 47.3% thoroughly described excluded articles, 79.1% assessed risk of bias for individual studies, 48.8% reported a valid method for statistical combination of data (ie, meta-analysis), 45.0% examined the effect of risk of bias on pooled study results, and 19.4% examined the risk for publication bias.Conclusion:This comprehensive review provides sports medicine providers with a single source of the most up-to-date publications in the literature on sports injury prevention.

Implementation of an Injury Prevention Program in NCAA Division I Athletics Reduces Injury-Related Health Care Costs.

Background:The estimated cost per year of injuries in collegiate athletics has been reported to be billions of dollars in the United States. Injury prevention programs are often assessed only by their ability to reduce injuries, and there is little evidence of any potential reduction in associated health care costs.Purpose:To investigate changes in injury-related health care costs at a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I university after the implementation of an injury prevention program.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Included were 12 sports teams that used the injury prevention program (user group) and 16 teams that did not implement the program (nonuser group). The injury surveillance and prevention system (Sparta Science) utilized a commercially available force-plate system to assess kinematic variables, flag high-risk athletes, and guide individual conditioning programs. Data were obtained from 3 academic years before (2012-2014) and 2 academic years after (2015-2016) implementation of the Sparta Science system. The number of injuries and associated health care costs (surgery, clinic visits, imaging, and physical therapy) were compared between users and nonusers.Results:Total average annual injuries did not change significantly between users and nonusers after implementation of the program; however, users demonstrated a 23% reduction in clinic visits as compared with a 14% increase for nonusers (P = .049). Users demonstrated a 13% reduction in associated health care encounters, compared with a 13% increase for nonusers (P = .032). Overall health care costs changed significantly for both groups, with an observed 19% decrease ($2,456,154 to $1,978,799) for users and an 8% increase ($1,177,542 to $1,270,846) for nonusers (P < .01 for both). Costs related to associated health care encounters also decreased by 20% for users as compared with a 39% increase for nonusers (P = .027).Conclusion:This study demonstrated the ability to significantly reduce injury-related health care costs in NCAA Division I athletes via a comprehensive injury surveillance and prevention program utilizing force-plate technology. Given the substantial and appropriate focus on value of care delivery across the US health care system, we recommend the continued study of sports injury surveillance and prevention programs for reducing injury-related health care costs.

Prevalence of hamstring muscle injuries and associated factors among soccer players the case of Southern Ethiopia

Determining the hamstring injury and associated factors among soccer players will assist the Youth sports injury prevention and rehabilitation programs and concerned stakeholders to plan good sports injury prevention intervention. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of hamstring muscle injuries and associated factors among soccer players in selected three zones of southern Ethiopia. The study design was a cross-sectional study design conducted at soccer clubs at Gammo Goffa, Halaba and Wolayta Zones, from March 11/2019 to May 12/2019 G.C. Simple random sampling technique was applied to select 226 Participants.To Collect relevant data both close and open-ended questions were used and Anthropometry measurement was measured by using standardized techniques and also Inspection and palpation of posterior thigh plus PSLRT was done. Data were entered using the computer program, epi-data version 4.4.3.1 exported into SPSSversion 21 software for analysis. A descriptive summary was used to present the study results. All variables in bivariable logistic regression with p&lt; 0.25 were fitted into multivariable logistic regression. In multivariable logistic regression with backward LR elimination P-value (&lt; 0.05) was used to decide whether the observeddifference is statically significant or not. Out of 226, 88.5% were males and 11.5% were females, the overall magnitude of hamstring strain injury was 17.3% with 95% CI. The number of all other body injuries sustained [AOR=14.4, 95% CI (4.55, 45.67))] and Previous History of posterior thigh pain, [AOR=4.58, 95% CI(1.87, 11.25)] were identified as significant associated factors with HSI in soccer players. One-sixth of the payers sustained HSI and a player who has a previous Hx of posterior thigh pain had 4.58 times risk of developing HSI than a player with no previous Hx of posterior thigh pain this will remind the soccer clubs coaches andmedical team to evaluate and standardize their rehabilitation protocols for decision making on the length of days for rehabilitation.

EFECTO DE EJERCICIOS FIFA 11+ SOBRE EL BALANCE POSTURAL ESTÁTICO EN FUTBOLISTAS

Se determinó el efecto de los ejercicios FIFA 11+ sobre el balance postural estático en futbolistas juveniles. Se incluyeron 20 futbolistas juveniles que fueron evaluados usando el test de Romberg con ojos abiertos y cerrados sobre una plataforma de fuerza. Los jugadores fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo control (n=10), quienes continuaron sus sesiones de práctica de fútbol y un grupo intervención (n=10), quienes continuaron sus sesiones de practica de fútbol y a quienes se les realizaron los ejercicios FIFA11+, supervisado, durante de 22 sesiones. En los resultados del estudio no se encontraron cambios estadísticamente significativos en el Centro de Presión Plantar (COP), el p-valor promedio obtenido en dos ejes fue de 0,7869 (p&lt;0.05), evidenciado a partir de las pruebas estadísticas Mann-Withney, Wilcoxon y Kolmogorov Smirnov. La aplicación del programa de prevención de lesiones deportivas 11+ en 22 sesiones no desarrolla mejoras importantes en el balance postural estático.

Fitness- and Health-related Effects of a Sports Injury Prevention Program in Competitive Alpine Skiers

Fitness- and Health-related Effects of a Sports Injury Prevention Program in Competitive Alpine Skiers

A Sports Injury Prevention Program to Reduce Subsequent Injuries After Concussion

A Sports Injury Prevention Program to Reduce Subsequent Injuries After Concussion

The Efficiency of Short Track-related Sports Injury Prevention Program on Non-contact Injury Incidence for Elite Short Track Speed Skaters

The Efficiency of Short Track-related Sports Injury Prevention Program on Non-contact Injury Incidence for Elite Short Track Speed Skaters

Video Analysis of Reported Concussion Events in the National Football League During the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 Seasons

Background: Concussions in American football remain a high priority of sports injury prevention programs. Detailed video review provides important information on causation, the outcomes of rule changes, and guidance on future injury prevention strategies. Purpose: Documentation of concussions sustained in National Football League games played during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 seasons, including consideration of video views unavailable to the public. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: All reported concussions were reviewed with all available video footage. Standardized terminology and associated definitions were developed to describe and categorize the details of each concussion. Results: Cornerbacks sustained the most concussions, followed by wide receivers, then linebackers and offensive linemen. Half (50%) of concussions occurred during a passing play, 28% during a rushing play, and 21% on a punt or kickoff. Tackling was found to be the most common activity of concussed players, with the side of the helmet the most common helmet impact location. The distribution of helmet impact source—the object that contacted the concussed player’s helmet—differed from studies of earlier seasons, with a higher proportion of helmet-to-body impacts (particularly shoulder) and helmet-to-ground impacts and with a lower proportion of helmet-to-helmet impacts. Helmet-to-ground concussive impacts were notable for the high prevalence of impacts to the back of the helmet and their frequency during passing plays. Conclusion: Concussion causation scenarios in the National Football League have changed over time. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study suggest the need for expanded evaluation of concussion countermeasures beyond solely helmet-to-helmet test systems, including consideration of impacts with the ground and with the body of the opposing player. It also suggests the possibility of position-specific countermeasures as part of an ongoing effort to improve safety.

Controlled ecological evaluation of an implemented exercise-training programme to prevent lower limb injuries in sport: population-level trends in hospital-treated injuries

ObjectiveExercise-training programmes have reduced lower limb injuries in trials, but their population-level effectiveness has not been reported in implementation trials. This study aimed to demonstrate that routinely collected hospital data...

Bridging the gap between content and context: establishing expert consensus on the content of an exercise training program to prevent lower-limb injuries.

To achieve expert consensus on the content of an exercise training program (known as FootyFirst) to prevent lower-limb injuries. Three-round online Delphi consultation process. Community Australian Football (AF). Members of the Australian Football Leagues' Medical Officers (n = 94), physiotherapists (n = 50), and Sports Science (n = 19) Associations were invited to participate through e-mail. Five people with more general expertise in sports-related lower-limb injury prevention were also invited to participate. The primary outcome measure was the level of agreement on the appropriateness of the proposed exercises and progressions for inclusion in FootyFirst. Consensus was reached when ≥75% of experts who responded to each item agreed and strongly agreed, or disagreed and strongly disagreed, that an exercise or its progressions were appropriate to include in FootyFirst. Fifty-five experts participated in at least 1 Delphi round. In round 1, consensus was achieved that the proposed warm-up (run through and dynamic stretches) and the exercises and progressions for hamstring strength and for balance, landing, and changing direction were appropriate to include in FootyFirst. There was also consensus in round 1 that progressions for hip/core strength should be included in FootyFirst. Consensus was reached in round 2 that the revised groin strength and hip strength exercises should be included in FootyFirst. Consensus was reached for the progression of the groin strength exercises in round 3. The formal consensus development process has resulted in an evidence-informed, researcher-developed, exercise-based sports injury prevention program that is expert endorsed and specific to the context of AF. Lower-limb injuries are common in running, kicking, and contact sports like AF. These injuries are often costly to treat, and many have high rates of recurrence, making them challenging to treat clinically. Reducing these injuries is a high priority for players, teams, and medical staff. Exercise programs provide a method for primary prevention of lower-limb injuries, but they have to be evidence based, have currency with sports practitioners/clinicians, and utility for the context in which they are to be used. However, the comprehensive methods and clinical engagement processes used to develop injury prevention exercise programs have not previously been described in detail. This study describes the results of engaging clinicians and sport scientists in the development of a lower-limb sports injury prevention program for community AF, enabling the development of a program that is both evidence informed and considerate of expert clinical opinion.

The impact of the FIFA 11+ training program on injury prevention in football players: a systematic review.

The FIFA 11+ is a simple, and easy to implement, sports injury prevention program comprising a warm up of 10 conditioning exercises. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of the FIFA 11+ on injury incidence, compliance and cost effectiveness when implemented among football players. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched using the search terms “FIFA 11+”, “football”, “soccer”, “injury prevention”, and “The 11”. The titles and abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers and the data were filtered by one reviewer using a standardized extraction form and thereafter checked by another one. The risk of bias and the methodological quality of the studies were evaluated through the PEDro score and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). A total of 911 studies were identified, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria of the review. The FIFA 11+ has demonstrated how a simple exercise program completed as part of warm-up can decrease the incidence of injuries in amateur football players. In general, considerable reductions in the number of injured players, ranging between 30% and 70%, have been observed among the teams that implemented the FIFA 11+. In addition, players with high compliance to the FIFA 11+ program had an estimated risk reduction of all injuries by 35% and show significant improvements in components of neuromuscular and motor performance when participating in structured warm-up sessions at least 1.5 times/week. Most studies had high methodological quality and a low risk of bias. Given the large number of people who play football at amateur level and the detrimental impact of sports injuries on a personal and societal level, the FIFA 11+ can be considered as a fundamental tool to minimize the risks of participation in a sport with substantial health benefits.