Sports Initiation Research Articles

The transition process towards the yellow ball in tennis teaching

More than 10 years have gone by since Play and Stay campaign was launched, and even today, there is a lack of scientific studies focusing their strategies on the transition process between the stages that make up Tennis 10s. So, on the basis of interviews with expert coordinators, who are responsible for sport initiation programmes in Brazilian clubs, this study tries to describe the strategies used for the transition between the “green ball” and the “yellow ball”.

The influence of sports practice and its prediction indicators on the performance of aerobic, motor, attention, cognitive flexibility and processing speed

Introduction: Sports initiation is usually started during childhood and adolescence, and the beneficial effects of this practice for physical and motor capacities are already known. Recent research has shown the potential of sports to stimulate and modify cognitive development.
 Objective: To verify the relationship of sports practice during childhood on cardiorespiratory, motor, attention, cognitive flexibility and cognitive processing speed.
 Methods: 130 students aged 7 to 10 years participated in the study, of which 68 were athletes and 62 non-athletes, divided into sports group and control group. The researchers carried out three visits for the application of the research instruments, which were carried out in a randomized manner within the school premises, divided into three blocks: 1) attention test for cancellation and test of tracks A and B (applied collectively); 2) jumping tests; 3) anamnesis, body composition and the Körperkoordination für Kinder (KTK) test.
 Results: Children practicing sports obtained lower values ??in the weight (28 ± 10.08 kg vs 33.9 ± 15.3 kg), waist circumference (57.8 ± 7.7 cm vs 61.7 ± 9.6 cm) and circumference of the hip (69.1 ± 9.5 cm vs 72.8 ± 10.5 cm). In addition, we observed higher values ??in single-hops scores (96.9 ± 17.3 vs 85.6 ± 14.3) and lateral jumps scores (99.1 ± 18.8 vs 91.2 ± 18.0) compared to children who do not play sports. (p < 0.05). The high performance in single-heel jumps, side jumps, motor quotient, B-trails and B-A trails presented as predictors of sports practice (CI > 0.50).
 Conclusion: The results indicated a positive relationship between children practicing sports in childhood and interesting benefits in the ability of cognitive flexibility, without expressing differences in motor coordination compared to non-practicing children.

Experiences Influencing Walking Football Initiation in 55- to 75-Year-Old Adults: A Qualitative Study.

Adults aged 55 and older are least likely to play sport. Despite research suggesting this population experiences physical and psychological benefits when doing so, limited research focuses on older adult sport initiation, especially in "adapted sports" such as walking football. The aim of this study was to explore initiation experiences of walking football players between 55 and 75 years old. Semistructured interviews took place with 17 older adults playing walking football for 6 months minimum (Mage = 64). Inductive analysis revealed six higher order themes representing preinitiation influences. Eight further higher order themes were found, relating to positive and negative experiences during initiation. Fundamental influences preinitiation included previous sporting experiences and values and perceptions. Emergent positive experiences during initiation included mental development and social connections. Findings highlight important individual and social influences when initiating walking football, which should be considered when encouraging 55- to 75-year-old adults to play adapted sport. Policy and practice recommendations are discussed.

Does adolescents like modern sports experiences? A trivial question for a major public health stake

Abstract Background Improving adolescents’ levels of sport and physical activity ‘PA’ is an official public health issue. However, national and European studies showed decline in overall levels of PA of European adolescents. In France, a school-based study showed a decrease in sport participation among adolescents of Marseille and area. Despite of this decline, we do not know whether they have a positive appreciation of modern sports experiences promoted in clubs. In this study, we aimed to measure French adolescents’ athletes retrospective reports of pleasure in these experiences. Methods A previous data collection among a representative sample of adolescents’ students was used (n = 1132). Adolescents were separated into 4 subgroups based on sex (Boys/Girls) and socioeconomic status ‘SES’ (Low/High). The Sport Experiences Questionnaire was used to measure retrospective reports of pleasure in competition, progress and risk-taking experiences. Multivariate linear regressions were performed to show differences between sex, SES and setting of participation (competition/no-competition). Densities diagrams were also presented. Results Among girls and boys, the setting of participation was significantly positively linked to reported pleasure. This effect was greater for competition experiences, respectively 1.45-fold and 1.53-fold increase for competition than no-competition players, for boys and girls. Among girls, high-SES girls presented a lower appreciation of competition experiences than their counterparts with low-SES. This relationship was observed in non-competitive (B=-0.62, p-value=0.016) and competitive (B=-0.70, p-value=0.025) settings. Finally, progress experiences were appreciated by all. Conclusions These results may help to step back traditional instituted sports offer. They would help to develop sports initiatives adapted to adolescents’ tastes. Finally, progress experiences may be gold experiences in sport and should be promoted in all context of participation. Key messages Modern sport experiences are not appreciated by all subgroups of adolescents. Endeavors to improve sport participation of adolescents should adapt contents to adolescents’ tastes. Pleasure in competition and risk-taking are linked to setting of participation and adolescents’ SES. The progress experiences may be the gold standard of sports experiences.

The apprehension in the process of teaching learning of the hockey on lawn (s c) in the sports initiation of base

Este trabajo aborda el estudio a través del cual se establecen los rasgos fundamentales que caracterizan el proceso de evolución del objeto y el campo de la investigación, así como el estado inicial de la aprehensión en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje del Hockey sobre Césped (s/c) en la iniciación deportiva de base categoría 11-12 años, desde un enfoque integrador. El cual transita por las Áreas Deportiva Especiales (ADE), ubicadas en los combinados deportivos de los distintos municipios de la provincia, con el objetivo de conocer el desarrollo de la enseñanza aprendizaje del Hockey (s/c) en relación con la aprehensión. La investigación realizada implicó un proceso de sistematización teórica y empírica, en el que se entrelazó la indagación que aportó el estudio histórico realizado. Para ello se utilizaron diferentes métodos de los niveles teórico y empírico, y procedimientos declarados en el diseño teórico-metodológico. Para su determinación se tomaron en consideración las características de la enseñanza aprendizaje y los rasgos distintivos de la dinámica del Hockey (s/c) en la iniciación deportiva categoría 11-12 años, la integración de los componentes de la preparación, el rol de los enfoques de aprendizaje en la enseñanza del Hockey (s/c), posición que asumen los hockeistas y exigencias en la enseñanza aprendizaje de acuerdo con las aspiraciones del modelo de hockeista, sobre la base de los criterios establecidos, los que le dan pertinencia al estudio realizado.Palabras clave: Aprehensión, enseñanza aprendizaje, iniciación deportiva, Hockey sobre Césped.

Early Single Sport Specialization in a High-Achieving US Athlete Population: Comparing National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athletes and Undergraduate Students.

Early single-sport specialization and the relative age effect are often cited as improving the chances of sport success. Both concepts suggest that genetics and the environment have little influence on sport success. To compare National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes (SAs) with their undergraduate nonathlete peers (NAs) in terms of birth month, age of sport initiation, and age of single-sport specialization. A family history of sport participation was examined as a potential marker for genetic and social influences. Cross-sectional survey. Large urban university. A total of 273 Division I SAs (138 women, 135 men) and 155 NAs (78 women, 77 men) participated. The NAs had been involved in competitive youth sports before entering the university. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire that addressed the age of sport initiation, birth month, age of single-sport specialization, and parental and sibling sport achievement. Neither birth month nor the age of sport initiation differed between groups (age of sport initiation = 7.16 ± 2.6 years for the SAs versus 7.71 ± 3.5 for the NAs; P = .176). A larger proportion of SAs began participating before 10 years of age (80% versus 63%; P = .02). The parents of SAs were more likely to have participated in collegiate (32.4% versus 8.4%; P < .0001) and professional (10.9% versus 1.3%; P = .0005) sports. The SAs specialized in a single sport at an older age (15.38 ± 2.7 years versus 14.30 ± 2.6 years; P = .002). Both groups participated in multiple sports in childhood (SAs = 3.9 ± 1.8 sports, NAs = 3.2 ± 1.8 sports; P = .366). The Division I SAs did not specialize in a single sport at a younger age than the NAs. No evidence of a relative age effect was present. Importantly, higher levels of sport achievement among the parents and siblings of SAs suggest that genetic endowment and family or other environmental dynamics play a large role in athletic performance. Overall, the results are not consistent with deliberate practice theory and point toward an alternative model that includes not only sport-specific skill development but also genetic and social factors as key elements of long-term sport achievement.

PRÁTICAS DESPORTIVAS NA INFÂNCIA E O IMPACTO NA VIDA ADULTA

The sports practice started in childhood promotes several health benefits for the child, improving and developing the natural abilities acquired over time, as well as socialization, bonding, friendships, etc. The way this process occurs can significantly alter this child's future as well as their health. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to reflect on the importance of sports practice in childhood, its relationship with possible reasons for abandoning the practice permanently, and the impact of this in adult life. In order to carry out this research, we used the Scielo, Google academic database with theoretical scanning through the keywords: "sports initiation", "health" and "abandonment", in the search period between 1998 and 2018. The data analyzed indicate that even if a child is part of a sports team, the play should prevail, especially for those who practice a certain sport only for leisure and / or for non competitive purposes. It is up to the teacher / coach / coach to instruct each child in order to provide health gains as well as strive for a balance between recreation and competition. Frustrated sports practices in childhood can impact on a sedentary adult, since the previous experiences of the same were not positive, with that the culpabilization of this can fall on the professional. The more playful and entertaining your experience in practice, the easier your staying will be. When it comes to the children's audience, the Physical Education professionals who work in this environment, in a multiprofessional work with Sports Psychology, must take into account the taste that the child acquired with the practice of sports, creating strategies of motivation for the permanence of it in the sport . With this, sports initiation assumes a significant role of social, physiological and psychic development of the child, making sports practice more pleasurable and healthy.

Frequency and associated factors of poor knee alignment in young Brazilian volleyball players

ABSTRACTObjectives: Poor knee alignment during the deceleration phase of closed kinetic chain movements, such as landings, is a relevant risk factor for injuries in sports. This study assessed the knee alignment and possible associated factors in young Brazilian volleyball athletesMethods: One hundred and seventeen athletes of both genders (9–19 years old) were assessed during a drop jump for the observation of knee alignment. Chi-square test was used to describe the association between poor knee alignment and: gender, age category (≤14 years and ≥15 years), sports experience, participation in competitions, the presence of knee pain during training, and history of lower limb injuryResults: Seventy percent of athletes presented poor knee alignment, which was slightly associated with a sports experience lower than one year.Conclusion: Thus, considering the high number of volleyball practitioners and its strong presence in physical education classes, preventive measures should be adopted for young volleyball athletes of both genders, especially in the sports initiation phase.

Predictive variables of emotional intensity and motivational orientation in the sports initiation of basketball

The sports initiation of basketball has used exercises and games to improve motor performance, forgetting aspects of maximum importance such as the emotional experience and motivational orientation of players. There were 183 students from public secondary and post-compulsory schools, 103 girls (56.2%) and 80 boys (43.7%). The validated Games and Emotions Scale questionnaire: GES-II was applied, together with the motivation questionnaire that the students completed after finishing the game situations. Two sessions were held: a) races bouncing a basketball and, b) by teams, passing between teammates a ball that had to be launched on the rival team. Multivariate analyzes were applied, classification trees, specifically the CHAID growth method (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector, in SPSS v.24). The analysis of the predictive variables of emotional intensity indicated that the first explanatory variable was the emotion type (p &lt;.001; F = 1178.369; df1, df2 = 1833). The positive emotions (e +) (n = 367, M = 4.0) were more intense (p &lt;.001) than the negative ones (e-) (n = 1468, mean 1.4). The second predictive variable for both types of emotions was the result. The predictive maps of emotional and motivational experience confirm that the characteristics of the tasks and of the players are two intertwined realities to take into account in integral basketball training. The sports initiation of basketball has used exercises and games to improve motor performance, forgetting aspects of maximum importance such as the emotional experience and motivational orientation of players. There were 183 students from public secondary and post-compulsory schools, 103 girls (56.2%) and 80 boys (43.7%). The validated Games and Emotions Scale questionnaire: GES-II was applied, together with the motivation questionnaire that the students completed after finishing the game situations. Two sessions were held: a) races bouncing a basketball and, b) by teams, passing between teammates a ball that had to be launched on the rival team. Multivariate analyzes were applied, classification trees, specifically the CHAID growth method (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector, in SPSS v.24). The analysis of the predictive variables of emotional intensity indicated that the first explanatory variable was the emotion type (p &lt;.001; F = 1178.369; df1, df2 = 1833). The positive emotions (e +) (n = 367, M = 4.0) were more intense (p &lt;.001) than the negative ones (e-) (n = 1468, mean 1.4). The second predictive variable for both types of emotions was the result. The predictive maps of emotional and motivational experience confirm that the characteristics of the tasks and of the players are two intertwined realities to take into account in integral basketball training.

Social inclusion of newly arrived female asylum seekers and refugees through a community sport initiative: the case of Bike Bridge

This study examines the potential and limitations of a community sport initiative in fostering social inclusion of newly arrived adult female asylum seekers and refugees in Germany. It contains three parts: the first and second part aim to assess the perceived opportunities and barriers of riding a bicycle in the participants’ homeland and Germany and to provide empirical evidence about the outcomes of the project at a micro level by prioritising the participants’ accounts and experiences. In the third section, through an examination of the programme’s structure and provision, its perceived impact is investigated. Bourdieu’s theory of practice was deployed as an analytical tool in the study. The findings revealed the importance of need-based, informal and intercultural provisions and practices to foster participation of physical recreation of the target group in their new setting. However, to facilitate social inclusion, the participants’ prolonged and sustained engagement in the programme as volunteers was crucial.

Applying the New Teaching Methodologies in Youth Football Players: Toward a Healthier Sport.

At early ages (6–12 years), the levels of physical activity developed in sports initiation and Physical Education often fall short of optimal levels. Ecological models of education seek, among other things, to make up for this deficit by modifying the structural elements of sport, bringing play closer to the child’s developmental characteristics. In this sense, Nonlinear Pedagogy is a model of active pedagogy that seeks the integral development of young players through a sport more in line with their abilities, and that for this is based on a system of constraints on the environment, the task and the player himself. However, there are no studies that analyze the effects of these methodologies on the parameters of physical activity at such an early age. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of a learning methodology based on Nonlinear Pedagogy on health-related levels of physical activity (heart rate) in young football players (U-11). A quasi-experimental study was developed in which three tasks were applied using structural modifications of the football elements related to Nonlinear Pedagogy (modification of the number of players related to situations of inferiority, equality and numerical superiority; dimensions of the field of play). The sample studied was composed of football players, U-11 n = 32), age: 10.35 ± 0.54 years; years of experience: 2.14 ± 0.768 years. The players carried out each task for 10 min. Physical activity levels were measured by controlling heart rate using heart rate monitors (Polar Team2). The results showed very high levels of vigorous and very vigorous physical activity in all the tasks designed. These data show that the use of these new teaching methodologies has an impact on levels of physical activity in accordance with the recommended parameters.

Tipping the balance back towards emancipation: exploring the positions of Flemish community sport practitioners towards social control

Current debates highlight the dualistic nature of community sport, which is shaped by both emancipating logics and controlling logics. Critical scholars have warned against the current prioritization of controlling logics over emancipating ones, as this might lead to instrumental approaches in which the vulnerability of young people is managed rather than tackled. However, little research has been conducted on the way in which practitioners perceive and act upon the dominance of social control as a value within community sport. In this article, we report on the findings of a qualitative study into three community sport initiatives in Flanders, Belgium. The data indicate there are small emancipatory moments within the daily practice of community sport. Based on these results, we propose a reconfiguration of the concept of emancipation from being a solid, utopian ideal towards being a search for moments where the dominant logics of social control are momentarily disrupted.

Developing physical activity interventions for children with a visual impairment: Lessons from the First Steps initiative

Children with a visual impairment are less active than their sighted peers. Yet, they are born with the potential to match their sighted peers’ motor skill competency and levels of physical fitness. Environmental barriers are one of the main causes of inequities. This article provides insight on these issues, drawing upon a physical activity intervention called ‘First Steps’, a British Blind Sport initiative that aimed to get more children with a visual impairment more active. Physical activity packs were delivered to 53 children, aged 5–15 years, with a visual impairment. Of these participants, 62% had additional impairments or medical conditions. A mixed-methods approach was used to gather participants’ experiences of physical activity prior to receiving this pack and canvas opinion on how the pack changed their activity levels. The findings revealed inequitable experiences of physical activity. The First Steps pack made considerable progress in developing children’s physical activity levels. Participants’ motor skills, social interactions, and confidence improved. Organisations working with this population might look to adopt a similar concept. Recommendations for those wishing to do so are provided.

Brazilian women elite futsal players’ career development: diversified experiences and late sport specialization

Abstract Aims: To investigate elite women sports career development can be a way to better understand how gender issues and specific women sport practice conditions have influenced athletes’ life and personal experiences, also subside reflections on policies and pedagogic intervention on the sport. The aims of this study were to investigate and describe the process of sports career development lived by Brazilian women elite futsal players, based on their own sport experiences and perspectives on futsal. Methods: Data of this qualitative study were produced by semi-structured retrospective interviews with 13 Brazilian elite women futsal players. Data gathering and data analysis were based on the Grounded Theory method. Results: This section is organized in four axes, with their main categories in parenthesis: 1.Diversified experiences in childhood and youth (enjoyment related to diversified sport practices); 2.Initiation on ‘kicking ball games’ practices (experiences with football and futsal informal practices and suffering of prejudice related to gender issues); 3.Systematic participation in futsal practices (experiences in systematic futsal practices within older age groups); 4.The investment on elite futsal career (moving from football to futsal career). Conclusion: Interviewed players had their first sports experiences on a variety of practices during sport initiation in childhood. The beginning on systematic practice of futsal occurred later than men athletes. The lack of competitions for young girls, and the fact that futsal and other ‘ball kicking games’ are considered as men preserve practices contributed to the late sport specialization process. The athletes’ career presented strong thresholds related to gender issues on futsal.

Análisis de las tareas de entrenamiento en fútbol-base: diferencias entre dos meses durante el periodo competitivo en la categoría sub-19

Actualmente, existe una falta de categorización en relación al diseño de las tareas de entrenamiento en el fútbol-base, y más concretamente en la categoría sub-19. La herramienta SIATE es un instrumento objetivo y útil para el registro de las tareas, que únicamente ha sido utilizado en una investigación previa en el contexto del fútbol. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar y comparar las características pedagógicas de las tareas de entrenamiento diseñadas durante un periodo competitivo de dos meses de duración en categoría sub-19. Se analizaron un total de 114 tareas de entrenamiento repartidas en 17 sesiones durante dos meses, enero (n=9) y febrero (n=8). El instrumento empleado para el análisis de las tareas fue el SIATE, donde se analizaron las siguientes variables pedagógicas: (a) Situación de juego; (b) Presencia de portero; (c) Fase de juego; (d) Tipo de contenido; (e) Medio de iniciación deportiva; (f) Nivel de oposición y (g) Línea de juego. Los resultados muestran en el mes de enero un predominio de juegos reducidos de 6vs6 sin presencia de portero. En cambio, en el segundo mes existen mayoritariamente juegos de 8vs7 y combinados en espacios reducidos sin portero. En cuanto a la comparativa entre meses de entrenamientos, se encuentran diferencias significativas en todas las variables pedagógicas. En conclusión, se encuentra un predominio del uso de juegos reducidos para el desarrollo de las capacidades físico-técnico-tácticas durante las sesiones de entrenamiento, siendo posible su registro de forma objetiva gracias a la herramienta SIATE.

Power and Politics: A Case Study in Community Sport Partnerships

Carmen Jackson directs West Jefferson’s Harris Center. Dissatisfied with the efforts of previous partners at the Center, she is looking to form connections with partners with whom she could work alongside to address the interests and needs of West Jefferson’s youth. Specifically, Ms. Jackson is concerned about the lack of structured programming and the low participation rates among girls. Dr. Snow, from nearby Paul Warner College (PWC), was referred to Ms. Jackson as a possible new partner. Dr. Snow saw the potential for college students in her Non-Profit and Community Sport course to engage in projects with the Harris Center. Summer conversations led to plans to begin partnering in the fall. The new school year has arrived. As Ms. Jackson posts flyers about the new partnership per a request from PWC’s media campaign, she is waiting to meet Dr. Snow’s students. Utilizing Parent and Harvey’s model for community-based sport initiatives, the emerging partnership between the Harris Center and PWC has established a mutually beneficial purpose. However, additional antecedents necessary for a successful project could be lacking (i.e., collaborative planning, understanding of the environments, and nature of partners), and not everyone realizes the issues with how the partnership is beginning.

Study of Orthopedic Deformities in Female Judokas of School Age

This article reports a study carried out with the population of female judo athletes aged between 13 and 14 years, from the Sports Initiation School of CamagA¼ey, Cuba, for the determination of the orthopedic deformities presented, the results obtained corroborate the presence of deformities, combined in all cases, which are not attributed to sports, but to the selection, but can be aggravated if the correct execution of the technical elements of this sport is not addressed and strategies are not established to correct them in the context of sports training, to prevent them from consolidating in the future.

Hybridizing pedagogical models: A systematic review

The goal of this study was to assess hybridizations conducted among pedagogical models (PMs) from 1st to 12th grade (six–18 years) in physical education (PE). Research articles selected were found through Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, SportDiscus (EBSCO), ERIC (ProQuest) and Google Scholar databases. The keywords associated with PMs (e.g. models-based practice and sport education (SE)), hybridization (e.g. hybrid), PE and educational levels (e.g. middle school) were used in different combinations. The articles were selected using the following criteria: (a) peer-reviewed studies in international journals indexed in JCR/Scopus; (b) PM hybridizations; (c) quantitative and/or qualitative methods and findings; (d) school context research; and (e) published in English or Spanish. 20 articles were identified as being of moderate/high quality. Results showed that the PMs used in the hybridizations determined the outcomes, and these were grouped in two major categories: (a) game-related skills (physical/motor and cognitive domains), which included game understanding and tactical–technical skills; and (b) psychosocial variables (social and affective domains), which included psychological, social and personal development. The combination of SE and sport initiation models favoured the first category, while the hybrid models which included cooperative learning and/or teaching for personal and social responsibility favoured the second one. There seems to be an advantage for hybrid over isolated PM implementation, because the former can promote outcomes in many different domains, overcoming the constraints of single PMs. Teachers’ commitment, training and experience of PMs were key features for a successful hybridization.

SITUATION OF ROMANIAN ROMA LIVING IN ENCAMPMENTS IN POLAND AND OPPORTUNITIES OF PARTICIPATION IN SPORTING ACTIVITIES THE CASE OF POZNAŃ

The phenomenon of migration and the challenges in the new hosting country have been often analysed in relation to the newcomers arriving from states outside of the European Union. However, in Poland these are the citizens of the EU who face discrimination. At the same time, despite the principles of the EU programs concerning different spheres and operations of integrative and inclusive character aimed at foreign nationals, including sport initiatives, Roma have been systematically omitted and excluded since the 1990s. This situation caused this group to be deprived of the right to work, health care, welfare and adequate housing and education. Opportunities of participating in sporting activities are very limited. In Poland, only a few non-governmental organisations and anti-racist activist initiatives attempt to cooperate with the members of this community. The first part of the article contains a broad introduction to the situation of Romanian Roma in Poland which is necessary in the light of the lack of studies on this subject within Polish sociology, and allows the reader to grasp the wider context of the discussion on the issue of access to sporting activities. Then, drawing on the research and activist experience, the author describes local sport initiatives available to Roma children living in the Poznań encampment, with emphasis on informal initiatives.

COMPARISON BETWEEN GLOBAL AND ANALYTICAL TRAINING METHODOLOGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS SKILLS DURING SOCCER INITIATION TRAINING ON 8-9 AND 10-11 YEARS OLD CHILDREN

Previous studies focused on the comparison of soccer teaching methodologies in sports initiation have not obtained conclusive results about the best methodology. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to compare the effect of global and analytical training-learning methodologies on some technical fundamental skills in children of 8-9 and 10-11 years old in soccer initiation. The technical skills evaluated by the test battery of “The Soccer Star Challenge” were running with the ball, dribbling, heading and shooting the ball, in which the kids were evaluated, previously and after 40 sessions of training with each respective methodology. The results yield that both methodologies improved all the technical skills at the end of the training program. Moreover, both methods were effective, since no significant difference was found between them in the progress of the technical skills between the methodologies assessed. For the design of a training-learning program in soccer initiation, we suggest the use of activities that involved both models to develop all the players’ technical skills.